Dehnungssensoren werden zur Überwachung von sicherheitsrelevanten Bauteilen, besonders in Bauteilen aus faserverstärkten Polymermatrixverbundwerkstoffen eingesetzt. Durch deren Integration in das Bauteilinnere werden sie vor schädigenden mechanischen sowie korrosiven Einwirkungen geschützt. Dies gewährleistet eine zuverlässige sowie dauerhafte Funktion. Verschiedene Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung integrierbarer Dehnungssensoren werden international untersucht. Die Verringerung des Sensordurchmessers auf Abmaße im Bereich des Durchmessers von Verstärkungsfasern ist dabei ein bedeutendes Entwicklungsziel. Insbesondere bei der Integration in Bauteile aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffen sorgen zum Durchmesser von Fasern vergleichbare Sensordurchmesser für eine optimale Sensoranbindung. Die Bildung von Harznestern sowie schwächender Unstetigkeiten kann mittels dünner Sensoren verhindert werden. Dies gewährleistet eine artefaktefreie Dehnungsmessung. Drei verschiedene Ansätze für neuartige Dehnungssensoren mit kleinem Querschnitt wurden in dieser Arbeit untersucht. / Strain sensors are used for structural health monitoring issues, certainly in parts with high safety requirements made of fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The integration of these sensors inside the parts protects them against any mechanical and corrosive impact. The sensor functionality can be enhanced by integration. There is a lot of international research effort to further develop integratable strain sensors. Different approaches are currently pursued. This thesis presents the results of investigations on three different approaches for novel strain sensors. The main goal of these investigations was to minimise the sensor diameter down to the diameter of reinforcing fibres. The small diameter allows for an optimum and artefact free integration of the sensors. The formation of resin nests and notches to the material structure can be prevented by integrating sensor with a smaller diameter. The strain measurement and monitoring is enhanced and more reliable then.

Strukturüberwachung und Condition Monitoring spielen in vielen Gebieten der Technik eine große Rolle. Zur Überwachung von Leichtbaustrukturen aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffen bietet sich hierfür besonders die Körperschall-Analyse an. Am Markt etabliert sind hierfür piezoelektrische Signalaufnehmer. Diese Arbeit stellt eine kostengünstige Alternative in Form von mikromechanischen Körperschall-Sensoren vor. Eine Besonderheit stellt hierbei das Prinzip des mechanischen Bandpasses dar. Es wird die Elektronik- und Gehäuseentwicklung sowie die experimentelle Untersuchung dargelegt. / Structural health monitoring is of vital importance in many technical fields. For monitoring of lightweight structures made from fiber reinforced plastics especially acoustic emission testing is used. Commercially available transducers utilize the piezoelectric effect. This thesis introduces a cost efficient alternative in form of micromechanical sensors, in particular sensors using the principle of a mechanical bandpass. The design of electronics and the packaging as well as experimental investigations are provided.

The great social and economic impact of earthquakes has made necessary the development of novel structural health monitoring (SHM) solutions for increasing the level of structural safety and assessment. SHM is the process of comparing the current state of a structure’s condition relative to a healthy baseline state to detect the existence, location, and degree of likely damage during or after a damaging input, such as an earthquake. Many SHM algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, a large majority of these algorithms cannot be implemented in real time. Therefore, their results would not be available during or immediately after a major event for urgent post-event response and decision making. Further, these off-line techniques are not capable of providing the input information required for structural control systems for damage mitigation. The small number of real-time SHM (RT-SHM) methods proposed in the past, resolve these issues. However, these approaches have significant computational complexity and typically do not manage nonlinear cases directly associated with relevant damage metrics. Finally, many available SHM methods require full structural response measurement, including velocities and displacements, which are typically difficult to measure. All these issues make implementation of many existing SHM algorithms very difficult if not impossible. This thesis proposes simpler, more suitable algorithms utilising a nonlinear Bouc-Wen hysteretic baseline model for RT-SHM of a large class of nonlinear hysteretic structures. The RT-SHM algorithms are devised so that they can accommodate different levels of the availability of design data or measured structural responses, and therefore, are applicable to both existing and new structures. The second focus of the thesis is on developing a high-speed, high-resolution, seismic structural displacement measurement sensor to enable these methods and many other SHM approaches by using line-scan cameras as a low-cost and powerful means of measuring structural displacements at high sampling rates and high resolution. Overall, the results presented are thus significant steps towards developing smart, damage-free structures and providing more reliable information for post-event decision making.

