This thesis addresses problems of occurance of most frequent function disorders in children of younger school age. The research was carried out in total of twenty four classrooms at elementary schools in Strakonice, and total of 402 children took part in it.The goal was to conduct quality literature search based on the study of expert Czech as well as foreign literature. It was followed by getting a consent of school principals, class teachers and parents to carry out research which would use standardized tests for examintaion of posture. A part of parents' consent was also a questionnare in which the parents provided height, weight and sport activity of their children. Collected data were entered into tables and evaluated in charts. Overall results showed different values of posture classification. According to Jaroš and Lomíček's method 20% of children had perfect posture, 73% good posture and 7% poor posture. Matthias' test showed 63% good posture and 37% poor posture. Evaluation of lower limbs came up with surprising discovery. Flat feet, varus or valgus were detected in 50 % of the research group. The research has confirmed importance of everyday physical activity and therapeutic exercise in fight against function disorders.

This graduation thesis deals with the occurrence of the most common functional disorders of the locomotor system in children in 5th grade at elementary schools in the district of Tábor. The research was implement on twenty-two primary schools. In total, 786 children from the 36th grade in the Tábor District were monitored and evaluated. The task of the thesis was the processing of literary research based on the study of Czech and foreign literature. In addition, obtaining the approval of school principals and pupils' parents to conduct research. As part of our research, we used the test method using standardized tests for examination of body posture, according to Matthias and Jaros and Lomicek. Part of the research was also the measurement of the pupils' weight and height and the subsequent calculation of the BMI index. The collected data were processed into tables and the frequency of the faults was evaluated in the graphs. Overall results showed different values of posture assessment. According to Jaros and Lomicek, nearly 20% of children had a perfect body posture, good 72%, badly less than 8%, and very bad holdings appeared in 1.5% of the investigated. Matthias's test showed nearly 70% of good body posture, 29% of pupil posture defective and 1% defective posture with fixed deviation. The most common functional disorders of this research group include primarily enlarged lumbar lordosis. This research has confirmed the importance of everyday physical activity and compensatory exercise in the fight against functional disorders.

The diploma thesis deals with determination the influence of targeted motion activity on formation the right body holding habit in primary school pupils (teenagers). The research was realized at 2nd primary school in Jindřichův Hradec among the pupils in the 7th grade. The aim of the research was to compile an experimental as well as a control group. Within these groups an entrance examination in a form of standardized functional tests for the body holding appraisal and finding out the shortening and weakening the muscles was accomplished. Subsequently, an exercise programme for supporting the right body holding and elimination of muscle unbalance for the period of 6 weeks was put together. Afterwards, a final appraisal of the experimental and the control group was accomplished (the identical with the entrance one). When comparing the entrance and final examination we found out that within the experimental group all the monitored parameters improved. There was no positive change of monitored parameters within the control group that was not involved in the exercise programme.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T13:18:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_GeneciMariaLonderoDuarte.pdf: 1676845 bytes, checksum: 2e9718214db89e0930a3480f30b71653 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_GeneciMariaLonderoDuarte.pdf: 1676845 bytes, checksum: 2e9718214db89e0930a3480f30b71653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Brazil presented important advancements concerning Public Policies to qualify the health care to homosexuals in the last decade. Nursing care in the health services must be offered in its integrality and individuality, ensuring a welcoming care to this population, guaranteeing their rights and prerogatives. However, homophobic prejudice is still an obstacle to the health promotion in this context. The present study aimed to know the conception of Nursing professionals about the quality of the health care provided to homosexual women. The research had a qualitative approach and 20 nursing professionals participated. Two focus groups and four semi-structured interviews were developed for the data collection in an inner city in Rio Grande do Sul between June and July 2016. The material obtained during the collection was recorded in audio and later fully transcribed for the content analysis. The results obtained were thought the Bardin analysis method. From this analysis two manuscript. Manuscript one: Perception of the Nursing Care to Homosexual Women; Manuscript two: Nursing Treatment to the Homosexual Woman: The Focus Group Technique as a Training Strategy to the Nursing Staff. There is a need for continuing education by the extension of knowledge aiming at the improvement of the Nursing assistance provided to this population. The focus group technique is a valuable resource, it can be used in the Nursing field for research purposes, collection of the Nursing staff needs and the construction of training programs in the continuing education. Thereby, it is necessary and important to include this thematic in the Nursing professionals’ education in addition to trainings that allow an appropriated care to the singularities of homosexual women. / Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil apresentou avanços importantes em termos de Políticas Públicas para qualificar o atendimento em saúde a homossexuais. Os cuidados de enfermagem, nos serviços de saúde devem ser ofertados na sua integralidade e individualidade, garantindo a essa população uma assistência acolhedora, assegurando seus direitos e prerrogativas. No entanto, preconceitos homofóbicos ainda são um obstáculo para a promoção de saúde nesse contexto. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a concepção dos profissionais de enfermagem em relação à qualidade do atendimento em saúde que é prestado às mulheres homossexuais A pesquisa teve um delineamento qualitativo, participaram vinte profissionais da área de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados foram realizados dois grupos focais e quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas, em uma cidade no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de junho a julho de 2016. O material obtido na coleta foi gravado em áudio e, posteriormente, transcrito na íntegra para a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos foram através do método de análise de Bardin. Desta análise revelaram dois manuscritos. Manuscrito 1. Percepção dos Cuidados da Enfermagem às Mulheres Homossexuais; Manuscrito 2. Atendimento de Enfermagem à Mulher Homossexual: Técnica do Grupo Focal como Estratégia de Capacitação à Equipe de Enfermagem. Dos resultados evidenciou-se necessário uma educação continuada, com vistas a uma melhoria na assistência prestada pela enfermagem a essa população. A técnica do grupo focal é um recurso valioso, podendo ser utilizado na área da enfermagem, com fins de pesquisa, levantamento de necessidades da equipe de enfermagem e elaboração de programas de capacitação na educação continuada, estes resultados surgiram por meio da realização da pesquisa Com isso, torna-se necessário e importante incluir esta temática na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, além de capacitações que viabilizem cuidados pertinentes às especificidades da mulher homossexual.

