Idag börjar personliga tränare kännas igen som en stor del av friskvården och har nu uppmärksammats vara en resurs för att främja hälsa. Syftet med detta arbete är att studera personliga tränares erfarenhet av hälsa när det kommer till utbildning, sin egen hälsa och hälsa i relation till sitt yrke. Det genomfördes fem individuella intervjuer med personliga tränare för att samla in material. Intervjuerna transkriberades och resultatet tematiserades där kärncitat valdes ut för att illustrera var tema. Resultatet analyserades och diskuterades utifrån dessa teman med en teoretisk utgångspunkt komponerad genom begrepp av Pierre Bourdieu. Resultatet av intervjuerna visar på en helhetsyn av hälsa. Hälsan ses som en resurs för att kunna leva livet. Den hälsa de olika personliga tränarna upplever är något som formats under livs- och yrkeserfarenhet. Under sina utbildningar till PT (personlig tränare) upplevde ingen av informanterna att deras syn på hälsa förändrades. Det fanns även en frånvaro i utbildningarna av vad hälsa är. Det framgår att hälsoarbetet är en strävan efter att må bra. Detta genom att finna det som gör att en mår bra men även finna det som skapar ohälsa och behandla detta. Personliga tränare jobbar med ett helhetsperspektiv på hälsa. Det framgår även att de under sina respektive utbildningar inte erhöll något lärande i vad hälsa är eller innebär. Under utbildningarna förändrades inte heller deras syn på hälsa. I arbetet med sina klienter framgår det att de både jobbar utifrån vad som skapar hälsa respektive ohälsa, men att det som skapar hälsa är i fokus. Den breda synen på hälsa kan bidra i hälsoarbetet då den erbjuder möjligheten att lättare identifiera påverkningsfaktorer av hälsa respektive ohälsa hos kunderna.

Millions of men, as a result of the natural aging process, injury, illness, and medical therapies, experience a decline in testosterone levels that necessitate a need for testosterone supplementation therapy (TST). The signs and symptoms of testosterone decline may occur gradually, and low testosterone levels may be misdiagnosed as other medical conditions. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in testing of testosterone levels and the use of TST. With so many men now on TST, it is essential for health care professionals to know the signs and symptoms, the causes of testosterone decline, how testosterone deficiency is diagnosed, what pathological changes are associated with testosterone decline, and the benefits and risks of TST. In addition, health care providers need to be aware of the various forms of testosterone available as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. This article provides a brief overview of testosterone deficiency, TST treatment options and guidelines, and the risks and benefits associated with of TST.

Employers adopt worksite health promotions to reduce the incidence of preventable diseases, reduce healthcare costs, reduce absenteeism and presenteeism, and improve productivity. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the motivational factors affecting employee participation in employer-sponsored health awareness programs. The theory of planned behavior grounded the study and formed the conceptual framework. Data collection occurred through semistructured interviews with 24 participants in the northeastern United States with lived experiences in worksite health promotion. Participants answered open-ended interview questions regarding the motivations for engaging in health promotions. Data were transcribed and coded for trends and themes. During data analyses, 4 themes emerged, which included program recruitment and notification, employer commitment, employee motivations, and incentives and rewards. The implications for positive social change include the potential for employers incorporating the results to instigate enhanced employee participation in employer-sponsored health awareness programs. Higher employee rates of participation may aid employers in achieving the established benefits of worksite health promotion and may contribute to improving the health of employees.

Title: What explains variability in blood pressure readings? Multilevel analysis of data from 8,731 older adults in 20 Ontario Communities Objectives: Despite universal healthcare and drug coverage for adults aged 65 and over in Ontario, hypertension, a treatable condition, remains uncontrolled among many older adults. Moreover, there are geographic disparities in blood pressure and hypertension within and across Canadian provinces and territories. Using baseline data collected on 8,731 older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) in 20 randomly selected Ontario communities, we investigated associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and individual- and community-level characteristics, controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medications. Method: Older adults were recruited via invitation by local family physicians, public advertising and word of mouth to attend community pharmacy sessions. During the sessions, trained older adult volunteers assisted participants to complete a cardiovascular disease risk factor questionnaire and blood pressure assessments using an automated blood pressure measuring device. The Postal Code Conversion File Plus was used to confirm residence within one of the 20 study communities. A multilevel linear regression analysis with participants nested within communities was used to determine which individual- and/or community-level characteristics were associated with measured systolic blood pressure level controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medication. Results: 4,706 participants (53.9%) reported the use of blood pressure medication. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels varied among the 20 communities from 128.1 mmHg to 134.7 mmHg for participants not using blood pressure medication and from 131.9 mmHg to 139.0 mmHg for participants using blood pressure medication. The intraclass correlation coefficients were very small: less than 0.2% of the total variance was between communities. Among participants not using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual- level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index , smoking, physical activity, stress, fruit/vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption and the following community-level characteristics: community size, community growth and the Rurality Index. Among participants using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual-level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, fruit/vegetable intake, alcohol intake and one community-level characteristic: community size. The significance and magnitude of these associations were modified by the use of blood pressure medication. Conclusion: The majority of the variability in blood pressure occurs at the individual-level. There are specific individual- and community-level factors that explain variability in blood pressure readings among communities. These results can be used to inform health promotion strategies to decrease mean levels of blood pressure among older adults.

