Ända sen lagstiftarna i 1944, 1962 och 1974 års brandlagsstiftning samt 1986 års räddningstjänstlag har det funnits en strävan att öka kommunernas ansvar för brandsläckning, räddningstjänst och förebyggande brandskydd. I Lagen om skydd mot olyckor (2003:778) ska de olika aktörernas ansvar gällande brandsäkerhet tydliggöras, vilket kan ses som en naturlig utveckling av samhällets strävan mot en bättre brandsäkerhet. För att tillgodose kraven som Lagen om skydd mot olyckor ställer på ägare och nyttjanderättshavare så bör ett s.k. Systematiskt Brandskyddsarbete (SBA) bedrivas under hela byggnadens/anläggningens tid för användning och skall omfatta såväl verksamhet som organisation. Landstinget är en aktör som berörs av Lagen om skydd mot olyckor eftersom en brand i ett sjukhus eller vårdinrättning kan, av lätt förståeliga skäl, få katastrofala följder. Landstinget i Värmland har de senaste åren genomfört en koncernövergripande översyn av sitt totala säkerhetsarbete. Landstinget i Värmland har en handlingsplan för att förebygga brand. Både utbildning och övning är viktiga delar i brandskyddet och all personal skall vara delaktiga. Eftersom både utbildning och övning är viktiga delar i brandskyddet vid sjukhus så är det värdefullt med någon form av uppföljning/utvärdering. Uppföljningen bör vara relaterad till målen för utbildningen. Under och efter lärprocessen går det att fastställa i vilken grad utbildningsmålen har uppnåtts, dvs. har den studerande lärt sig det som avsågs? Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera hur väl personalen på två avdelningar vid Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad anser sig ha tillräckliga kunskaper angående brandsäkerhet. Uppsatsen har genomförts som en pilotstudie på uppdrag av säkerhetsansvarig vid Landstinget i Värmland. Första delen av utvärderingen är allmän och tar upp frågor som berör individens upplevda kompetens samt individens syn på organisationen vid brand. Nästa del i utvärderingen består av frågor kring landstingets mål med brandutbildning och omfattar de olika moment som utbildningsplanen tar upp. Den sista delen i undersökningen handlar om frågor som endast besvaras av personal som genomgått samverkansövning med Räddningstjänsten. Svarsalternativen är utformade för att ge respondenterna en möjlighet att uttrycka ett kvalitativt ställningstagande till frågorna i utvärderingen. Positiva slutsatser är att stora delar av respondenterna anser sig ha tillräckliga kunskaper i brandsäkerhet. Respondenterna anser sig även ha tillräckliga kunskaper utifrån Landstinget i Värmlands mål med brandutbildningen för personal. De respondenter som genomgått samverkansövning med Räddningstjänsten verkar överlag anse sin egen och avdelningens kompetens tillräcklig för att fungera i samarbete med Räddningstjänsten. Respondenterna anser att både brandutbildning och brandövning har ökat deras handlingsförmåga vid brand i positiv utsträckning. En negativ slutsats är att det finns en tendens att respondenterna förlitar sig mer på avdelningen än sin egen förmåga att fungera i samarbete med Räddningstjänsten. Slutligen ett förslag på fortsatt arbete inom området brandsäkerhet. Genom att använda sig av en följdfråga till varje enkätfråga kan man identifiera både styrkor och svagheter, vilket kan användas för att öka personalens upplevelse av en tryggare arbetsmiljö utifrån brandsäkerhetsperspektiv. / Since 1944, 1962 and 1974 years' fire legislation and 1986 years' rescue service law there has been an ongoing ambition to increase the municipalities' responsibilities for fireextinction, rescue service and preventive fire protection. In the Law about protections against accidents (2003:778) will the different operators' responsibilities current fire security be clarified, which can be seen as a natural development of the society's endeavor against a better fire security. In order to meet the requirements as the Laws about protections against accidents sets on owners and users there should be a Systematic Fire Prevention be carried out during the whole building's/plant's time for use and will cover as well activity as organisation. Landstinget is an operator that is affected by the Law about protections against accidents, since a fire in a hospital or care institution can cause catastrophical consequences. Landstinget in the county of Värmland has over the last years implemented a concern overall review of its total security work. Landstinget in the county of Värmland has an action plan in order to prevent fire. Both education and exercise are important parts in the fire protection and all personnel will be participating. Since both education and exercise are important parts in the fire protection at hospitals it is valuable with some kind of follow-up/evaluation. The evaluation should be related to the objectives for the education. During and after the education process it is possible to establish in which degree the education objectives have been achieved, which means, has the student learnt what was intended? The purpose of this essay is to evaluate how well the personnel on two departments at the Central hospital in Karlstad considers itself to have sufficient knowledge concerning fire security. This essay has been carried out as a pilot study on commission of the Manager of Security at Landstinget in the county of Värmland. The first part of the evaluation is general and the questions concerns the individual's experienced competence and the individual's sights on how the organisation handle a fire. The second part of the evaluation discusses Landstinget in the county of Värmland’s objectives with fire education and covers those different aspects as the education plan covers. The last part of the survey deals with questions that only concerns the personnel that have undergone the collaboration exercise with Rescue Service. The reply alternatives are formulated in order to give the Respondents a possibility to give a qualitative stand-point to the questions in the evaluation. A positive conclusion are that many of the Respondents considers’ themselves to have sufficient knowledge in fire security. Furthermore, the Respondents consider themselves to have sufficient knowledge about Landstinget in county of Värmland objectives with the fire education for personnel. The Respondents, who have undergone collaboration exercise with Rescue Service seems in a great extent to consider themselves and the department's competence sufficient in order to function in collaboration with the Rescue Service. The Respondents consider that both fire education and fire exercise has increased their ability to act during fire situation in a positive extent. A negative conclusion is that it seems to exist a tendency that the Respondents trust in a bigger extent more in the co-workers ability than their own ability to function in collaboration with the Rescue Service. A suggestion on continued work is to use consequence questions to the respondents in order to identify both strength and weakness within the fire security as an aid in order to increase the personnel's experience of a safer work environment.