<div>Decades of scaling in semiconductor technology has resulted in a drastic reduction in the cost and size of unit computing. This has enabled computing capabilities in small form factor wearable and implantable devices. These devices communicate with each other to form a network around the body, commonly known as the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Radio wave transmission over air is the commonly used method of communication among these devices. However, the human body can be used as the communication medium by utilizing its electrical conductivity property. This has given rise to Human Body Communication (HBC), which provides higher energy efficiency and enhanced security compared to over the air radio wave communication enabling applications like remote health monitoring, secure authentication. In this thesis we characterize the human body channel characteristics at low frequencies, utilize the insight obtained from the channel characterization to build high energy-efficiency, interference-robust circuits and demonstrate the security and selectivity aspect of HBC through a Common Off the Shelf (COTS) component-based system. First, we characterize the response of the human body channel in the 10KHz1MHz frequency range with wearable transmitter/ receiver to study the feasibility of using it as a broadband communication channel. Voltage mode measurements with capacitive termination show almost at-band response in this frequency range, establishing the body as a broadband channel. The body channel response is also measured across different interaction scenario between two wearable devices and a wearable and a computer. A bio-physical model of the HBC channel is developed to explain the measurement results and the wide discrepancies found in previous studies.We analyze the safety aspect of different type of HBC by carrying out theoretical circuit and FEM based simulations. A study is carried out among multiple subjects to assess the effect of HBC on the vital parameters of a subject. A statistical analysis of the results shows no signicant change in the vital parameters before and during HBC transmission, validating the theoretical simulations showing >!000x safety margin compared to the established ICNIRP guidelines. Next, an HBC transceiver is built utilizing the wire-like, broadband human body channel to enable high energy efficiency. The transceiver also provides robustness to ambient interference picked up by the human body through integration followed by periodic sampling. The transceiver achieves 6.3pJ/bit energy effciency while operating at a maximum data rate of 30Mbps, while providing -30dB interference tolerant operation. Finally, a COTS based HBC prototype is developed, which utilizes low frequency operation to enable selective and physically secure communication strictly during touch for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) between two wearable devices for the rst time. A thorough study of the effect of different parameters such as environment, posture, subject variation, on the channel loss has also been characterized to build a robust HBC system working across different use cases. Applications such as secure authentication (e.g. opening a door, pairing a smart device) and information exchange (e.g. payment, image, medical data, personal profile transfer) through touch is demonstrated to show the impact of HBC in enabling new human-machine interaction modalities.</div>

Les approches de surveillance de l’intégrité des structures ont été proposées pour permettre un contrôle continu de l’état des structures en intégrant à celle-ci des capteurs intelligents. En effet, ce contrôle continu doit être effectué pour s’assurer du bon fonctionnement de celles-ci car la présence d’un défaut dans la structure peut aboutir à un accident catastrophique. Cependant, la variation des conditions environnementales et opérationnelles (CEO) dans lesquelles la structure évolue, impacte sévèrement les signaux collectés ce qui induit parfois une mauvaise interprétation de la présence du défaut dans la structure. Dans ce travail de thèse, l’application des méthodes d’apprentissage statistiques classiques a été envisagée dans le cas des structures tubulaires. Ici, les effets des paramètres de mesures sur la robustesse de ces méthodes ont été investiguées. Ensuite, deux approches ont été proposées pour remédier aux effets des CEO. La première approche suppose que la base de données des signaux de référence est suffisamment riche en variation des CEO. Dans ce cas, une estimation parcimonieuse du signal mesuré est calculée. Puis, l’erreur d’estimation est utilisée comme indicateur de défaut. Tandis que la deuxième approche est utilisée dans le cas où la base de données des signaux des références contient une variation limitée des CEO mais on suppose que celles-ci varient lentement. Dans ce cas, une mise à jour du modèle de l’état sain est effectuée en appliquant l’analyse en composante principale (PCA) par fenêtre mobile. Dans les deux approches, la localisation du défaut a été assurée en utilisant une fenêtre glissante sur le signal provenant de l’état endommagé. / To ensure better working conditions of civil and engineering structures, inspections must be made on a regular basis. However, these inspections could be labor-intensive and cost-consuming. In this context, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems using permanently attached transducers were proposed to ensure