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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Inhibitory Effect of Kell Blood Group Antibodies on Erythroid Progenitor Cell Growth

Seto, Eva 26 February 2009 (has links)
The clinical manifestations of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn mediated by anti-K, an antibody of the Kell blood group system, are distinguishable from the classical form of the disease. Affected fetuses have low numbers of circulating reticulocytes and antibody titers and bilirubin levels are not reliable predictors of anemia. These observations suggest that antibodies to Kell glycoprotein lead to anemia through suppression of erythropoiesis. This study established a liquid erythroid progenitor cell culture model in which to perform analyses on the mechanism of the suppressive growth effect of anti-Kell glycoprotein. Using this culture model, this study demonstrated the requirement for co-ligation of Kell glycoprotein by a bivalent antibody for growth suppression. The absence of markers of apoptosis in cell cultures treated with anti-Kell glycoprotein suggests that the mechanism of growth suppression is distinct from programmed cell death and necrosis. Furthermore, this growth suppression cannot be rescued by erythropoietin.
2

The Inhibitory Effect of Kell Blood Group Antibodies on Erythroid Progenitor Cell Growth

Seto, Eva 26 February 2009 (has links)
The clinical manifestations of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn mediated by anti-K, an antibody of the Kell blood group system, are distinguishable from the classical form of the disease. Affected fetuses have low numbers of circulating reticulocytes and antibody titers and bilirubin levels are not reliable predictors of anemia. These observations suggest that antibodies to Kell glycoprotein lead to anemia through suppression of erythropoiesis. This study established a liquid erythroid progenitor cell culture model in which to perform analyses on the mechanism of the suppressive growth effect of anti-Kell glycoprotein. Using this culture model, this study demonstrated the requirement for co-ligation of Kell glycoprotein by a bivalent antibody for growth suppression. The absence of markers of apoptosis in cell cultures treated with anti-Kell glycoprotein suggests that the mechanism of growth suppression is distinct from programmed cell death and necrosis. Furthermore, this growth suppression cannot be rescued by erythropoietin.
3

Hemolytic Disease and Reticulocytopenia of the Newborn Attributable to Maternal Immunoglobulin G Anti-M Reacting Optimally at Cold Temperatures

Andersen, Lezlie H., Jacob, Eapen K., McThenia, Sheila S., Tauscher, Craig D., Patterson, Emily R., Oliveira, Jennifer L., Rodriguez, Vilmarie 01 March 2021 (has links)
Background: Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) attributable to anti-M is rare, although case reports implicate anti-M in varying severities of HDFN, including fetal hydrops and intrauterine death. Case Description: We describe the case of a newborn with HDFN associated with an atypical immunoglobulin (Ig) G anti-M that reacted best at cold temperatures. The maternal antibody detected in pregnancy was not reactive at 37°C, and a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on red blood cells (RBCs) from the newborn was negative, suggesting an anti-M that should not have been clinically relevant. However, the infant developed hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level, 17.6 mg/dL), hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin nadir, 5.5 g/dL), and reticulocytopenia. Laboratory testing demonstrated the presence of an IgG anti-M in maternal and neonatal samples reacting best at 4°C. This passively acquired IgG anti-M provoked hemolytic anemia in the infant and likely suppressed erythropoiesis, resulting in reticulocytopenia with prolonged anemia. He was treated for IgG anti-M HDFN with 10 intravenous Ig infusions and 10 days of oral prednisone followed by a taper. He required seven transfusions with M− RBCs. His hemoglobin level normalized at 3 months of age. Follow-up at 2 years revealed no hematologic or neuro-developmental concerns. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the second report of HDFN attributable to an IgG anti-M reacting preferentially at cold temperature with no 37°C reactivity. Clinically relevant IgG anti-M may elude standard testing. Early recognition and testing for cold-reacting IgG anti-M should be considered for newborns with hemolysis, a negative DAT, and prolonged anemia.
4