Orientador: Sergio Resende Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_GustavoNunesde_M.pdf: 1534911 bytes, checksum: 7dbbc72a277173f265e143e6c844b594 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a contribuição do Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) para a gestão da atenção individual e coletiva à saúde. O marco teórico parte de concepções da saúde coletiva e discussões sobre ciência e senso comum na pós-modernidade. Aborda possibilidades de mudanças nas práticas de saúde, enquanto práticas sociais, a partir do encontro entre sujeitos, na implementação de processos de singularização da atenção, tendo o PTS como modelo. Faz releitura dos processos de normalização da atenção, tendo como modelo a aplicação do conceito de risco probabilístico epidemiológico. Propõe a incorporação do conceito de vulnerabilidade às práticas de saúde. Avalia uma proposta de operacionalização do PTS tomando como material de análise dados coletados em atividades de educação permanente com trabalhadores da rede básica e no desenvolvimento de projetos terapêuticos em unidades de saúde. Os dados foram classificados e analisados com base nas categorias Sujeito, Singularidade e Autonomia. Os resultados permitem reflexões sobre teoria/práticas de saúde. Assinala limitações de projetos sanitários que privilegiam ações programáticas sustentadas unicamente na noção de risco, além de elaborar alternativas às práticas prescritivas objetivantes. Aponta a pertinência da incorporação do conceito de vulnerabilidade nas práticas e constata o valor de uso do arranjo/dispositivo PTS proposto na qualificação do trabalho em saúde voltado para co-produção de saúde e de sujeitos autônomos. Conclui apontando possibilidades, limites e dificuldades do PTS enquanto estratégia de reforma das práticas de gestão/atenção em saúde e questões que julgamos devedoras de novos estudos / Abstract: This study investigates the contribution of the Singular Therapeutic Project (PTS) for the management of the individual and collective attention to health. The adopted theoretical landmark departs from concepts of the Collective Health field and contentious positions about science and common sense in post-modernity. It addresses possibilities of changes in the social praxis on health issues, starting from citizens¿ group meetings to finally overlook the singular aspects of delivering individual processes of providing health care under the PTS model. It reviews the processes of standardization of health services, also using the probabilistic concept of risk from epidemiology. It proposes to encompass the concept of vulnerability to the health practices. It evaluates an application trial of the PTS model based on data collected from continuous education projects of the health workers and some case-analysis on therapeutic projects that they adopt to develop their own services at the primary health centers of the Brazilian Unified Health Services (SUS) network. The data was classified and analyzed based on categories as: Subject, Singularity and Autonomy. The results allow reflections about health theory/praxis and also point out to limitations of sanitary projects that are uniquely supported by the notion of risk, besides suggesting alternative practices. They also state the relevance of the adoption of the concept of vulnerability into the health services and bring about evidences of the PTS model value to promote capacity building for the health teams along with developing health promotion and autonomic concepts among citizens and health workers altogether. The conclusion points out possibilities, limits and difficulties of the PTS model, taken as a strategy to reform of health praxis components specially those directed to health policy and management of health services. These limits are taken as a framework that deserves additional studies / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Orientador: Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T17:22:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues-Ciacchi_ErikaMarafon_D.pdf: 10882265 bytes, checksum: 16e339f2207a1bf6337ba5f61b9ceee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda uma ação de educação alimentar e nutricional promovida pelo governo federal brasileiro, através de três Ministérios: do Desenvolvimento Social, Educação e Saúde, entre 2005 e 2006. Denominado Criança Saudável, Educação Dez, esse projeto estava voltado para alunos das primeiras quatro séries do ensino fundamental, com o uso de cartilhas em forma de histórias em quadrinhos, com os personagens de Monteiro Lobato no cenário do Sítio do Picapau Amarelo. No trabalho, a gênese e o desenvolvimento da ação são abordados através da descrição dos seus documentos e materiais e a contextualização dos papéis desempenhados pelos seus mentores institucionais. Utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, com amplo recurso a depoimentos e entrevistas. Do ponto de vista teórico, a compreensão do projeto articula-se aos conceitos de campo intelectual e científico subsidiados por P. Bourdieu, num contexto de bloco histórico referido por A. Gramsci e do discurso competente por M. Chauí. A pesquisa mostrou que essa ação teve pontos frágeis e pontos fortes. Ela não desenvolveu uma prática capaz de convidar ao diálogo profundo e necessário os setores envolvidos, pelo uso de abordagens educativas condicionantes, instrucionais, ou seja, de transmissão de conhecimento, pela ausência de uma reflexão transdisciplinar maior por parte dos Ministérios envolvidos. Entretanto, considero positivas as parcerias interministeriais firmadas, embora de bases frágeis, pela inovação na reunião de atores intersetoriais na elaboração da ação. A realização de duas pesquisas de avaliação, uma institucional e outra externa também se apresentou como relevante no processo do projeto. A análise da gênese e evolução do projeto Criança Saudável, Educação Dez, dada na articulação dos ministérios com empresas do terceiro setor revelou que existe uma concentração de poder para realização de práticas educativas em saúde nas instâncias governamentais, na análise desse estudo, em detrimento da autonomia e independência da sociedade civil na participação e condução dessas ações. / Abstract: This thesis discusses an action of food and nutrition education promoted by the brazilian federal government, through three ministries: Social Development, Health and Education, between 2005 and 2006. Called "Criança Saudável, Educação Dez", this project was aimed at students from the first four grades of elementary school, with the use of primers in the form of comics, with the characters of Monteiro Lobato in the setting of Sítio do Picapau Amarelo. At work, the genesis and development of the action are addressed through the description of their documents and materials and contextualization of the roles played by its institutional mentors. We used a qualitative methodology, with extensive use of statements and interviews. From the theoretical point of view, understanding the project articulates the concepts of the intellectual and scientific field subsidized by P. Bourdieu, in a context of historical bloc reported by A. Gramsci and competent discourse by M. Chauí. The research showed that this action had bad points and good points. Among the bad ones, I should say that the project's practice wasn't able to deepen the necessary dialogue between the engaged sectors, because of the use of strictly conditioning educational approaches that is a transmission of knowledge and because of the lack of a larger transdisciplinary reflection among the involved Ministries. However, among the good points I deem the good partnerships between ministries that were established (although on weak ground), by innovating in meeting actors along the development of that multi-sector action. Two evaluation surveys, an institutional one and an external one are very relevant too. My analysis of the rise and evolution of the project "Criança Saudável, Educação Dez", engaging ministries and third sector companies shows that government agencies are highly empowered when they carry health education programs, and that depresses the autonomy and independence of civil society participation and agency. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