Abstract   P. Hed. (2011) What is health for men? Bachelor thesis. Gävle: University of Gävle, Faculty of health and occupational studies; 2011. The purpose of this study was to find out how men did perceive health, what men thought was healthpromoting, what men saw as potential barriers to achieve health and if there were any differences between different age groups. A qualitative study was conducted by three focus groups with six participants in each group. The people in the focus groups were men of different age and the first group was men aged 20-29, the second group was men aged 30-39 and the third group was men aged 40-50. Participants were selected through a convenience sample. The focus groups were conducted by the study leader. The information gathered in the focus groups were analysed from a phenomenographic perspective.   In the results that emerged, it appeared that health for the participants was not being sick and be at physical health in general. Health was also to be physically active, have a good social support and to eat right. Men in the focus groups felt that physical activity, nutrition and social support were the key factors in maintaining good health. If the participants health was good was depending on a number of factors, each of which helped to contribute to increased health benefits. As a threat to good health, the men saw in particular, stress, alcohol and tobacco. Opinions differed slightly between the groups and especially the third group (40-50) had a different view compared with the other groups about how physical activity was a key determinant to their sence of health.   Key words: Men, health, healthpromotion.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur yrkesrollen kan se ut för hälsopedagoger inom den offentliga sektorn och näringslivssektorn i dagsläget. Vi ville ta reda på vilka arbetsområden och företag som är aktuella för hälsopedagoger att söka anställning inom. Våra frågeställningar är: 1.     Hur ser arbetsuppgifterna ut för de respondenter vi valt att undersöka? 2.     Hur såg vägen till anställning ut?  Metod För att själva få en känsla och upplevelse av hur det är att arbeta på de arbetsplatser våra sju respondenter arbetade på genomförde vi en intervjustudie på plats. Vi bygger vår studie på fakta, personliga uppfattningar och beskrivningar från respondenterna. Vi har även studerat och jämfört med tidigare relevant forskning. Resultat Arbetsuppgifterna är varierade och består av både strategiska och operativa uppgifter. Några axplock från dessa är: utföra mätningar av kroppssammansättningen som vägning och fettprocent samt gångtest och genomföra samtal utbilda internt och externt, ansvarig för avtal och överenskommelser, administrativt arbete, hålla coachningssamtal, agera gympaledare mm. Vägen till anställning såg lite olika ut.  De flesta fick kontakt med sin nuvarande arbetsgivare genom kontakter. Endast en av våra respondenter sökte själv sitt jobb.   Slutsats Yrkesrollen för en hälsopedagog eller hälsoarbetare kan se väldigt olika ut. Att vara framåt och skapa sina egna tillfällen till jobb verkar vara en viktig framgångsfaktor i arbetssökandet. Det finns väldigt få heltidsanställningar för en hälsopedagog. Ett sätt att komma in i ett företag är att börja via timanställning och hålla träningspass eller utföra massage alternativt starta eget företag och ta uppdrag som konsult. Det krävs ofta externa kurser/certifieringar utöver hälsopedagogutbildningen för att öka sina möjligheter till en anställning.