IgG-mediated Immune Suppression: the Effect on the Host Immune System

Brinc, Davor 30 July 2008 (has links)
One of the most effective immunological interventions for human disease prevention is the administration of anti-red blood cell (RBC) IgG, more specifically, anti-D IgG, for prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN), a serious and potentially fatal condition caused by the maternal immune response against the Rhesus (Rh) blood group system D antigen on fetal RBC. Despite its widespread clinical use, the mechanism of the suppressive anti-RBC IgG effect is not fully understood. In a murine model of immunity to foreign RBCs, transfusion of mice with IgG-opsonized RBCs strongly attenuated the antibody response compared to transfusion of untreated RBCs. This model was used to study the anti-RBC IgG effect on the host immune response. Contrary to the predominant theories of the anti-D effect, here it is shown that IgG-mediated RBC clearance is not sufficient for the attenuation of antibody responses. IgG-opsonized RBCs internalized by the mononuclear phagocytic cells could stimulate T and B cell responses against RBC antigens. This thesis also shows that the adaptive tolerance at the T or B cell level is not the reason for the attenuation of the antibody response. Instead, IgG selectively prevented the appearance of antigen-primed RBC-specific B cells and, surprisingly, induced the host B cell response against the IgG in complex with RBCs. These results suggest that the inability of RBC-specific B cells to recognize and present RBC-specific epitopes may explain the inhibitory IgG effect.
5

Prevalência de anticorpos irregulares em gestantes atendidas em serviços públicos da hemorrede de Santa Catarina / Prevalence of irregular antibodies in pregnant women attended by public services of hemorrede of Santa Catarina