Title: What explains variability in blood pressure readings? Multilevel analysis of data from 8,731 older adults in 20 Ontario Communities Objectives: Despite universal healthcare and drug coverage for adults aged 65 and over in Ontario, hypertension, a treatable condition, remains uncontrolled among many older adults. Moreover, there are geographic disparities in blood pressure and hypertension within and across Canadian provinces and territories. Using baseline data collected on 8,731 older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) in 20 randomly selected Ontario communities, we investigated associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and individual- and community-level characteristics, controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medications. Method: Older adults were recruited via invitation by local family physicians, public advertising and word of mouth to attend community pharmacy sessions. During the sessions, trained older adult volunteers assisted participants to complete a cardiovascular disease risk factor questionnaire and blood pressure assessments using an automated blood pressure measuring device. The Postal Code Conversion File Plus was used to confirm residence within one of the 20 study communities. A multilevel linear regression analysis with participants nested within communities was used to determine which individual- and/or community-level characteristics were associated with measured systolic blood pressure level controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medication. Results: 4,706 participants (53.9%) reported the use of blood pressure medication. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels varied among the 20 communities from 128.1 mmHg to 134.7 mmHg for participants not using blood pressure medication and from 131.9 mmHg to 139.0 mmHg for participants using blood pressure medication. The intraclass correlation coefficients were very small: less than 0.2% of the total variance was between communities. Among participants not using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual- level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index , smoking, physical activity, stress, fruit/vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption and the following community-level characteristics: community size, community growth and the Rurality Index. Among participants using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual-level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, fruit/vegetable intake, alcohol intake and one community-level characteristic: community size. The significance and magnitude of these associations were modified by the use of blood pressure medication. Conclusion: The majority of the variability in blood pressure occurs at the individual-level. There are specific individual- and community-level factors that explain variability in blood pressure readings among communities. These results can be used to inform health promotion strategies to decrease mean levels of blood pressure among older adults.

Title: What explains variability in blood pressure readings? Multilevel analysis of data from 8,731 older adults in 20 Ontario Communities Objectives: Despite universal healthcare and drug coverage for adults aged 65 and over in Ontario, hypertension, a treatable condition, remains uncontrolled among many older adults. Moreover, there are geographic disparities in blood pressure and hypertension within and across Canadian provinces and territories. Using baseline data collected on 8,731 older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) in 20 randomly selected Ontario communities, we investigated associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and individual- and community-level characteristics, controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medications. Method: Older adults were recruited via invitation by local family physicians, public advertising and word of mouth to attend community pharmacy sessions. During the sessions, trained older adult volunteers assisted participants to complete a cardiovascular disease risk factor questionnaire and blood pressure assessments using an automated blood pressure measuring device. The Postal Code Conversion File Plus was used to confirm residence within one of the 20 study communities. A multilevel linear regression analysis with participants nested within communities was used to determine which individual- and/or community-level characteristics were associated with measured systolic blood pressure level controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medication. Results: 4,706 participants (53.9%) reported the use of blood pressure medication. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels varied among the 20 communities from 128.1 mmHg to 134.7 mmHg for participants not using blood pressure medication and from 131.9 mmHg to 139.0 mmHg for participants using blood pressure medication. The intraclass correlation coefficients were very small: less than 0.2% of the total variance was between communities. Among participants not using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual- level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index , smoking, physical activity, stress, fruit/vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption and the following community-level characteristics: community size, community growth and the Rurality Index. Among participants using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual-level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, fruit/vegetable intake, alcohol intake and one community-level characteristic: community size. The significance and magnitude of these associations were modified by the use of blood pressure medication. Conclusion: The majority of the variability in blood pressure occurs at the individual-level. There are specific individual- and community-level factors that explain variability in blood pressure readings among communities. These results can be used to inform health promotion strategies to decrease mean levels of blood pressure among older adults.

