Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl’s external genital organs are removed.  Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care. Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim. Eriksson, Birkler, Dahlberg and Segersten’s nursing theory was used as background in the discussion. Results: The analysis process resulted in six categories: laws and guidelines, offence, communication, knowledge, vulnerability and nursing. The results showed that offence occur extensively against genitally mutilated women and the exposure of these women. The results also showed a strong need for knowledge, laws and guidelines. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to have a basic knowledge of female circumcision and clear guidelines to ensure good care. The nurse should also keep themselves updated of new research and search for knowledge to improve their care.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-142). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In order to make mental health care more accessible and even out the skewed distribution of services, policies were put in place to integrate mental health services into primary health care. For this to be effective, more trained mental health personnel needed to be employed in the public sphere as well as non-governmental and community organizations; and in state services. The BPsych degree which was instituted to meet this need has however, been plagued with controversy since its inception. This study aims to determine the employment patterns of BPsych graduates in the Western Cape so as to ascertain whether the expressed goals for establishing the degree, that is, addressing the need for primary mental health care workers, is in fact being met. Combinations of quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study. A self-constructed questionnaire was used for obtaining data. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and qualitative data was analysed by means of thematic content analysis. The quantitative data suggest that most of the respondents are employed and have completed the board exam. The majority of respondents are female and are employed within either community or NGO settings, or the private sector. Just over one third of respondents are employed as counsellors. A qualitative analysis of the data has suggested that the majority of employers are unaware of the category of registered counsellor. Respondents placed a large emphasis on the value of the practical component of the course. Based on the results obtained, one could argue that access to mental health care has not been significantly improved by the implementation of this category of registration.

Introduction: It was previously established that mental health workers in Rwanda experience secondary traumatic stress when working with trauma survivors. The effects of secondary traumatic stress can be serious and permanent in mental health workers when working with traumatized clients. It interferes with mental health worker’s ability to do their work effectively. Aim: This study aimed to explore STS and to develop an intervention model to manage secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers in Kigali, Rwanda. Methodology: This study was carried out into five cycles using action research approach. In the first cycles of the study a quantitative design was used to explore secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers in Rwanda. For this cycle, the particular aim was to determine the extent of the secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers in Rwanda. A total of 180 participants were selected using convenience sampling to be part of the quantitative study. In the second cycle of the study a qualitative design was used to explore mental health workers’ experiences of secondary traumatic stress. For this cycle 30 unstructured interviews were conducted. The third cycle aimed at developing the model to manage secondary traumatic stress. Action research approach was used in this phase. Experts from mental health services involved in the study were asked to participate in the study based on their availability as research team members. The fourth cycle of the study consisted of implementing the model in one mental health service and the fifth cycle consisted evaluation of the implementation of the model after six weeks period. The main aim of this cycle was an observation of the model implantation. Results: A diagrammatical model to manage secondary traumatic stress was developed by mental health professionals. In the model development cycle of the study, it emerged that there are very strong concurrence between the findings from experts in mental health care system and literature in terms of what needs to be included in the intervention model to manage secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers in Rwanda. The key elements to include in the model were based on preventive, evaluative and curative strategies to manage secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers in Rwanda. During the evaluation of the implementation, it emerged that participant noticed a change in coping strategies when facing the stressful incident in the practice. Recommendations: include an emphasis on more psychological support for mental health professional in their workplace and for more concrete aids such as supervision, guidelines on stress management on workplace, education on secondary traumatic stress management and implementation of counseling service for mental health workers. Conclusion: The model developed in the present study outlined different ways to manage STS at the individual, social and organizational levels. There is a need to translate the interventions to manage STS into active ongoing coping activities to be conducted at the individual, group and organizational levels. Organizational responses, such as creating a supportive organizational culture that acknowledges the potential for secondary traumatic stress, may help mental health workers to deal with workplace related secondary traumatic stress. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences at The Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2008. / Objective: To determine the current knowledge and perceptions of biokineticists with respect to the chiropractic profession in South Africa. Design: A descriptive design was utilized in a qualitative questionnaire in order to evaluate, in a structured manner, the knowledge and perceptions of biokineticists with respect to Chiropractic. Subjects: The total population size used in the study was 657 (response rate n=78; 11.87%). Outcome Measures: These were based on a questionnaire which addressed biokineticists knowledge of Chiropractic, interaction with Chiropractic, Chiropractic terminology and scope of Chiropractic practice. Results: Of the 657 questionnaires that were mailed, only 78 questionnaires were returned and this gave a response rate of 11.87%. The most frequent view or attitude towards chiropractic was that it had a valuable role in the health care system (64%). About 50% of the respondents believed chiropractors to be greatly competent in examination and diagnosis whilst 40% felt that chiropractors were moderately competent in examination and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the rate of communication between biokineticists and chiropractors was found to be quite high, in this study. All together, 67% of biokineticists had communicated with chiropractors. Of those that had communicated, the communication was rated as positive (94.4%). Of those who had referred patients to chiropractors, 41.8% had received treatment feedback reports and of those who had received reports, 68.8% said they were concise and valuable. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the mean knowledge score was 60%. Thus the overall knowledge of chiropractic was high. The only factor that significantly affected respondents’ knowledge was their self reported knowledge of chiropractic. In congruence with this, the most common attitude towards chiropractic was that it had a valuable role to play in the health care system (64%).