Maranho, Caroline Klein 21 March 2017 (has links)
A doença hemolítica perinatal (DHPN) é caracterizada pela destruição das hemácias fetais por anticorpos da classe IgG presentes na circulação materna. Esses anticorpos, dirigidos contra antígenos eritrocitários presentes nas hemácias do feto, atravessam a barreira placentária e promovem a hemólise prematura dos eritrócitos, podendo levar à anemia fetal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência dos anticorpos irregulares em gestantes atendidas em maternidades públicas da hemorrede de Santa Catarina por meio de um estudo observacional, com coorte retrospectiva, entre janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2015, englobando a análise de dados arquivados no laboratório de Imunohematologia do Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Santa Catarina, situado na cidade de Florianópolis. As variáveis investigadas nas amostras de cordão e de recém nascido (RN) foram: Anticorpo(s) materno(s) identificado(s) no teste de eluato de amostras com teste de antiglobulina direto positivo; fenotipagem ABO/RhD da mãe do RN. No caso das amostras de gestantes com suspeita de aloimunização e mães dos RNs, avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: anticorpo(s) antieritrocitário(s) identificado (s); fenotipagem ABO/RhD da gestante. O número total de casos analisados ao longo dos 4 anos foi equivalente a 585, sendo que o número de casos de anticorpos irregulares maternos na população estudada foi equivalente a 45. A distribuição do total de anticorpos irregulares maternos (TAIM) para cada ano demonstrou forte tendência de crescimento linear (coeficiente de correlação linear igual a 0,9311). Os dados coletados apontaram as seguintes especificidades de anticorpos, citados de acordo com a ordem decrescente de distribuição de frequência : anti-D (57,8%); anti-D,-C (11,1%); anti-c (6,7%); anti-c,-E (4,4%); anti-D,-E (4,4%); anti-M (4,4%); anti-C (2,2%); anti-E (2,2%); anti-K (2,2%); anti-Fy(b) (2,2%); anti-Jk(a) (2,2%) com prevalência de 41% do anti-D sob as outras classes de anticorpos. A associação entre o fenótipo RhD da gestante e a realização do teste de Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (PAI) demonstrou que o fato do fenótipo RhD ser positivo ou negativo não influencia na execução do teste (p=0,1672; Coeficiente de Cramer equivalente a 0,1783), entretanto, foi possível observar uma predominância do número de casos de testes de PAI não realizados sob os realizados, em especial em gestantes RhD positivo. Os resultados encontrados contribuíram para a elaboração do material clínico na forma de cartilha intitulado: DHPN - DOENÇA HEMOLÍTICA PERINATAL E TESTES IMUNOHEMATOLÓGICOS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO LABORATORIAL. A cartilha foi elaborada na forma de perguntas e respostas englobando principalmente esclarecimentos sobre os testes imunohematológicos que auxiliem no diagnóstico da DHPN. / Perinatal hemolytic disease is characterized by the destruction of fetal red blood cells by IgG antibodies present in the maternal circulation. These antibodies directed against erythrocyte antigens present in red blood cells of the fetus, cross the placental barrier and promote the premature haemolysis of red blood cells and can lead to fetal anemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of irregular antibodies in pregnant women in public hospitals in hemorrede of Santa Catarina through an observational study with retrospective cohort from January 2012 to December 2015, involving the analysis of archived data in Immunohematology laboratory of Center of Hematology and Hemoterapy of Santa Catarina, located