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abstract: Perceived heaviness of lifted objects has been shown to scale to a ratio of muscle activity and movement during elbow lifts. This scaling reflects the importance of the forces applied to an object and the resulting kinematics for this perception. The current study determined whether these perceived heaviness dynamics are similar in other lifting conditions. Anatomically sourced context-conditioned variability has implications for motor control. The current study investigated whether these implications also hold for heaviness perception. In two experiments participants lifted objects with knee extension lifts and with several arm lifts and reported perceived heaviness. The resulting psychophysiological functions revealed the hypothesized muscle activity and movement ratio in both leg and arms lifts. Further, principal component regressions showed that the forearm flexors and corresponding joint angular accelerations were most relevant for perceived heaviness during arm lifts. Perceived heaviness dynamics are similar in the arms and legs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2016

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This exploratory study investigated how perception of heaviness and presence in the virtual reality experience is affected by limitations in the velocity with which a virtual object is lifted. An interaction method aiming to urge the user to lift certain objects at a certain velocity was designed, developed and evaluated in an iterative manner. Two cycles of user tests were conducted to explore and refine the interaction method. Subsequently, based upon the proposed interaction method, a room scale virtual reality puzzle game was developed and evaluated with a between-subject user test. Results indicated that the proposed interaction method bear potential to give users a notion regarding the heaviness of virtual objects, without affecting the presence of the VR experience. However, the results did not show clear signs in regard to limiting the participants' lift velocity. Ultimately, the interaction method needs further research. / Denna undersökande studie studerade hur uppfattningen av tyngd och sinnesnärvaro i den virtuella verkligheten påverkas av begränsningar i hastigheten med vilken ett virtuellt objekt lyfts. En interaktionsmetod som syftade till att uppmana användaren att lyfta vissa objekt med en viss hastighet utformades, utvecklades och utvärderades på ett iterativt sätt. Två cykler av användartester genomfördes för att utforska och förfina interaktionsmetoden. Därefter, baserat på den föreslagna interaktionsmetoden, utvecklades och utvärderades ett virtuellt verklighetspusselspel med ett användartest. Resultaten indikerade att den föreslagna interaktionsmetoden har potential att ge användarna en uppfattning om tyngden hos virtuella objekt utan att negativt påverka sinnesnärvaron i VR-upplevelsen. Resultaten visade emellertid inte tydliga tecken när det gäller att begränsa deltagarnas lyfthastighet. I slutändan behöver interaktionsmetoden ytterligare forskning.

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Cette thèse qui se veut une contribution à l’étude des textes des grammairiens arabes portera sur l’orientation explicative qui caractérisait les grammairiens du 4ème/ 10ème siècle. Étant donné que notre intervention se limitera à la morpho-phonologie, nous avons choisi comme auteur Ibn Ğinnî ; considéré comme le grammairien le plus versé dans cette discipline. Nous tenterons d’explorer les principes qui régissent selon Ibn Ğinnî la morpho-phonologie. Une étude détaillée sera consacrée à la notion de lourdeur comme principe fondamental chez Ibn Ğinnî qui explique, d’une forme ou d’une autre, tout phénomène morpho-phonologique. Un recours à d’autres disciplines voisines où la méthodologie adoptée est plus explicite permettra de décoder le langage d’Ibn Ğinnî dans al-H et d’exploiter les implicites de son texte. Ce travail sur l’histoire de la langue mettra en exergue l’aspect interdisciplinaire comme perspective de recherche sur la grammaire arabe. / This thesis whose aim is to contribute to the study of the texts of the Arabic grammarian will deal with the explanatory orientation which characterised the grammarians of the 4th/10th century. Given that our intervention focuses on morph phonology, we chose as author Ibn Ğinnî, who is considered to be the most well-learned grammarian in this field. We will try to explore the principles, which according to him, governs morph phonology. A more detailed chapter will deal with the notion of heaviness which is a fundamental principle in Ibn Ğinnî and which explains somehow or other any phonological phenomenon. A study of other related subjects where the methodology adopted is more explicit will enable to understand the language of Ibn Ğinnî in Hasâ’is, and to make use of the implicits of314his texts. This work on the language history will highlight the interdisciplinary aspects as a research perspective in the Arabic grammar.

