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The burden of obesity-related illness, which disproportionately affects low income households and historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups, is a leading public health issue in the United States. In addition, previous research has documented differences in eating behavior and dietary intake between racial and ethnic groups, as well as between urban and rural residents. The coexistence of diet-related disparities and diet-related health conditions has therefore become a major focus of research and policy. Researchers have hypothesized that differences in eating behavior originate from differing levels of access to and affordability of healthy food options, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Therefore, this dissertation examines the affordability of fresh produce in the Brazos Valley of Texas. This study uses information on produce prices collected by taking a census of food stores in a large regional area through the method ground-truthing. These are combined with responses to a contemporaneous health assessment survey. Key innovations include the construction of price indices based on economic theory, testing the robustness of results to different methods of price imputation, and employing spatial econometric techniques. In the first part of the analysis, I evaluate the socioeconomic and geographical factors associated with the affordability of fresh fruits and vegetables. The results based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression show that except housing values (as median value of owner-occupied units) and store type, most factors do not have significant effects on the prices for these food items. In addition, the sizes and signs of the coefficients vary greatly across items. We found that consumers who pay higher premiums for fresh produce reside in rural areas and high proportion of minorities neighborhoods. We then assess how our results are influenced by different imputation methods to account for missing prices. The results reveal that the impacts of the factors used are similar regardless of the imputation methods. Finally we investigate the presence of spatial relationships between prices at particular stores and competing stores in the neighborhoods. The spatial estimation results based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) indicate a weak spatial correlation between the prices at stores located near each others in the neighborhoods. Stores selling vegetables display a certain level of spatial autocorrelation between the prices at a particular store and its neighboring competitors. Stores selling fruits do not present such relations in the prices.

Salsa Sumaq nace a partir del análisis de las diferentes necesidades dentro del mercado peruano, principalmente en las problemáticas presentadas en cuanto a temas relacionados a los hábitos alimenticios de las personas. El consumidor busca opciones saludables como acompañamiento para sus comidas para de esta manera darles un sabor agradable sin dejar de lado sus principales objetivos que se basan en mantener el equilibrio calórico en estas mismas. Al analizar el mercado, se pudo apreciar que el crecimiento en cuanto a la industria de productos saludables se encontraba en un crecimiento constante generando oportunidades para el desarrollo de nuevos productos, a su vez, la tendencia por lo orgánico y natural se hacía cada vez más popular. Luego de evaluar las preferencias de nuestros potenciales consumidores, se desarrolló la fórmula de las diferentes salsas , en donde se buscaba no solo brindar un agradable sabor de bajas calorías sino también que nuestros clientes puedan sentir el sabor casero tradicional de la comida peruana, por lo que se hicieron uso de insumos nativos de las diferentes regiones peruanas como también se buscaron insumos especializados que aporten una cantidad calórica menor en comparación a insumos tradicionales para la elaboración. En cuanto a la presentación, el diseño del envase resulta un factor bastante importante en cuanto a productos de calidad, por lo que se hizo uso de frascos de vidrio con tapa rosca de 250 gramos, los cuales podían ser reutilizados siguiendo a su vez con las tendencias eco amigables. Por otro lado, el etiquetado y rotulado son presentados en los colores característicos de las regiones y se desarrollaron los octógonos verdes donde se dan a conocer las diferentes bondades del producto en cuanto a su elaboración. Salsa Sumaq es un producto que pretende conectar con sus consumidores mediante la preocupación y la satisfacción de sus necesidades en cuanto a temas que implican la salud, ya que nuestro principal objetivo es brindar productos de calidad que puedan beneficiar a nuestros consumidores. A pesar del contexto, Salsa Sumaq está logrando un crecimiento progresivo y constante que de a pocos se encuentra generando beneficios para los inversionistas, ya que con el pasar de las semanas está tomando mayor posicionamiento en el mercado y pretender ganarse las preferencias de los consumidores. / Salsa Sumaq was set up from the analysis of the different