in Florianópolis. The variables to be investigated in the cord samples and newborn (NB) were: maternal antibody identified in eluate test of samples with a positive direct antiglobulin test; phenotyping ABO / RhD of newborn`s mother. For samples of pregnant women with suspected alloimmunization and mothers of newborns, the following variables will be evaluated: Antierythrocyte(ies) antibody(ies) identified; phenotyping ABO / RhD of the pregnant woman. The total number of cases analyzed over the four years was equivalent to 585, and the number of cases of maternal irregular antibodies in the population studied was equivalent to 45. The distribution of total maternal irregular antibodies (TMIA) for each year showed strong linear growth trend (linear correlation coefficient of 0.9311). The data collected showed the following specific antibodies, cited according to the descending order of frequency distribution: Anti-D (57.8%); anti-D, -C (11,1%); anti-c (6.7%); anti-c E (4.4%); anti-D, E (4.4%); Anti-M (4.4%); Anti-C (2.2%); Anti-E (2.2%); anti-K (2.2%); anti-Fy (b) (2.2%); antiJk(a) (2.2%) with a prevalence of 41% of anti-D in relation to other antibody specificities. The association between RhD phenotype of pregnant women and the realization of Irregular antibody screening test (PAI) showed that the fact of the RhD phenotype be positive or negative does not influence the test execution (p = 0.1672; Cramer coefficient equivalent to 0.1783), however, it was possible to observe a predominance of the number of cases of PAI tests not performed under performed, especially in RhD positive pregnant women. The results contributed to the development of the clinical material in the form of spelling book entitled: DHPN - PERINATAL HEMOLYTIC DISEASE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGICAL TESTS FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS. The spelling book was prepared in the form of questions and answers covering mainly clarifications on immunohematological tests to assist in the diagnosis of DHPN.
6

IgG-mediated Immune Suppression: the Effect on the Host Immune System

Brinc, Davor 30 July 2008 (has links)
One of the most effective immunological interventions for human disease prevention is the administration of anti-red blood cell (RBC) IgG, more specifically, anti-D IgG, for prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN), a serious and potentially fatal condition caused by the maternal immune response against the Rhesus (Rh) blood group system D antigen on fetal RBC. Despite its widespread clinical use, the mechanism of the suppressive anti-RBC IgG effect is not fully understood. In a murine model of immunity to foreign RBCs, transfusion of mice with IgG-opsonized RBCs strongly attenuated the antibody response compared to transfusion of untreated RBCs. This model was used to study the anti-RBC IgG effect on the host immune response. Contrary to the predominant theories of the anti-D effect, here it is shown that IgG-mediated RBC clearance is not sufficient for the attenuation of antibody responses. IgG-opsonized RBCs internalized by the mononuclear phagocytic cells could stimulate T and B cell responses against RBC antigens. This thesis also shows that the adaptive tolerance at the T or B cell level is not the reason for the attenuation of the antibody response. Instead, IgG selectively prevented the appearance of antigen-primed RBC-specific B cells and, surprisingly, induced the host B cell response against the IgG in complex with RBCs. These results suggest that the inability of RBC-specific B cells to recognize and present RBC-specific epitopes may explain the inhibitory IgG effect.
7