Syftet med studien var att belysa barns upplevelse av att ha astma. För att kunna besvara syftet valdes en kvalitativ metod, där materialet bestod av fem intervjuer med barn i mellanstadieåldern. Resultatet visade att barnen på flera olika sätt känner sig begränsade i sin vardag. Främst är det känslan av att inte kunna göra samma sak som kamraterna som upplevs som mest begränsande. Barnen beskrev också

Introduction: Elderly people have much to gain when it comes to physical activity andresistance training. Ageing is a process that every human being has to go through. The mostimportant physical attributes changes, when it comes to handle everyday life and ailment thatusually occurs in the later stages of life. Physical activity and resistance training may help thecommon problem among the elderly, when it comes to cope with issues of pain and strenuouseveryday life that occurs under this ailment. Objective: To identify a senior citizen´sperception about physical activity and attitudes about resistance training. Design: A surveystudy. Setting: Gävle, Sweden. Method: A questionnaire was created with questions toidentify senior citizens perception and behaving patterns concerning physical activity. Theirattitudes about resistance training were also taken into consideration. With senior citizens inthis study, we refer to people in the ages of 65-80. A number of 40 questionnaires were passedout to senior citizens. Among these, 22 copies were taken into the study and processedthrough SPSS, a statistics program. Result: The participants believed that physical activity intheir youth had a major influence on the attitudes of engaging in activities as a senior. Amongthe people that were included in the study, 86% believed that they had been given very littleinformation about resistance-training, and the health benefits it generates for the elderly.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the physical activity among theelders today and how active they were in their earlier life. The most common activities amongthe participants were activities where other people were involved either as competitors or inthe same group exercise. Few of the participants answered resistance training as a commonphysical activity in their life. The perception about resistance training was divided into twosides, either the participants had a negative attitude about resistance training or they werepositive or unsure what to answer.Keywords: PhysicalIntroduction: Elderly people have much to gain when it comes to physical activity andresistance training. Ageing is a process that every human being has to go through. The mostimportant physical attributes changes, when it comes to handle everyday life and ailment thatusually occurs in the later stages of life. Physical activity and resistance training may help thecommon problem among the elderly, when it comes to cope with issues of pain and strenuouseveryday life that occurs under this ailment. Objective: To identify a senior citizen´sperception about physical activity and attitudes about resistance training. Design: A surveystudy. Setting: Gävle, Sweden. Method: A questionnaire was created with questions toidentify senior citizens perception and behaving patterns concerning physical activity. Theirattitudes about resistance training were also taken into consideration. With senior citizens inthis study, we refer to people in the ages of 65-80. A number of 40 questionnaires were passedout to senior citizens. Among these, 22 copies were taken into the study and processedthrough SPSS, a statistics program. Result: The participants believed that physical activity intheir youth had a major influence on the attitudes of engaging in activities as a senior. Amongthe people that were included in the study, 86% believed that they had been given very littleinformation about resistance-training, and the health benefits it generates for the elderly.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the physical activity among theelders today and how active they were in their earlier life. The most common activities amongthe participants were activities where other people were involved either as competitors or inthe same group exercise. Few of the participants answered resistance training as a commonphysical activity in their life. The perception about resistance training was divided into twosides, either the participants had a negative attitude about resistance training or they werepositive or unsure what to answer.Keywords: Physical

In general, most women are familiar with the need to stop smoking when they are pregnant. In spite of this, many women find it difficult to stop. Using a phenomenographic approach, this study explored Swedish pregnant and post-pregnant women's ways of making sense of smoking during pregnancy. A total of 17 women who either smoked throughout pregnancy or stopped smoking during pregnancy were interviewed. Five different story types of how they are making sense of smoking during pregnancy were identified: smoking can be justified; will stop later; my smoking might hurt the baby; smoking is just given up; smoking must be taken charge of. Based on the study it is argued that the approach used in health education in relation to smoking cessation in antenatal care needs to move from information transfer and advice-giving to the creation of a dialogue. The starting point should be the woman's knowledge, concerns, rationalizations and prejudices. A model is suggested in which a woman may move in a space on three axes depending on life encounters, dialogue and reflections on meaning. The goal in health education would be to encourage movement along three axes: 'increase of self-efficacy towards control', 'increase awareness by reflection on meaning of the smoking issue' and 'avoidance of defense of the smoking behavior'.

