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In order to stop rising health care expenditures, 81 villagers and their health professionals were interviewed about their medical knowledge (aeteology, symptoms, treatment, illness length, necessity to consult a doctor, etc.) and health care practices concerning common respiratory illnesses. According to informants, sniffles, cough, flu, common cold, sore throat/tonsillitis, bronchitis and sinusitis are the most common respiratory illnesses. All of them are regarded to be caused by several mechanisms of getting cold and/or wet. Despite the general disbelief in the germ theory and the prevention of contagion among household members, informants have an extensive knowledge about effective treatments and consult health professionals when home-remedies fail or a doctor's excuse is needed. Due to the effectiveness of home-treatments and self-containment of most common respiratory infections, this study concludes that health insurance companies should restrict the reimbursement of prescriptions for Bagatellmedizin, inhalation apparatus and home-remedies.

The purpose of this study was to determine salient demographic characteristics of women who exhibited prompt or self-delay behavior for treatment of breast cancer symptoms. The population for this study consisted of 224 adult females between the ages of 25 and 82, residents of Arizona, who were participants in the Self Help Intervention Project: Breast Cancer Treatment Study conducted at The University of Arizona, College of Nursing. The instrument used in this study was the Demographic Data form devised by Carrie Jo Braden, Ph.D., R.N. Women who sought prompt follow up treatment for breast cancer symptoms showed significant differences from those who did not seek prompt help in age, employment, social support, and ethnicity. Significant differences for women who self-delayed treatment from those who did not self-delay were age, education, and ethnicity.

This study investigated the differences in perceptions held by Directors and Medical Technologists of a specific personality type regarding the importance of 5 job satisfaction factors. The research problem specifically required that an investigation be conducted to determine if a profile which combines personality type and occupational status could be used to determine what factor(s) provide the most job satisfaction. Six hypotheses were examined: (1) There is no difference in perceptions held by the four dominant personality types for Directors and Medical Technologists respectively regarding the importance of work on present job as a factor in job satisfaction. (2) There is no difference in perceptions held by the four dominant personality types for Directors and Medical Technologists respectively regarding the importance of present pay as a factor in job satisfaction. (3) There is no difference in perceptions held by the four dominant personality types for Directors and Medical Technologists respectively regarding the importance of opportunities for promotion as a factor in job satisfaction. (4) There is no difference in perceptions held by the four dominant personality types for Directors and Medical Technologists respectively regarding the importance of supervision as a factor in job satisfaction. (5) There is no difference in perceptions held by the four dominant personality types for Directors and Medical Technologists respectively regarding the importance of co-workers as a factor in job satisfaction. (6) There is no difference in perceptions held by the Laboratory Directors & Medical technologists regarding the five job satisfaction factors (work, pay, promotional opportunities, supervision & co-workers). / Data were obtained from 111 randomly selected Directors and Medical Technologists employed in various laboratory settings Hospitals, clinics, private laboratories, blood banks, reference laboratories) throughout the state of Florida. / Four dominant personality types were determined by taking counts and frequency percentage distribution for the responding Directors and Medical Technologists in this study. The four dominant personality types for the Directors were: ISTJ, ESTJ, INTJ and ENTJ. The four dominant personality types for the Medical Technologists were: it ISTJ, ESTJ, ISFJ and ENFJ. / Overall, there were no differences in perceptions of the Laboratory Directors and Medical Technologists who participated in this study regarding the five factors of job satisfaction. Both groups were moderately satisfied with the factors work, pay and promotional opportunities. In addition, both groups had low levels of satisfaction for the factors supervision and co-workers. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-05, Section: B, page: 1789. / Major Professor: Hollie Thomas. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

<p> Child Life Specialists are integral members of the medical team and work directly with medical staff to provide support and end-of-life care and interventions to critically ill patients and their families; however there is no research regarding how Child Life Specialist copes with the death of a patient. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Child Life Specialists cope with the death of a patient in the hospital setting, and which factors influence how they cope with the death of a patient. The current study surveyed 106 Certified Child Life Specialists [CCLSs] and how they coped with the death of a patient. Results revealed factors such as length of time working with patient, relationship with patient and family, bereavement training and end-of-life interventions such as memory making and legacy building, were all factors that influenced how the CCLS coped with the death of a patient. Results conclude that future research would allow for a more in-depth understanding and analysis of how CCLS cope with the death of a patient in the hospital setting.</p><p> <i>Keywords:</i> Medical professionals, coping, death, bereavement </p>

<p> Objective: Studies have shown that people often report stigma as a barrier to entering treatment for substance related conditions. This study attempted to determine whether if using stigmatizing language when referring to individuals with substance related conditions would perpetuate stigmatizing attitudes among social worker and other behavioral health professionals.</p><p> Methods: Participants were asked to read a vignette that contained one of two terms substance abuser or substance use disorder to rate their agreement with a number of related statements. <i>N</i> = 65, Master's level Social workers (25%) and other behavioral health professionals (75%). A likert-scale questionnaire with three subscales (perpetuator-punishment, victim-treatment, and social threat) was used to assessed whether the character was a social threat, able to regulate substance use, and should receive punitive or treatment option.</p><p> Results: No significant differences were found on the social-treat or victim treatment subscales. However, a difference was detected on the perpetuator-punishment scale. Those who responded to the substance abuser vignette in specialization Other were more likely to perceive the character as culpable.</p><p> Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that there is chance that it may matter how we refer to individuals with problematic substance and/or alcohol use. The term substance abuser may influence stigmatizing attitudes. </p>

Clinical trial informed consent is one of the most pressing issues of research ethics. As the Western world moves toward a harmonization of clinical research practices, scholars and clinical researchers have begun to discuss methods that can adequately assure a more valid clinical research informed consent process. One resource for insight and guidance on the issue of clinical trial informed consent is the theologically trained medical ethicist. Because of the theological and philosophical explications on love and justice that are emphasized in their training, such individuals are uniquely qualified to address the institutional and individual parameters inherent in the clinical trial informed consent process. These parameters are grounded in the clinical trial informed consent paradigm categories of recruitment of potential subjects, the "stranger" or "outsider" status of the potential subject, and the notion of clinical trials as endeavors of human experimentation. The argument for a unique qualification in this field relies upon the affinity found between these component categories of the clinical trial informed consent paradigm and the love and justice explications of Paul Ramsey and John Rawls. Specifically, these explications are concerned with the notions of care for the stranger and justice in institutional structures.