continuous damage diagnostic of these structures. In SHM, damage detection is generally based on comparison between the healthy state signals and the current signals. Nevertheless, the environmental and operational conditions will have an effect on the healthy state signals. If these effects are not taken into account they would result in false indication of damage (false alarm). In this thesis, classical machine learning methods used for damage detection have been applied in the case of pipelines. The effects of some measurements parameters on the robustness of these methods have been investigated. Afterthat, two approaches were proposed for damage diagnostic depending on the database of reference signals. If this database contains large variation of these EOCs, a sparse estimation of the current signal is calculated. Then, the estimation error is used as an indication of the presence of damage. Otherwise, if this database is acquired at limited range of EOCs, moving window PCA can be applied to update the model of the healthy state provided that the EOCs show slow and continuous variation. In both approaches, damage localization was ensured using a sliding window over the damaged pipe signal.

Advanced aerospace materials, including fibre reinforced polymer and ceramic matrix composites, are increasingly being used in critical and demanding applications, challenging not only the current damage prediction, detection, and quantification methodologies, but also the residual life of the structure. The main objective of this work consists of developing theoretical and experimental studies about residual strength for composite structures, which are damaged by impact loading, aided by a SHM system, which combines different methods. For this, it is necessary: to identify, and to localize damage, as well as to calculate the severity of the damage and to predict the residual strength of the composite structure. To achieve these goals, the research methodology should consider three methods: (1) Vibration Based Method (VBM); (2) Shearography Speckle (SS) and (3) Flexural After Impact (FAI). Composite plates, made of epoxy resin reinforced by carbon or glass fibre, are evaluated. Firstly, VBM provide Frequency Response Functions to be analysed by suitable metrics (including a new metric), which are compared in terms of their capability for damage identification and global location. Afterwards, the extension of impact damage is determined by using shearography speckle. This technique has demonstrated great potential for damage detection in composite laminated structures. The identification of the damage from the measurements performed with the SS technique is based on the analysis of disturbances in the speed field caused because of the different properties of the material. These abnormal deformations can be verified as typical strains in damaged structures. SS is a laser interferometry method sensitive to displacement gradient in a surface direction out of the plane. Under the action of a smaller load, the structure is deformed and the presence of damage is shown through local peculiarities of surface deformation observed field. Finally, a flexure after impact (FAI) test is used to evaluate its limitations and potentialities as a damage tolerance technique. The residual flexural strength of damaged specimens is evaluated by quasi-static four-point bending test. A new criterion based on a relationship between damage metric from VBM and FAI analysis is presented and discussed. Thus, these results are normalized by using the maximum load and the metrics for damage analyses, i.e. if there is no damage in the structure, then the metric returns zero value. If the structure is partially damaged then the metric returns a number between one and zero. In addition, if the structure is totally damaged (i.e. residual strength is lower than specified in design), then the metric returns a value equal one. Finally, it is discussed the advantages and limitations of this combination into the context of SHM system (Structural Health Monitoring System). / Materiais compósitos estão cada vez mais sendo usados em aplicações críticas e exigentes, desafiando não apenas as metodologias atuais de previsão de dano, detecção, quantificação, mas também da vida residual da estrutura. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de estudos teóricos e experimentais sobre a resistência residual de estruturas de compósito, que são danificadas pelo carregamento de impacto, auxiliado por um sistema SHM, que combina diferentes métodos. Para isso, é necessário: identificar, localizar danos, bem como determinar a severidade dos danos e estimar a resistência residual da estrutura. Para atingir esses objetivos, a metodologia de pesquisa considerou três métodos: (1) Método baseado em vibração; (2) Shearography Speckle (SS) e (3) Flexão após Impacto (FAI). Placas de compósito, fabricadas em resina epóxi reforçada por fibra de carbono ou de vidro, são avaliadas. Em primeiro lugar, o método baseado em vibração produz Funções de Resposta em Frequência, que são analisadas através de métricas adequadas (incluindo uma nova métrica), que são comparadas em termos de sua capacidade de identificação de danos e de localização global. Depois disso, a extensão de danos causados pelo impacto é determinada empregando SS. Esta técnica tem demonstrado grande potencial na detecção de dano em estruturas laminadas compósito. A identificação do dano a partir das medidas