needs within the Peruvian market, mainly in the problems presented with regard to issues related to people's eating habits. The consumer looks for healthy options as an accompaniment to their meals in order to give them a pleasant flavor without neglecting their main objectives that are based on maintaining the caloric balance in them. When analyzing the market, it could be seen that the growth in terms of the healthy products industry was in constant boost, generating opportunities for the development of new products, in turn, the trend for organic and natural was becoming more and more popular. After evaluating the preferences of our potential consumers, the formula of the different sauces was developed, where it was sought not only to provide a pleasant low-calorie flavor but also so that our clients could feel the traditional homemade flavor of Peruvian food, that is the reason why native ingredients from the different Peruvian regions were used as well as specialized ingredients that provide a lower caloric amount compared to traditional ones for the production. Regarding the presentation, the design of the package is a fairly important factor in the matter of quality products; consequently, 250-gram glass jars with screw caps were made, which could be reused following the ecofriendly trends. On the other hand, labeling is presented in the characteristic colors of the regions and green octagons were developed where the different benefits of the product in terms of its production are made known. Salsa Sumaq is a product that aims to connect with its consumers by caring for and satisfying their needs in respect of issues involving health as our main objective is to provide quality products that can benefit our consumers. Despite the context, Salsa Sumaq is achieving progressive and constant growth that, little by little, is generating benefits for investors, considering that as the weeks go by, it is taking a greater position in the market and trying to win the preference of consumers. / Trabajo de investigación

Background: Despite the growing evidence of the positive effects of fruit consumption on health, many individuals do not consume the recommended dietary guideline amounts. It has been suggested that socioeconomic status and income have an influence on food choices and consumption. The aim of this study is not only to examine whether payment structure has an association with food choices but also to assess fruit consumption independent of vegetables in the US. Methods: The 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was utilized and the study design led to a sample size that was n= 19,122 respondents. Variables that were selected for associations with sufficient fruit consumption included demographic data, employment status, payment structure, education, and home ownership status. A p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance of the analyses performed. Results: Factors that were associated with greater odds of sufficient fruit consumption included being African-American, education- all levels of high school graduate and higher, all income categories above $15,000 annually, those employed, and those who rent a home (p-value<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents' education defined as having college education was associated with increased odds of sufficient fruit consumption (OR = 7.09: CI =1.86-27.09] (p-value<0.01). Conclusions: Assessing fruit consumption alone did not provide greater insight on sufficiency with the exception of race's (specifically African American) influence. Payment structure was found not associated with increased fruit consumption. Promotion of education on the relevance of fruit consumption to overall health is critical and necessary in the United States.

Making healthy eating choices as a college student can be challenging and the transition from adolescence to adulthood can be associated with an increased likelihood of obesity. Studies have shown that college students have poor eating habits and frequent consumption of fast food meals. Studies have reported menu labeling to be effective in influencing college students' purchasing decisions. During the fall 2009 semester, the Saluki Select Healthy Eating Program was implemented in the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) Student Center to aid college students and the public in general to make healthier menu choices. The purpose of this research study was to compare and analyze marketing techniques for promoting and selling these healthy menu options at the SIUC Student Center. Results showed that signage and suggestive selling increased awareness of Saluki Select foods. Signage and suggestive selling, however, were not found statistically significant for increasing sales of Saluki Select foods. These findings are important in the planning and implementation of marketing strategies on healthy food options in university dining centers, foodservice operations, and restaurants. This study can add to the current research on menu labeling by indicating that social marketing does, in fact, increase awareness of healthier food items.