Prevalência de anticorpos irregulares em gestantes atendidas em serviços públicos da hemorrede de Santa Catarina / Prevalence of irregular antibodies in pregnant women attended by public services of hemorrede of Santa Catarina

Caroline Klein Maranho 21 March 2017 (has links)
A doença hemolítica perinatal (DHPN) é caracterizada pela destruição das hemácias fetais por anticorpos da classe IgG presentes na circulação materna. Esses anticorpos, dirigidos contra antígenos eritrocitários presentes nas hemácias do feto, atravessam a barreira placentária e promovem a hemólise prematura dos eritrócitos, podendo levar à anemia fetal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência dos anticorpos irregulares em gestantes atendidas em maternidades públicas da hemorrede de Santa Catarina por meio de um estudo observacional, com coorte retrospectiva, entre janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2015, englobando a análise de dados arquivados no laboratório de Imunohematologia do Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Santa Catarina, situado na cidade de Florianópolis. As variáveis investigadas nas amostras de cordão e de recém nascido (RN) foram: Anticorpo(s) materno(s) identificado(s) no teste de eluato de amostras com teste de antiglobulina direto positivo; fenotipagem ABO/RhD da mãe do RN. No caso das amostras de gestantes com suspeita de aloimunização e mães dos RNs, avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: anticorpo(s) antieritrocitário(s) identificado (s); fenotipagem ABO/RhD da gestante. O número total de casos analisados ao longo dos 4 anos foi equivalente a 585, sendo que o número de casos de anticorpos irregulares maternos na população estudada foi equivalente a 45. A distribuição do total de anticorpos irregulares maternos (TAIM) para cada ano demonstrou forte tendência de crescimento linear (coeficiente de correlação linear igual a 0,9311). Os dados coletados apontaram as seguintes especificidades de anticorpos, citados de acordo com a ordem decrescente de distribuição de frequência : anti-D (57,8%); anti-D,-C (11,1%); anti-c (6,7%); anti-c,-E (4,4%); anti-D,-E (4,4%); anti-M (4,4%); anti-C (2,2%); anti-E (2,2%); anti-K (2,2%); anti-Fy(b) (2,2%); anti-Jk(a) (2,2%) com prevalência de 41% do anti-D sob as outras classes de anticorpos. A associação entre o fenótipo RhD da gestante e a realização do teste de Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (PAI) demonstrou que o fato do fenótipo RhD ser positivo ou negativo não influencia na execução do teste (p=0,1672; Coeficiente de Cramer equivalente a 0,1783), entretanto, foi possível observar uma predominância do número de casos de testes de PAI não realizados sob os realizados, em especial em gestantes RhD positivo. Os resultados encontrados contribuíram para a elaboração do material clínico na forma de cartilha intitulado: DHPN - DOENÇA HEMOLÍTICA PERINATAL E TESTES IMUNOHEMATOLÓGICOS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO LABORATORIAL. A cartilha foi elaborada na forma de perguntas e respostas englobando principalmente esclarecimentos sobre os testes imunohematológicos que auxiliem no diagnóstico da DHPN. / Perinatal hemolytic disease is characterized by the destruction of fetal red blood cells by IgG antibodies present in the maternal circulation. These antibodies directed against erythrocyte antigens present in red blood cells of the fetus, cross the placental barrier and promote the premature haemolysis of red blood cells and can lead to fetal anemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of irregular antibodies in pregnant women in public hospitals in hemorrede of Santa Catarina through an observational study with retrospective cohort from January 2012 to December 2015, involving the analysis of archived data in Immunohematology laboratory of Center of Hematology and Hemoterapy of Santa Catarina, located in Florianópolis. The variables to be investigated in the cord samples and newborn (NB) were: maternal antibody identified in eluate test of samples with a positive direct antiglobulin test; phenotyping ABO / RhD of newborn`s mother. For samples of pregnant women with suspected alloimmunization and mothers of newborns, the following variables will be evaluated: Antierythrocyte(ies) antibody(ies) identified; phenotyping ABO / RhD of the pregnant woman. The total number of cases analyzed over the four years was equivalent to 585, and the number of cases of maternal irregular antibodies in the population studied was equivalent to 45. The distribution of total maternal irregular antibodies (TMIA) for each year showed strong linear growth trend (linear correlation coefficient of 0.9311). The data collected showed the following specific antibodies, cited according to the descending order of frequency distribution: Anti-D (57.8%); anti-D, -C (11,1%); anti-c (6.7%); anti-c E (4.4%); anti-D, E (4.4%); Anti-M (4.4%); Anti-C (2.2%); Anti-E (2.2%); anti-K (2.2%); anti-Fy (b) (2.2%); antiJk(a) (2.2%) with a prevalence of 41% of anti-D in relation to other antibody specificities. The association between RhD phenotype of pregnant women and the realization of Irregular antibody screening test (PAI) showed that the fact of the RhD phenotype be positive or negative does not influence the test execution (p = 0.1672; Cramer coefficient equivalent to 0.1783), however, it was possible to observe a predominance of the number of cases of PAI tests not performed under performed, especially in RhD positive pregnant women. The results contributed to the development of the clinical material in the form of spelling book entitled: DHPN - PERINATAL HEMOLYTIC DISEASE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGICAL TESTS FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS. The spelling book was prepared in the form of questions and answers covering mainly clarifications on immunohematological tests to assist in the diagnosis of DHPN.
8