realizadas com a técnica SS tem por base a análise das perturbações no campo de curvaturas causada devido à heterogeneidade das propriedades do material. Estas deformações anormais podem ser verificadas como deformações típicas de estruturas danificadas. A SS é um método de interferometria laser sensível ao gradiente de deslocamento de uma superfície na direção fora do plano. Sob a ação de um pequeno carregamento, a estrutura é deformada e a presença de danos é revelada através de singularidades locais do campo de deformação observado na superfície. Finalmente, teste de flexão após o impacto (FAI) é usado para avaliar suas limitações e potencialidades como uma técnica de tolerância ao dano. A resistência à flexão das amostras intactas e danificadas é avaliada por ensaio de flexão em quatro-pontos quase-estático. Um novo critério baseado em uma relação entre a métrica de dano prevista pelos métodos de vibração e a análise via FAI é apresentado e discutido. Assim, estes resultados são normalizados utilizando a carga máxima e as métricas de dano, ou seja, se não houver nenhum dano na estrutura, a métrica retorna valor igual a zero. Se a estrutura é parcialmente danificada, a métrica retorna um valor entre um e zero. Além disso, se a estrutura está totalmente danificada (ou seja, a resistência residual está abaixo do especificado em projeto), a métrica retorna um valor igual a um. Por fim, discutem-se as vantagens e limitações desta combinação para o contexto de sistema SHM (Sistema de Monitoramento da Integridade Estrutural).

O presente trabalho correlacionou diversas funções de respostas em frequência (FRF) de juntas do tipo simples, coladas e fabricadas em titânio-compósito (resina epóxi reforçada por fibra de carbono). As FRFs produzidas foram investigadas (experimental e numericamente) tanto para juntas intactas como para juntas com falha, estas provenientes, por exemplo, do uso em serviço ou então, com resultado do processamento inadequado de um reparo. Com base nessas análises buscou-se, portanto, subsidiar o desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento estrutural a partir da avaliação de seu comportamento dinâmico, medido pelo uso de pastilhas piezelétricas integradas à estrutura. Para que o respectivo objetivo fosse alcançado. Num primeiro momento, a fim de compreender os fenômenos envolvidos, conduziu-se a atividade de revisão bibliográfica, que baseada na consulta dos trabalhos mais recentes publicados sobre a análise de juntas coladas empregando abordagem numérica, analítica e/ou experimental. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidos modelos computacionais preliminares com solução via Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), a fim de se obter as diretrizes mínimas para uma proposta de fabricação das juntas híbridas (metal-compósito). Tal estratégia permitiu reduzir efeitos indesejados, que pudessem comprometer os resultados experimentais. Em posse dos resultados computacionais fabricou-se amostras de juntas metal-compósito com e sem dano. Num primeiro momento, foram realizadas análises numéricas através do desenvolvimento de modelos computacionais (com solução via MEF) das juntas, metal-compósito, monitoradas por transdutores piezelétricos. Em seguida, as juntas híbridas foram submetidas a ensaios experimentais dinâmicos, empregando técnicas de monitoramento com auxílio de transdutores piezelétricos e acelerômetros. Por fim, avaliaram-se potencialidades e limitações dos modelos computacionais desenvolvidos, através de estudos de caso, comparando os resultados experimentais com os resultados numéricos. / The herein proposed research has correlates Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of several hybrid titanium-composite (epoxy resin reinforced with carbon fiber) single lap bonded joints. The FRFs were investigated (numerically and experimentally) for joints with and without failures which may arise as the result of in service events or bad maintenance practices. The result of the dynamic analyses provided by the FRFs has substantiated the proposal of a damage detection method using piezoelectric elements capable which are capable to detect minor alterations on the dynamic behavior of the joint. In order to reach the proposed objective, the first action towards the given objective was study the problem through a bibliographic revision of the research subject, for this purpose the most recent published works related to numerical, analytical and experimental analyses of bonded joints were thoroughly evaluated and segregated. Afterwards, models of the joints were proposed using Finite Element Models (FEM) to obtain a preliminary result of the joints behavior to eventually substantiate the manufacturing processes, reducing the amount of material, time and cost of the experiments. Based upon the results of the FEM the coupons were manufactured with and without damages, using the methods and techniques available on the maintenance field for restoration of composite elements. Before proceed to the comparison between the modeled and experimental results, additional models were proposed using previous work\'s results to get results from the piezoelectric monitored joints. Afterwards, all experimental tests were conducted using accelerometers and piezoelectric elements to provide the means through it the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed monitoring method could be checked, by comparison between the experimental and modeled results.