The relationship of culture and healthcare plays an important role in the success of health care access for everyone. In recent decades, the United States has opened its door to welcome not only refugees and immigrants from Europe, but also from other countries all over the world. Coming to the United States, these ethnic groups must overcome many problems to adjust to the American healthcare system. Meanwhile, American health providers not only misunderstand their refugees and immigrant clients' culture, but also want them to conform to the requirement of purely biomedical treatment. The result is that access to healthcare for immigrant groups in the United States is likely to be difficult because of significant cultural differences between the clients and healthcare provider. This research used in depth-interviews, participant observations, and a case study to explore the interaction between culture and healthcare for Vietnamese refugee and immigrant adults and elderly living in the Greater Springfield, Massachusetts area; the level of their involvement in the American healthcare and in traditional healthcare; the extent of integration of American healthcare and traditional healthcare; the obstacles they face in accessing and using American healthcare; and the importance of health education in successful healthcare access. Theories of acculturation, such as Models of Acculturation (Padilla, 1980) and Health Care System Model (Kleinman, 1978a) were used to process the study data to determine the extent of the influence of culture on the effectiveness of healthcare. Finally, based on data analysis, I explain how Vietnamese refugee and immigrant adults and elderly acculturate to the American healthcare system, and make recommendations for improving healthcare for them, as well as for other ethnic groups throughout America.