Presença de Aloanticorpos Eritrocitários em gestantes Rh negativo, atendidas na Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (Hemoam).

Cavalcante, Francimary de Oliveira 26 October 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Francimary.pdf: 640225 bytes, checksum: 1eebacf1e67b120750607e8d1a1c46d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The presence of G class irregular erythrocyte alloantibodies in the blood circulation during pregnancy may cause a series of consequences to the newborn. The alloimmunization can occur under different situations, such as: blood incompatibility during delivery, miscarriage, amniocentese, blood transfusion, among others, all considered being risky. This study investigated the occurrence of regular and irregular circulating alloantibodies in women under the care of the Program of RhD-negative Expecting Mothers (PGRhN) of the Amazonas Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation (HEMOAM). A retrospective study was carried out compiling the data of all expecting mothers under care during 2003, as well as the information regarding their newborns. A second study, prospective, was done by analyzing the blood samples of expecting mothers under the care of the PGRhN between April and November 2004, as well as the information on their respective babies. All tests were carried out following the methodology presented in the American Association of Blood Bank Technical Manual (2005). The comparison of the alloimmunization frequency between the first (5.6%) and the second (3.5%) studies showed no significant difference. The frequency of antibodies attached to the erythrocytes in the newborns of alloimmunized mothers were high, 67% in the retrospective study and 72.7% in the prospective study. The frequency of G class regular alloantibodies was 87% in the prospective study and the ABO maternal-fetal incompatibility was 17% in O type mothers with A or B type progeny. The occurrence of irregular alloimmunization in the PGRhN is still high, comparing with the numbers of other authors, indicating that the Program may be failing in preventing the problem to occur or errors may have been made during the sorotherapy of patients under risk. Also, it was observed a high frequency of G class regular alloantibodies which can cause the Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) due to ABO incompatibility. / A presença de aloanticorpos irregulares eritrocitários da classe G, na circulação materna, pode causar serias conseqüências ao neonato. A aloimunizacao pode ocorrer em diversas situações, consideradas de risco, como partos com incompatibilidade sanguínea, aborto, amniocentese, transfusões sanguínea, dentre outras. Neste estudo foi verificada a presença de aloanticorpos circulantes regulares e irregulares, em mulheres atendidas no Programa de Gestantes Rh Negativo (PGRhN) da Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM). Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e para o qual, foram levantados os registros de gestantes atendidas durante o ano de 2003, como também, os dados de seus recém-nascidos. Outro estudo, prospectivo, foi realizado e foram analisadas amostras de sangue de gestantes, atendidas no PGRhN entre os meses de abril a novembro de 2004, como também de seus recém-nascidos. Todos os testes utilizados foram preconizados pelo Manual Técnico da American Association of Blood Bank (2005). A freqüência de aloimunizacao no estudo Retrospectivo (5,6%) não apresentou diferença significante com a do estudo Prospectivo (3,5%). A freqüência de anticorpos fixados as hemácias, nos recém-nascidos de mães aloimunizadas, foi bastante alta, de 67% no estudo prospectivo e de 72,7% no estudo retrospectivo. A freqüência de aloanticorpos regulares da classe G foi de 87% nas gestantes do estudo prospectivo e a incompatibilidade ABO materno-fetal foi de 17% para as mães O, com filhos A ou B. O índice de aloimunização irregular no PGRhN ainda e muito alto, quando comparado aos trabalhos de outros autores, mostrando que devem estar ocorrendo falhas na prevenção e possíveis erros na administração da soroterapia, em situações de risco. Ressalte-se ainda, a alta freqüência de aloanticorpos regulares da classe G, que podem induzir a Doença Hemolítica do recém-nascido (DHRN) por incompatibilidade ABO.
9