[pt] O aumento dos custos relacionados aos processos de manutenção em estruturas como aeronaves, aliadas à crescente demanda das mesmas, alimentam a necessidade de investimentos em técnicas inovadoras de monitoramento estrutural. Dessa forma, o trabalho realizado nesta tese, busca o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de monitoramento ativo, visando o acompanhamento de parâmetros da estrutura analisada, a fim de identificar e caracterizar processos de dano não visíveis, tais como corrosão e delaminação. A metodologia empregada, teve como base a análise dos padrões de deformação superficial, obtidos com o uso de grades de sensores à fibra óptica baseadas em redes de Bragg (FBG). Inicialmente, tais padrões foram provocados por carregamentos estáticos (tração), e posteriormente por atuadores PTZ fixados à estrutura. Estes últimos são submetidos a uma voltagem alternada e frequência fixa. Esta técnica apresenta todas as vantagens dos sensores FBG (massa e dimensões reduzidas, imunidade eletromagnética, elevado poder de multiplexação e alta sensibilidade entre outras), alem de permitir a visualização de alterações nos padrões de deformação, provocados por danos, através da variação da frequência de excitação. Com relação à interpretação dos resultados, a estratégia empregada consistiu em separar o problema de detecção e caracterização dos danos. Dessa forma, a detecção é realizada comparando a energia das deformações superficiais dos corpos de prova nos casos com e sem defeito, enquanto a caracterização é obtida através a utilização de redes neurais artificiais (RNA), por meio de rotinas de reconhecimento de padrões. / [en] The higher costs related to maintenance processes in structures such as aircraft, coupled with the growing demand of them, fueling the need for investment in innovative techniques for structural monitoring. Thus, the work done in this thesis seeks to develop a technique of active monitoring, aiming at monitoring of structure parameters analyzed in order to identify and characterize processes of hidden damage such as corrosion and delamination. The maid methodology was based on the analysis of patterns of surface deformation, obtained with the use of nets of optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings ( FBG ). Initially, these patterns were caused by static loads (tension ), and later by PTZ actuators fixed to the frame, who are subjected to an AC voltage and fixed frequency. This technique has all the advantages of the FBG s sensors (mass and small dimensions, electromagnetic immunity, high multiplexing s power and high sensitivity among others), in addition to allowing visualization of changes in the patterns of deformation caused by damage, by varying the frequency excitation. With respect to the interpretation of the results, the strategy employed was to separate the problem of detection and characterization of damage. Thus, the detection is performed by comparing the deformation energy of the surface of the specimens in the cases with and without defect, whereas the characterization is obtained through the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) by means of pattern recognition routines.