Title: What explains variability in blood pressure readings? Multilevel analysis of data from 8,731 older adults in 20 Ontario Communities Objectives: Despite universal healthcare and drug coverage for adults aged 65 and over in Ontario, hypertension, a treatable condition, remains uncontrolled among many older adults. Moreover, there are geographic disparities in blood pressure and hypertension within and across Canadian provinces and territories. Using baseline data collected on 8,731 older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) in 20 randomly selected Ontario communities, we investigated associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and individual- and community-level characteristics, controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medications. Method: Older adults were recruited via invitation by local family physicians, public advertising and word of mouth to attend community pharmacy sessions. During the sessions, trained older adult volunteers assisted participants to complete a cardiovascular disease risk factor questionnaire and blood pressure assessments using an automated blood pressure measuring device. The Postal Code Conversion File Plus was used to confirm residence within one of the 20 study communities. A multilevel linear regression analysis with participants nested within communities was used to determine which individual- and/or community-level characteristics were associated with measured systolic blood pressure level controlling for self-reported use of blood pressure medication. Results: 4,706 participants (53.9%) reported the use of blood pressure medication. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels varied among the 20 communities from 128.1 mmHg to 134.7 mmHg for participants not using blood pressure medication and from 131.9 mmHg to 139.0 mmHg for participants using blood pressure medication. The intraclass correlation coefficients were very small: less than 0.2% of the total variance was between communities. Among participants not using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual- level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index , smoking, physical activity, stress, fruit/vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption and the following community-level characteristics: community size, community growth and the Rurality Index. Among participants using blood pressure medication, SBP was associated with the following individual-level characteristics: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, fruit/vegetable intake, alcohol intake and one community-level characteristic: community size. The significance and magnitude of these associations were modified by the use of blood pressure medication. Conclusion: The majority of the variability in blood pressure occurs at the individual-level. There are specific individual- and community-level factors that explain variability in blood pressure readings among communities. These results can be used to inform health promotion strategies to decrease mean levels of blood pressure among older adults.

The research study focuses on the Factors influencing Consumer Purchasing Behavior of Organic Skin Care Products in Sri Lanka. The researched has carried out a quantitative study using a structured questionnaire taking the sample size as the customers who are in the Western Province of Sri Lanka.Customer knowledge and value have an association on purchase intent, according to the study. As a result, it's clear that product knowledge, prior experience, environmental awareness, and health awareness all play a role in customers' decisions to buy organic skincare products in Sri Lanka. The study's findings aid top executives in setting strategic goals while concentrating on new product positioning areas that improve financial performance. As a result of this research, organic products can be tailored to meet the needs of customers, encouraging them to adopt a more organic lifestyle.

The University of Ottawa (UO) has been dealing with a mental health crisis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate UO students’ knowledge, awareness, and use of mental health services (MHS) and to address limited research on knowledge of on-campus MHS. A cross-sectional online, bilingual, survey was administered to 235 UO students over 18 years old and registered at the university since Fall 2019. Data analysis included descriptive data, categorical analysis, and inductive thematic analysis. Awareness and use of services varied depending on the services in question. 48.9% of students only heard about the services but could not explain them. 57.4% would use a service if in distress and those who would not mainly point to Use of other methods and Lack of information as their reasons. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts of improving UO community’s mental wellbeing.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ungdomar som tränar upplever att fitness-influencers på YouTube påverkar deras hälsobeteenden. Detta för att på så sätt bidra med kunskap åt samhället om den konkreta effekt som marknadsföringen av träning och kost har på sociala mediekanaler för att börja täcka det forskningsgap som berör hälsorelaterade beteenden. Metod: Vid insamling av empiri användes en kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet analyserades utifrån det teoretiska ramverket om influencermarknadsföring, parasociala relationer, electronic word-of-mouth och tvåstegshypotesen samt tidigare forskning om hälsobeteenden på sociala medier. Slutsats: Respondenterna påvisade en medvetenhet om den påverkan som influencers har på deras motivation kring hälsa, träning och kost. Majoriteten ser både för- och nackdelar med sociala medieinfluencers då de kan bidra med motivation samtidigt som det framkommer att de även kan leda till minskad motivation. Fitnessinfluencers kan påverka ungdomar till att variera sin kost på ett mer hälsosamt sätt. Det framkommer även att fitness-influencers kan bidra med kunskap inom träning och kost vilket följarna kan ta lärdom av. Det delade innehållet hos fitness-influencers har däremot även visats kunna ha negativa hälsoutfall då det kan leda till upplevd hets för respondenterna. Parasociala relationer är en betydande faktor då följare med dessa relationer till influencers kan se dem som förebilder som kan bidra med motivation och inspiration till mer hälsosamma beteenden. Den påverkan som dessa relationer kan ha är dock inte avgörande, utan det är enligt respondenterna den egna disciplinen som är det viktigaste. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how adolescents experience that fitness-influencers on YouTube influence their health behaviors. This to contribute knowledge for the society about the concrete effect which the marketing of exercise and diet has on social media platforms regarding bridging the gap related to healthy behaviors. Method: While collecting empirical data, a qualitative method was used in the form of semi-structured interviews. The empirical material was analyzed based on the theoretical framework of influencer marketing, parasocial relationships, electronic word-of-mouth, the two-step flow theory and earlier studies about health behaviors on social media. Conclusions: The respondents demonstrate an awareness of the impact that influencers have on their motivation regarding their health, exercise and diet. The majority see both advantages and disadvantages of social media influencers as they can contribute with motivation at the same time as it emerges that they can also lead to reduced motivation. Fitness influencers can influence young people to a more varied diet in a healthier way. It also appears that fitness influencers can contribute knowledge about health and exercise, which the followers can learn from. However, the shared content of fitness influencers also appears to have negative health outcomes as it can lead to negative body perceptions. Parasocial relationships are a significant factor as followers who experience these relationships with influencers can perceive them as role models who can contribute with motivation and inspiration for healthier behaviors. However, the impact that these relationships can have, is not the most crucial since the own discipline is explained to be the most important factor according to the respondents.