Doença hemolítica perinatal pelo fator Rh: experiência de 10 anos do Instituto Fernandes Figueira

Sá, Cynthia Amaral Moura January 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T19:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 56122.pdf: 943164 bytes, checksum: 31ab7a412fa0e24ec2743d0b364e47f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-22 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Introdução: a Doença Hemolítica Perinatal pelo fator Rh é causada pela incompatibilidade entre o sangue da mãe e do recém-nascido, levando a destruição de hemácias fetais e, sem tratamento os fetos mais severamente afetados podem morrer intra-útero. No recém-nascido, a doença pode resultar em icterícia,anemia, dano cerebral, falência cardíaca e morte.Desde introdução da profilaxia anti-Rh D o número de recém-nascidos com doença hemolítica tem caído drasticamente em países desenvolvidos, porém essa não é a realidade nacional. Objetivo Geral:descrever as práticas usadas para tratar os pacientes com doença hemolítica perinatal pelo fator Rh, nascidos no Instituto Fernandes Figueira nos últimos 10 anos e apresentar dados clínicos,laboratoriais, o tipo de abordagem terapêutica oferecida e o perfil imunohematológico de suas mães. Material e métodos:Foi realizada uma cohort de 300 recém-nascidos de gestantes Aloimunizadas Rh, nascidos no Instituto Fernandes Figueira no período de janeiro de1995 a dezembro de 2004. Foram coletados dados do pré-natal,nascimento e acompanhamento do Follow-up até 1 ano de idade. Resultados: a maioria de nossas gestantes possuía um anticorpo que foi o anti-D, sendo que a gravidade da doença hemolítica não teve relação com o tipo de anticorpo. O início do pré-natal em nossa unidade é tardio, mas mesmo assim a maioria dos recém-nascidos nasce bem. Nosso índice de óbitos e hidropisialmente está em torno de 7%. Foi evidenciada uma queda de 66 para 35,8% do número de pacientes submetidos à exsangüineotransfusão após o ano 2000 coincidindo com a introdução biliberço e uso da imunoglobulina humana inespecífica, sem comprometimento do prognóstico. Nosso índice de mortalidade relacionado à exsangüineotransfusão foi de 0,7% e de eventos adversos foi de 61%, sendo os mais comuns a plaquetopenia (mais ou menos 50.000) e distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos (hipocalcemia).Os eventos mais graves foram os distúrbios cardiológicos e de sangramento foram estatisticamente maiores nos pacientes cujas condições clínicas eram mais instáveis antes do procedimento. Fatores como níveis críticos de bilirrubina(mais ou menos 20 mg/dl), a prematuridade, hidropisia e asfixia pioram o prognóstico tardio (surdez e encefalopatia bilirrubínica)apesar de intervenção terapêutica precoce. Conclusões: Novas terapias têm sido desenvolvidas para abordagem do recém-nascido com Doença Hemolítica Perinatal como as fototerapias de alta intensidade e a imunoglobulina humana inespecífica, levando a uma diminuição no uso da exsangüineotransfusão, porém esta ainda é uma técnica usada em casos graves de hiperbilirrubinemia.Vários eventos adversos são descritos em conseqüência deste procedimento e são na maioria das vezes assintomáticos e passiveis de correção, mas não podemos deixar de levar em consideração a gravidade do recém-nascido antes do procedimento,além da experiência clínica do profissional que realizará o procedimento. Apesar da intervenção terapêutica precoce os pacientes com fatores de risco(Bt máx mais ou menos 20mg/dl,asfixia,hipoproteinemia e prematuridade) tiveram um prognóstico neurológico pior. / Introduction: The hemolytic disease secondary to rhesus alloimmunization is caused by the incompatib ility between the mother's and the newborn’s blood, leading to the destruction of fetal r ed blood cells and without treatment the fetuses more severely affected can di e intra-uterus. Afte r the delivery the newborn’s disease can result in j aundice, anemia, cerebral damage, heart failure and death. Since the introducti on of the prophylaxis anti-Rh D the number of newborn with hemolytic dis ease has been falling drastically in developed countries, however that is not the Brazilian reality. Objective : Describe the practices used to tr eat the patients with the hemolytic disease secondary to rhesus alloimmunizati on, who were born at IFF in the last 10 years. Describing clinical data, lab abnormalities, therapeutic approach and immunohematologic characteristic of their mothers. Material and methods: Its was done a cohort of 300 newborns of pregnant women’s with alloimmunization by Rh ant ibody, with babies Instituto Fernandes Figueira in the period of January 1995 to December 2004. The program EPI 6 made the statistical analyses. Results: The mostly found antibody in the pregnant women was the anti-D, and the severity of the hemolytic diseas e didn't have relationship with the types of antibodies. The beginning of the prenatal in our unit is late, but even so most are healthy. Deaths or hydrops ar e around 7%. It was evidenced a newborns fall of 50% in patients undergoing the exchange transfusion after the year 2000, coinciding with the introduction of the Biliberço® and use of the intravenous immunoglobulin, without affecting their prognos tic. Our mortality rate related to the exchange transfusion was of 0,7% and the one related to adverse events was of 61% , being the most co mmon thrombocytopenia (< 50.000) and hypocalcemia. The most serious events were bradycardia or heart arrhythmia and bleeding. These disturbances were mo re prevalent in the patients whose clinical conditions were unstable bef ore exchange transfusion. Factors as critical levels of bilirubin ( ≥ 20 mg/dl), prematurity, hydrops fetalis and asphyxia, worsen the neurological prognostic (deafness and bilirubin encephalopathy). Conclusions: New therapies have been developed for the approach of the newborns with hemolytic disease as the phototherapy of high intensity and the intravenous immunoglobulin, leading to a dec rease in the use of the exchange transfusions, but this is still a saving life technique in the serious cases of hiperbilirrubinemia. Several adverse ev ents are described as a consequence of this procedure and most of the ti me they show no symptoms and are susceptible to correction, but we have consider the severity of the patient’s clinical conditions and the professional's skill. Besides the early therapeutic intervention in patients with risk factors (BT máx ≥ 20 mg/dl, the preterm infants, hydrops fetalis and asphyxia) it had a worse neurological prognostic.
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Doença hemolítica perinatal: fatores de risco e abordagem terepêutica