research of price aspects, motivations of consumers

Este trabajo busca identificar si existe una relación entre el EWOM en redes sociales y el valor percibido de los restaurantes de Poke Bowls en Lima Metropolitana. Este objetivo se logrará a través de un análisis de factores identificados por otros autores que han investigado el creciente fenómeno del EWOM y sus efectos en los distintos segmentos de restaurantes. De esta manera, se han logrado identificar los siguientes factores del EWOM: calidad, precisión, comprensión y actualidad; estos serán el eje del análisis para el boca a boca digital. En adición, se identificó la calidad percibida de la comida, justificación del precio y satisfacción del cliente como los factores más importantes para determinar el valor percibido de un restaurante de Poke Bowls. Por este motivo, se estableció un público objetivo conformado por personas de 18 a 25 años de edad pertenecientes al NSE A y B de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana. El presente estudio posee una investigación de campo tanto cualitativa como cuantitativo gracias a la realización de dos focus groups, 3 entrevistas a expertos y 250 encuestas realizadas al target. Asimismo, en la primera parte se podrá encontrar la teoría relacionada al EWOM y el Valor Percibido en restaurantes. Luego, se conocerá la opinión del público objetivo primario y de los expertos sobre estos temas y en cómo pueden relacionarse. Finalmente, se contrastarán sus opiniones y se cuestionarán los objetivos de investigación. / This paper seeks to identify the relationship between EWOM in social networks and the perceived value of Poke Bowl restaurants in Metropolitan Lima. This objective will be achieved through an analysis of factors identified by other authors who have investigated the growing phenomenon of EWOM and its effects on the different restaurant segments. Thus, the following EWOM factors have been identified: quality, precision, understanding and topicality; these will be the axis of the analysis for digital word of mouth. In addition, the perceived quality of the food, price justification and customer satisfaction were identified as the most important factors in determining the perceived value of a Poke Bowl restaurant. For this reason, a target audience was established consisting of people between 18 and 25 years of age belonging to socioeconomic levels A and B in zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima. The present study has a field research that is both qualitative and quantitative thanks to the realization of two focus groups, 3 interviews to experts and 250 surveys to the target. Also, in the first part you'll be able to get the theory related to the EWOM and the Perceived Value in restaurants. Then, the opinion of the primary target audience and experts on these issues and how they can be related will be known. Finally, their opinions will be contrasted and the research objectives will be questioned. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo del curso Emprendimiento de los Negocios Sostenibles encontró como principal problema que las personas tienen antojos por satisfacer durante el día, pero lo que uno encuentra rápidamente son snacks no saludables. Por ello nosotros proponemos un snack nutritivo, que alimente con productos frescos y que no engorden. Estos se llaman NutriBowls Además, NutriBowls propone un modelo de negocio que se denomina como nutrición sustentable. Es decir, un tipo de alimentación que es ética, saludable y respeta el medio ambiente. La alimentación sustentable comprende conceptos como: Alimentos orgánicos, comercio justo, preferencia de productos que usan envases reciclables, consumir productos de estación y privilegiar al comercio local. Como la mayoría de los caparazones de coco son desechados y quemados después de extraer su pulpa y agua para producir diferentes productos; Con nuestra presentación, el coco se puede reutilizar para que sea usado como un adorno decorativo o como más le guste al cliente. De esta forma se realizará una alimentación sustentable. Nuestro público objetivo son hombres y mujeres de 18 a 35 años de los sectores A y B. Nos dirigiremos a ellos mediante 2 canales; Un local propio de 25 - 30 metros cuadrados en el distrito de San isidro y stands en ferias ecológicas y universitarias. Nuestra ventaja competitiva es que el consumidor puede personalizar los toppings de su NutriBowl. / The following work from the Entrepreneurship of Sustainable Businesses subject found as a main problem that the people has cravings to satisfy during the day but, what they quickly find is only snacks that are not healthy. For this reason, we propose a healthy snack, that feeds the consumer with fresh products and that does not increase the weight of the consumer. These are called NutriBowls. Moreover, NutriBowls propose a business model that is denoted as sustainable nutrition. That is to say a type of nutrition that is ethical, healthy and that respects the environment. Sustainable nutrition comprehends the following concepts: Organic foods, fair commerce, preference towards choosing products that use recyclable containers, consuming season foods and giving privilege to the local businesses. The majority of the coco shells are thrown and burned right after extracting the water and the pulp from them to produce a range of products; with our presentation, the coco shells can be reutilized as decoration or as whatever the user wishes. This way we are going to achieve sustainable nutrition. Our public is based on male and female individuals that are between 18 and 35 from the A and B Statuses. We will achieve this in two ways; the first one will be a Private Shop that is 25 to 30 square meters in the districts and our second one will be Stands in ecological and university fairs. Our differential is going to be that the costumer will be available to customize their NutriBowl toppings. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo busca validas la viabilidad de la introducción de un nuevo producto llamado Nutrí Harinas. Este producto está compuesto de dos insumos con alto contenido de nutrientes, los cuales son harina hecho de quinua y harina hecha de arroz integral. Se realizó distintas investigaciones en las zonas 6 y 7 de lima metropolitano para un NSE A, B y C. La cual nos permitió detectar muchas personas que hoy en día se preocupan por su salud y que no están siendo satisfechas al 100%. Muchas personas comentan que sienten pesadez y no tienen buena digestión por los alimentos ingeridos, pues en su mayoría las harinas están hechas de trigo, lo cual no beneficia a la salud del cliente, quien siente por momentos frustración de no llevar una vida saludable adecuada. Para realizar este proyecto se tendrá una inversión inicial de S/. 81,575.74, lo cual será financiado netamente con las aportaciones con cada uno de los integrantes. Es decir, la inversión será cubierta al 100% por los accionistas y no se realizará endeudamiento con el banco. El cual genera un recupero de toda la inversión en el tercer año. / This paper seeks to validate the viability of the introduction of a new product called Nutrí Flours. This product is composed of two inputs with high nutrient content, which are flour made from quinoa and flour made from brown rice. Different investigations were carried out in zones 6 and 7 of the metropolitan lime for an-NSE A, B and C. Which allowed us to detect many people who today care about their health and are not being 100% satisfied. Many people comment that they feel heaviness and do not have good digestion for ingested food, since mostly the flours are made of wheat, which does not benefit the health of the client, who feels at times frustration of not leading an adequate healthy life. To carry out this project, an initial investment of S /. 81,575.74, which will be financed purely with the contributions with each of the members. That is, the investment will be 100% covered by the shareholders and no indebtedness will be made with the bank. Which generates a recovery of all the investment in the third year. / Trabajo de investigación

Ante la necesidad que nuestro equipo de trabajo capto sobre los consumidores de yogurt. Presentamos una alternativa diferente en la cual podamos tener un producto innovador en el mercado. La idea de negocio se planteó estableciendo un nicho de mercado en la cual nos dirigiremos a personas que consumen productos saludables. Esta idea de negocio va permitir captar a un público distinto al de otras grandes marcas. SoyFit está compuesto con productos naturales y con proveedores locales. Asimismo, cada ingrediente está seleccionado de forma que ofrece al público un producto de calidad. Además, el producto es realizado de manera artesanal y distribuido a bioferias, consumidores locales y gimnasios. En las próximas páginas del presente trabajo se detallara como fue el proceso de realización de nuestra idea de negocio. En cada página se presentara las validaciones, modelo negocio, pronósticos, fuentes, etc. Con el objetivo de que nuestro producto sea rentable a largo plazo. En síntesis, al finalizar las validaciones pudimos determinar que nuestro producto es viable y nos generara en los siguientes años un retorno económico junto con utilidades. Con ello se busca seguir creciendo nuestra idea de negocio y quizás en un futuro ofrecerlo en un mercado extranjero. / Given the need for our team to capture yogurt consumers. We present a different alternative in which we can have an innovative product in the market. The business idea was raised by establishing a market niche in which we will address people who consume healthy products. This business idea will allow to attract a different audience from other major brands. SoyFit is made up of natural products and local suppliers. Likewise, each ingredient is selected in a way that offers the public a quality product. In addition, the product is made by hand and distributed to bioferias, local consumers and gyms. In the next pages of this work we will detail how the process of realization of our business idea was. Validations, business model, forecasts, sources, etc. will be presented on each page. With the aim of making our product profitable in the long term. In summary, at the end of the validations we could determine that our product it is viable and will generate in the following years an economic return along with utilities. This seeks to continue growing our business idea and perhaps in the future offer it in a foreign market. / Trabajo de investigación