The buildings people inhabit everyday frame their existence and provide a backdrop for life. This relationship is inextricable and, as such, begs the question as to whether buildings can function as more than mere containers for life or whether they, at some point or in some capacity, can begin to bare influence over the life or quality of life of their patrons. This project is an intention to explore this qualitative, unquantifiable aspect of building. Through a manipulation of volume and mass, constriction and expansion, solid and void, light and shadow, and the qualities of interiority and exteriority an occupied space will begin to impress itself upon the user. The main objective of this project is to use these architectural properties to create a place that fosters introspection through self awareness. By choosing presence over practicality and content over convention, the construct proposed in this thesis attempts to create spaces that are imposing and unfamiliar yet somehow emotionally reminiscent. Confronted by these contradictions and juxtapositions, this building will stand as an object, in opposition to the occupant, and through that opposition inspire and promote a greater awareness of, and possibly a reflection upon, normally unconscious thought processes. / Master of Architecture

This essay investigates how capitalism affects the characters in John Dos Passos’ novel Manhattan Transfer. It argues how capitalism in many instances leads to alienation in various ways. In order to understand the historical context of the novel and to perform this character study, the concepts of modernism, modernity, Marxism, capitalism and alienation are put forward in the theoretical framework as the foundation of the essay. The main theories used are Georg Lukács’ definition of heaviness, Ferdinand Tönnies’ discussion on community and society and Melvin Seeman’s presentation of the ways in which the term alienation has been used and explained over the years.

Metal music is a term that currently serves as a designation for a plethora of different subgenres. The main goal of this work is to find a process that is shared between given subgenres of metal music. The search is based on the non-essentialist position of Gilles Deleuze's philosophy of difference. For this reason, the first focus of the work is extensive excursion into this philosophy, to which it devotes it's first chapter. In it, through analysis of Difference and Repetition, it creates a thought and conceptual basis for the processual perception of ideas as multiplicities, a position that makes it possible to examine the process of becoming. From this position, the second chapter focuses on metal music and it's main characteristic quality - heaviness, and examines the ways in which music can become heavy. Keywords: Gilles Deleuze, metal music, heaviness, difference, becoming, multiplicity, intensity

Valuing Intellectual Property assets is increasingly critical in today’s economy, where intangible assets constitute a significant portion of business value. This thesis addresses the challenges inherent in the IP valuation process, particularly the subjectivity and variability associated with different IP types and valuation methodologies. It proposes a new way to value IP assets, by building upon existing disaggregation methods, and by introducing the IP-heaviness classification system. The study aims to develop an objective valuation model for IP assets by introducing the IP-heaviness classification system. The goal of the model is to estimate the range of IP Contribution (IPC) to company value across different industry groups. Our study employed Kernel Density Estimation and Monte Carlo Simulation to analyze the dataset and generate a larger data sample. We then developed the IPH classification system, which categorizes industries based on their reliance on IP as a value contributor, grouping them by similar levels of IP dependence. This structured approach allows for a preliminary estimation of the IP contribution for each group, providing a standardized framework for IP valuation. Each IPH group was assigned its own probability density curve to represent its potential IPC value. Ultimately, our model produced confidence intervals for each IPH group, offering a reliable measure of the IP contribution within each category. Our findings reveal significant variability in the impact of IP on company value across different industries. Higher IPH groups, representing industries with substantial IP reliance, show a greater proportion of their value attributed to IP assets. Conversely, lower IPH groups, with less reliance on IP, exhibit lower IP contributions. The IPH classification system addresses the challenges of traditional IP valuation methods by providing a more objective and transparent approach. It enhances the comparability of companies within and across IPH groups and reduces subjectivity in the valuation process.