Advanced aerospace materials, including fibre reinforced polymer and ceramic matrix composites, are increasingly being used in critical and demanding applications, challenging not only the current damage prediction, detection, and quantification methodologies, but also the residual life of the structure. The main objective of this work consists of developing theoretical and experimental studies about residual strength for composite structures, which are damaged by impact loading, aided by a SHM system, which combines different methods. For this, it is necessary: to identify, and to localize damage, as well as to calculate the severity of the damage and to predict the residual strength of the composite structure. To achieve these goals, the research methodology should consider three methods: (1) Vibration Based Method (VBM); (2) Shearography Speckle (SS) and (3) Flexural After Impact (FAI). Composite plates, made of epoxy resin reinforced by carbon or glass fibre, are evaluated. Firstly, VBM provide Frequency Response Functions to be analysed by suitable metrics (including a new metric), which are compared in terms of their capability for damage identification and global location. Afterwards, the extension of impact damage is determined by using shearography speckle. This technique has demonstrated great potential for damage detection in composite laminated structures. The identification of the damage from the measurements performed with the SS technique is based on the analysis of disturbances in the speed field caused because of the different properties of the material. These abnormal deformations can be verified as typical strains in damaged structures. SS is a laser interferometry method sensitive to displacement gradient in a surface direction out of the plane. Under the action of a smaller load, the structure is deformed and the presence of damage is shown through local peculiarities of surface deformation observed field. Finally, a flexure after impact (FAI) test is used to evaluate its limitations and potentialities as a damage tolerance technique. The residual flexural strength of damaged specimens is evaluated by quasi-static four-point bending test. A new criterion based on a relationship between damage metric from VBM and FAI analysis is presented and discussed. Thus, these results are normalized by using the maximum load and the metrics for damage analyses, i.e. if there is no damage in the structure, then the metric returns zero value. If the structure is partially damaged then the metric returns a number between one and zero. In addition, if the structure is totally damaged (i.e. residual strength is lower than specified in design), then the metric returns a value equal one. Finally, it is discussed the advantages and limitations of this combination into the context of SHM system (Structural Health Monitoring System). / Materiais compósitos estão cada vez mais sendo usados em aplicações críticas e exigentes, desafiando não apenas as metodologias atuais de previsão de dano, detecção, quantificação, mas também da vida residual da estrutura. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de estudos teóricos e experimentais sobre a resistência residual de estruturas de compósito, que são danificadas pelo carregamento de impacto, auxiliado por um sistema SHM, que combina diferentes métodos. Para isso, é necessário: identificar, localizar danos, bem como determinar a severidade dos danos e estimar a resistência residual da estrutura. Para atingir esses objetivos, a metodologia de pesquisa considerou três métodos: (1) Método baseado em vibração; (2) Shearography Speckle (SS) e (3) Flexão após Impacto (FAI). Placas de compósito, fabricadas em resina epóxi reforçada por fibra de carbono ou de vidro, são avaliadas. Em primeiro lugar, o método baseado em vibração produz Funções de Resposta em Frequência, que são analisadas através de métricas adequadas (incluindo uma nova métrica), que são comparadas em termos de sua capacidade de identificação de danos e de localização global. Depois disso, a extensão de danos causados pelo impacto é determinada empregando SS. Esta técnica tem demonstrado grande potencial na detecção de dano em estruturas laminadas compósito. A identificação do dano a partir das medidas realizadas com a técnica SS tem por base a análise das perturbações no campo de curvaturas causada devido à heterogeneidade das propriedades do material. Estas deformações anormais podem ser verificadas como deformações típicas de estruturas danificadas. A SS é um método de interferometria laser sensível ao gradiente de deslocamento de uma superfície na direção fora do plano. Sob a ação de um pequeno carregamento, a estrutura é deformada e a presença de danos é revelada através de singularidades locais do campo de deformação observado na superfície. Finalmente, teste de flexão após o impacto (FAI) é usado para avaliar suas limitações e potencialidades como uma técnica de tolerância ao dano. A resistência à flexão das amostras intactas e danificadas é avaliada por ensaio de flexão em quatro-pontos quase-estático. Um novo critério baseado em uma relação entre a métrica de dano prevista pelos métodos de vibração e a análise via FAI é apresentado e discutido. Assim, estes resultados são normalizados utilizando a carga máxima e as métricas de dano, ou seja, se não houver nenhum dano na estrutura, a métrica retorna valor igual a zero. Se a estrutura é parcialmente danificada, a métrica retorna um valor entre um e zero. Além disso, se a estrutura está totalmente danificada (ou seja, a resistência residual está abaixo do especificado em projeto), a métrica retorna um valor igual a um. Por fim, discutem-se as vantagens e limitações desta combinação para o contexto de sistema SHM (Sistema de Monitoramento da Integridade Estrutural).