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

The premise of this research was focused on ascertaining how variables such as work environment, pay, supervision, co-workers and promotion impacts on job satisfaction of civil servants at an institution residing under the Department of Health in the Western Cape.

Bakgrund: Suicid är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och år 2014 var suicid dödsorsaken för 790 000 personer över hela världen. I Sverige, år 2014, var det över 1500 personer som begick suicid. Över 9 000 patienter i Sverige vårdas på sjukhus till följd av självskador, där suicidförsök räknas in. Sjuksköterskans attityd påverkar vårdandet av patienter.    Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att utforska sjuksköterskans attityd i förhållande till suicidnära patienter inom somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturöversikten utformades enligt Fribergs modell för allmän litteraturöversikt. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades och analyserades för att bilda resultatet i litteraturöversikten. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans attityd i förhållande till suicidnära patienter var generellt mer negativ än positiv. Flera förklaringar fanns som orsak till den negativa attityden; sjuksköterskans egna värderingssystem, sjuksköterskans ålder, sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att vårda suicidnära patienter och sjuksköterskans utbildningsbakgrund. Ju längre utbildning sjuksköterskan hade desto mer positiv attityd hade hen i förhållande till suicidnära patienter. Om sjuksköterskan var yngre än 45 år hade hen en mer positiv attityd. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån Paterson och Zderads humanistiska omvårdnadsteori där ”jag-du-relationen” är en del av deras teori. Teorin bygger på det mänskliga mötet mellan två individer och belyser hur viktigt det är att inte se nedvärderande på patienten. Att det behöver finnas en öppen dialog där patienten får utrymme att berätta om sin livsvärld, och uttrycka sina känslor, önskningar och vilja. / Background: Suicide is a global public health problem and in year 2014 it was 790 000 individuals that committed suicide. Suicide is one of the twenty most common reasons that citizens in the world die of. In Sweden, 2014, fifteen hundred individuals committed suicide. Over nine thousand patients in Sweden is hospitalized every year for deliberated self-harm, in which attempted suicide are included. Patients has experienced that nurses’ attitudes have an impact on their care when hospitalized after an attempted suicide.  Aim: The aim was to explore nurses’ attitudes towards suicidal patients within somatic care. Method: This literature review was conducted in accordance to Friberg. Ten scientific articles were included and has been analyzed to constitute the result. Results: Nurses’ attitudes towards suicidal patients was in general mostly negative. Several explanations were found for nurses’ attitudes; nurses’ valuation system, nurses’ age, experience of caring for suicidal patients and nurses’ educational background. The longer education nurses’ had the more positive were they in their attitude towards suicidal patients. Absence of experience contributed to a more negative attitude. Attitudes of nurses were more negative if they were older than 45 years. Discussion: The result of this literature review has been discussed from Paterson and Zderads’ humanistic nursing theory which includes the "Me-you relationship." Based on the human encounter between two individuals and that highlights how important it is not to see the inquisition of the patient.  The nurse-patient relationship requires an open dialogue in which the patient is given space to talk about their life-world and express their feelings, desires and will.

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