Seidl, Valeria January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T12:22:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 69594.pdf: 1287197 bytes, checksum: 097f898f1364f075660a2a3257570c38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco associados à necessidade de exsanguíneotransfusão (EXT) em gestações acometidas por doença hemolítica perinatal (DHPN) e avaliar a influência da terapêutica aplicada. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo de coorte e analisados 124 casos referentes a nascimentos de crianças com DHPN no período de abril de 2006 a junho de 2009, cujo parto ocorreu no Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Dados da história materna, pré-natal, parto e recém-nascido foram avaliados quanto a sua relação com a necessidade de transfusão intrauterina (TIU) e com o desfecho grave da doença, definido por EXT. Resultados: Paridade (RR:1,22; IC:1,00-1,49), história de filhos com doença (RR:3,21; IC:1,27-7,99) e hidropisia fetal (RR:1,86; IC:1,11-3,11) são fatores de risco importantes para a necessidade de TIU. Realização de TIU (RR:1,82; IC:1,12-2,97), parto normal (RR:0,53; IC:0,30-0,93), icterícia (RR:2,31; IC: 1,46-3,68), nível de hematócrito ao nascimento (RR:0,95; IC:0,93-0,98), bilirrubina total máxima durante a internação (RR:1,23; IC:1,16-1,31), tempo de fototerapia (RR:0,90; IC:0,85-0,95) e tempo total de internação (RR:097; IC:0,95-0,99), são variáveis que estabelecem relação independente e estatisticamente significativa com o desfecho de gravidade. A necessidade de EXT após TIU difere entre fetos menos graves (RR: 1,29; IC:0,94-1,77) e mais graves (RR: 1,61; IC:1,11-2,34). Conclusão: A identificação de fatores de risco é possível e importante para o cuidado do recém-nascido no período neonatal precoce acometido por DHPN. O impacto da terapêutica no desfecho neonatal varia de acordo com a gravidade no momento do diagnóstico. / Objective : To identify the major risk factors related to exchange transfusion (EXT) in pregnancies afflicted with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and to evaluate the influence of applied therapy . Methods: A cohort study of 124 infants born with HDFN between A pril 2006 and June 2009 at the Fernandes Figuei ra National Institute . Data on maternal history, prenatal care, delivery and neonatal paramet ers were subjected to analysis to de termine their relationship with the need for i ntrauterine transfusion (IUT) du ring prenatal care and severe disease outcome, represented by EXT. Results: Parity (RR:1,22; C I :1,00 - 1,49) , obstetric history related to HDFN (RR:3,21; C I :1,27 - 7,99) and hydrops fetalis (RR:1,86; C I :1,11 - 3,11) are important risk factors related with the need for IUT. The need for IUT (RR:1,82; C I :1,12 - 2,97), vaginal delivery (RR:0,53; C I :0,30 - 0,93), jaundice (RR:2,31; C I : 1,46 - 3,68), hematocrit level at birth (RR:0,95; C I :0,93 - 0,98), peak serum bilirubin leve ls during hospitalization (RR:1,23; C I :1,16 - 1,31), duration of phototherapy (RR:0,90; CI:0,85 - 0,95) and total duration of hospital stay (RR:097; C I :0,95 - 0,99 ) were the variables found to establish an independent and statistically significant relationship w ith severe outcome. The need for EXT after IUT was different between fetus with less severe disease (RR: 1,29; C I :0,94 - 1,77) and more severe disease (RR: 1,61; C I :1,11 - 2,34). Conclusion: To identify risk factors is possible and important in early neonatal assistance of newborn afflicted with HDFN. The impact of therapy on the neonatal outcome depends on severity of the disease at the moment of diagnosis.

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