In 1989 the University of Central Queensland, Faculty of Health Science, committed itself to a major instructional development project for its nursing education program. This thesis is a case study report documenting and analysing the management of the resulting project, funded by both the National Priority Reserve Fund (NPRF) and the University, to develop computer-based learning materials. This study examines the project and its management from the perspective of the project participants to demonstrate the motivation for some of the decisions and their consequences. The study highlights some of the deficiencies of the project and its management, how they were resolved, and their consequences. Initially the study was seen as simply descriptive, using qualitative techniques that allowed the participants to describe the process and its results. As the project, and this study, progressed it became increasingly obvious that the participants were involved in changing a system where the most obvious challenge was change itself. The changes experienced were not only technological, but included a redefinition of the nursing education program, new roles and directions for the University, and the necessity to adapt to new management techniques and structures. This study includes excerpts from interviews with almost all of the staff and project students engaged in the first two years of the Health Science project, selected nursing students from the pre-registration program, staff and administrators from other areas of the University, and individuals involved as computer suppliers and consultants to the Project. Another source of data was the documentation generated by the operation and management of the project. This documentation included formal project papers and reports as well as day-to-day memorandums, electronic mail messages and other correspondence, formal and informal. This study was not intended to judge the success of the CAL/CML activities within the faculty of Health Science. Inevitably, however, participants and observers ask whether the activities were a success. The response has been mixed, and may depend upon the respondent's degree of involvement in the CAL/CML activities. From a short term perspective: o all of the staff and students use computers regularly, o many of the staff are involved in developing computer-based instructional materials, and o some staff are using the available tools to develop courseware that is very different from standard Health Science materials. As well, from its own budget Health Science funds computer support positions and infrastructure (hardware, software and network) upgrading. It is budgeting for an additional student lab, and has begun investigating multimedia applications. As the CAL/CML Academic Coordinator (1993, personal communication, 23 February) indicated: In hindsight, we've done at least two-thirds of what we started out to do-and the base is there-staff are committed to CAL. Some of them will never do any CAL development themselves, but they are all committed… The real benefit is to the students. They are getting the benefit of the materials developed and in the pipeline… and the materials and ideas are being taken elsewhere, through consultancies, etc. Issues addressed in the study include the novice's fear of computers, the use of electronic mail and related network services, the timing of change, project management, and staffing. Staffing issues include the use of students as technical experts, the acceptance of non-nursing staff in the development of nursing education materials, and the roles of academic and general staff in the development of instructional materials. The strategic direction provided through the CAL/CML Project faltered as staff size increased and institutional priorities changed. The challenge for Health Science is to develop a new strategic plan that takes into account the current institutional priorities, student needs, and technological realities. The strategic plan must provide a blueprint for the future that is sufficiently flexible to adapt to changing circumstances, people, budgets, and technologies. Finally, the Faculty must look at the form of its management as one of the strategies for achieving its goals. The conventional management structures of a hospital or teaching institute may not be appropriate for managing change in a technology-based organisation where change is constant.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July, 18, 2008). Research advisor: Anjaparavanda Naren, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xv, 72 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-72).

Histidine-rich protein from newborn rat epidermis has been further characterized. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea demonstrated dissociation of the protein, a possible oligomeric series, and one major band with two minor bands of the, pH 5.0 precipitate. Amino acid analysis correlated well with previous analyses (except for lower levels of histidine), while the amino acids of high content increased with purification. Sedimentation coefficients and molecular weights determined by ultracentribfugation of all monomers and the residual tissue in histidine-rich protein were in agreement with estimates from gel filtration chromatography. Lower values were obtained for keratohyalin granule proteins. Isoelectric focusing indicated diisoelectric properties of the protein. A molecular model of deamidation is presented in an attempt to explain this property.

Two isozymes of triosephosphate isomerase have been isolated to homogeneity from human placenta. Triosephosphate isomerase A and triosephosphate isomerase B were compared in terms of their chemical, and biological properties.