Individuals with advance-stage illnesses frequently face illness or treatment-related adverse effects in the mouth. These adverse effects can have serious consequences. Despite that, the importance of oral care in this population is often overlooked and there are no definitive guidelines as to what kind of oral care should be provided to these individuals. Given that, our study aims were to explore and better understand the oral health-related concerns, perceived oral care needs of palliative care patients and the berries that face in accessing dental care services. We conducted a qualitative description study by recruiting a purposive sample of 11 participants with advanced stage health conditions from the outpatient palliative care services of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. All interviews were fully transcribed, with the data managed with Atlas.ti software to facilitate the analysis. All participants had oral concerns although they varied widely from person to person and their illness statuses. The most significant concerns were related to dry mouth, loose dentures, and eating difficulties. Among those who stated that they would seek dental care if required, they were not planning on seeking dental care even though they had treatable oral problems, suggesting a mismatch between their oral health status and their perceived needs. The frequently observed barriers that prevented them from seeking dental care were their illness and illness related priorities, finances, feeling discriminated against by the dentist, and a dislike towards the dentist. Providing information to the palliative care clinicians about the significance of oral health and its impact, incorporating a dental care provider in palliative care team, and providing timely information to individuals with advanced health conditions may enhance the understanding of their oral health problems and help them better manage their oral health and may enhance their dental care seeking behavior.

The thesis deals with the topic of safety and health protection of pre-school children. It focuses on education opportunities for children in nursery school. The aim of the work is to highlight the importance of health and safety education for pre-school-age children and to propose the subsequent possible implementation of a project called Safe in danger into the education of pre- school-age children. The work summaries theoretical knowledge about the developmental peculiarities of a child of pre-school age and possible risks of accidents. There is a condensed legislative framework that is binding on pre-school education, which implies principles for the safety and health of children and presents the expected outcomes formulated in the Framework Education Programme for pre-school education in the area. The theoretical section points to an investigation in the field of selected issues by the Czech School Inspection and presents an overview of programs, projects and materials that can be used to educate children on this issue. The empirical part of the work uses the method of action research. It includes a questionnaire survey, an analysis of school documents that lead to the safety and health of children in nursery school and the design of the project. At the end of the research, due to the...

Introduction: Education of physiotherapists still fails to meet the health and social needs of society. One instrument to steer change in health sciences education is a re-designed curriculum. The overall intent of this study was to develop standards of competencies, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment, for an undergraduate community physiotherapy curriculum in South Africa. The grounding for this research was pragmatism. The Six-step model for curriculum development and the Clinical Prevention and Population Health Curriculum framework guided the research process and main analysis. Methods : A sequential mixed method design was used. First, a two-phase parallel situation analysis was conducted which included a qualitative document analysis of community physiotherapy curricula of the eight physiotherapy university departments in South Africa and a review of health policy documents. The experience of 12 purposively selected physiotherapists who had completed a compulsory community service year was qualitatively explored through interviews within an appreciative inquiry stance. In phase 2, input was gained from physiotherapists, from all ecological levels, on the community physiotherapy curriculum through a Delphi study. Three rounds were used. Round 1 explored the roles of physiotherapy in community health, round 2 quantified consensus in overarching competency domains, and round 3 gathered learning and teaching, and assessment, strategies to gain these competencies. Results : All eight universities had gaps in their community physiotherapy curriculum and were variedly aligned with South African health policies and health profile. Graduates need to be able to provide physiotherapy over the lifespan, to conditions mirroring the quadruple burden of disease, in settings varying from hospitals to homes of clients, with emphasis on health education and promotion within an interprofessional team. They must be prepared for suboptimal practice environments and to utilise the compulsory community service year as a gateway in professional development. Graduates need resilience to cope during the year and awareness about the importance of identifying a mentor in the frequent absence of a profession-specific supervisor. Community physiotherapy needs three core knowledge and skill sets; i.e. clinical physiotherapy, population health and community development. Consensus of 70%+ was gained on competency criteria in the domains of the following professional roles: clinician, professional, communicator and collaborator, scholar, health promoter, public health practitioner, community developer (change agent), and manager/leader. Service-learning was identified as a strategy to develop these roles supported by learning and assessment portfolios. Reflection in different formats – essays, presentations, case analysis, projects such as community wellness programmes, diaries - is a core activity to facilitate learning. A range of complementary strategies were suggested that included direct observation, role-play, and journal clubs. Core to assessment for professional competencies is for the students to be able to give evidence of their own learning (e.g. in a portfolio or oral examination) and to get frequent formative feedback. Conclusion : The physiotherapy profession is important for improving the health status of the South African population. Physiotherapy students should be educated to take on relevant professional roles through the application of appropriate educational standards. The study recommends that the curriculum standards be implemented and evaluated and that the application of complex theory in the further development and implementation of the curriculum be investigated. Lastly, future research in the generic professional domains, such as public health and community development, should be interprofessional in nature. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Physiology / Unrestricted