The present document covers the studies over Structural Health Monitoring systems via vibration based methods. The topic is organized in two parallel studies. The first one analyzes the integrity of metal-composite single lap bonded joints. The second one approaches similar analyses for sandwich structures. The monitoring was made by investigating the dynamic response both computationally and experimentally to verify the reliability of applying vibration based SHM procedures, specifically with the objective of identifying the presence of debonding damage. The dynamic responses were obtained via accelerometers and piezoelectric sensors placed on top of the investigated structures (on the outward surface). The purpose for the accelerometers is to provide reference data for the analyses involving the piezoelectric sensors. Different metrics of damage identification were investigated, all working over a determined frequency range. They quantify the damage by analyzing either the magnitudes or phase angles of the dynamic responses among the undamaged and damage structures. This present work proposed modifications to some methodologies of damage quantification found in the literature and compared the results. The new metrics offered more reliable values for the damage quantification on several of the analyses. It was verified that the metrics are valid for the scenarios observed in the present study. The experimental analyses showed also the influence on the dynamic response due to the position of small elastomeric elements. In regards to the finite element analyses, the computational models showed similar results to the experimental data, the more accurate ones being the models for the bonded joints. For the computational models, improvements can be applied into the piezoelectric sensor (e.g. by using new finite element formulations), as well as the region of debonding (e.g. by using contact algorithms). It is important to highlight that the elastic properties of the skins for the sandwich structure were obtained by the literature, so the model can be improved in the future by applying properties obtained experimentally. / Esta dissertação aborda os estudos realizados no campo de Sistemas de Monitoramento da Integridade Estrutural por meio de métodos baseados em vibrações. O tópico abordado é organizado em dois estudos paralelos. O primeiro é relativo ao monitoramento da integridade de juntas coladas metal-compósito. O segundo versa sobre análises semelhantes em estruturas sanduíche. O monitoramento foi executado através das análises das assinaturas dinâmicas das estruturas, tanto computacionalmente quanto experimentalmente, visando avaliar a capacidade de metodologias vibracionais de SHM em detectar dano de descolamento. As respostas dinâmicas foram obtidas por meio de acelerômetros e sensores piezelétricos dispostos sobre a superfície das estruturas avaliadas. Os acelerômetros fornecem dados de referência para as análises realizadas com base nas respostas do sensor piezelétrico. Diferentes métricas de identificação de dano são abordadas, sendo que todas estão baseadas em análise no domínio da frequência, utilizando parâmetros de magnitude ou ângulo de fase das estruturas danificadas e intactas. O presente trabalho propôs alterações em algumas das metodologias encontradas na literatura e comparou os resultados das métricas originais com as modificadas. As métricas modificadas apresentaram resultados mais consistentes em vários cenários de análise. Constatou-se também que as métricas abordadas mostram-se válidas para os casos observados no presente estudo. As análises experimentais também evidenciaram a influência na assinatura dinâmica da estrutura sanduíche causada pelo posicionamento de pequenos elementos elastoméricos. Com relação às análises via elementos finitos, os modelos computacionais apresentaram resultados similares aos obtidos experimentalmente, sendo os da junta colada os mais precisos. Tais modelos computacionais podem ser melhorados no futuro por meio de uma modelagem mais detalhada dos elementos piezelétricos (por exemplo: por meio de novas formulações), como também da região de descolamento (por exemplo: por meio da implementação de algoritmos de contato). Deve-se ressaltar também que as propriedades elásticas das lâminas externas da estrutura sanduíche foram obtidas da literatura, assim sendo, o modelo poderá ser melhorado em estudos futuros por meio do emprego de propriedades obtidas experimentalmente.