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Structural and functional characterization of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) protein-derived antioxidant and antihypertensive peptidesGirgih, Abraham T. January 2013 (has links)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to produce enzymatic hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPH) followed by bioassay guided fractionation to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive peptides. Therefore, simulated gastrointestinal digestion of isolated hemp seed proteins was conducted using consecutive actions of pepsin and pancreatin to produce HPH, which was then separated by membrane ultrafiltration to obtain peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa. Evaluation of HPH and its membrane fractions for antioxidant and antihypertensive properties showed that they significantly (P<0.05) scavenged radicals, reduced and strongly chelated metal ions as well as inhibited lipid oxidation. During a 24-hr test, the HPH reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after oral administration by a maximum of -30 mmHg when compared to -15 mmHg for the membrane fractions.
To reduce production cost, hemp seed protein meal (HPM) was directly hydrolyzed to a protein hydrolysate (HMH) and was shown to also reduce SBP during 4-8 weeks of dietary feeding. The attenuation of SBP correlated to suppressed plasma levels (0.047-0.059 U/mL and 0.040-0.054 µg/mL) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin, respectively, when compared to the control rats (0.123 U/mL and 0.151 µg/mL). A total of 23 peptides were identified to be present in the HPH. WVYY and PSLPA showed superior in vitro antioxidant properties, while ACE activity was inhibited by WYT (89%), WVYY (91%) and PSLPA (90%). Renin activity was inhibited by WYT (77%), SVYT (87%) and IPAGV (75%). However, oral administration to SHR showed that the pentapeptides (PSLPA and IPAGV) were more effective SBP-reducing agents (-40 mm Hg) when compared to the tri- (-13 mmHg) and tetrapeptides (-36 mmHg). These results show for the first time in literature, the bioactive properties of hemp seed peptides and indicate their potential use as ingredients to formulate antioxidant and antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Structural and functional characterization of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) protein-derived antioxidant and antihypertensive peptidesGirgih, Abraham T. January 2013 (has links)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to produce enzymatic hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPH) followed by bioassay guided fractionation to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive peptides. Therefore, simulated gastrointestinal digestion of isolated hemp seed proteins was conducted using consecutive actions of pepsin and pancreatin to produce HPH, which was then separated by membrane ultrafiltration to obtain peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa. Evaluation of HPH and its membrane fractions for antioxidant and antihypertensive properties showed that they significantly (P<0.05) scavenged radicals, reduced and strongly chelated metal ions as well as inhibited lipid oxidation. During a 24-hr test, the HPH reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after oral administration by a maximum of -30 mmHg when compared to -15 mmHg for the membrane fractions.
To reduce production cost, hemp seed protein meal (HPM) was directly hydrolyzed to a protein hydrolysate (HMH) and was shown to also reduce SBP during 4-8 weeks of dietary feeding. The attenuation of SBP correlated to suppressed plasma levels (0.047-0.059 U/mL and 0.040-0.054 µg/mL) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin, respectively, when compared to the control rats (0.123 U/mL and 0.151 µg/mL). A total of 23 peptides were identified to be present in the HPH. WVYY and PSLPA showed superior in vitro antioxidant properties, while ACE activity was inhibited by WYT (89%), WVYY (91%) and PSLPA (90%). Renin activity was inhibited by WYT (77%), SVYT (87%) and IPAGV (75%). However, oral administration to SHR showed that the pentapeptides (PSLPA and IPAGV) were more effective SBP-reducing agents (-40 mm Hg) when compared to the tri- (-13 mmHg) and tetrapeptides (-36 mmHg). These results show for the first time in literature, the bioactive properties of hemp seed peptides and indicate their potential use as ingredients to formulate antioxidant and antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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OPTIMIZING CANNABIS SATIVA CULTIVATION TO INCREASE HIGH ADDED-VALUE COMPOUNDS IN SEED AND THRESHING RESIDUECALZOLARI, DAVIDE 27 March 2018 (has links)
Il rinnovato interesse nella coltivazione della canapa industriale non è stato supportato da studi approfonditi e generalmente si basa su esperienze dirette di coltivazione. Questo studio si prefigge come obbiettivo quello di sfruttare tutte la parti della pianta di canapa per migliorare l’economicità complessiva della sua coltivazione tramite l’uso di tecniche agronomiche e di pratiche post-raccolta. La Cannabis sativa ha un vasto campo di applicazioni, tra cui le più promettenti in termini di ritorno economico sono il cosmetico e il farmaceutico. I composti naturali più interessanti della Cannabis sono i cannabinoidi non-psicoattivi cannabidiolo (CBD) e cannabigerolo (CBG) presenti in elevate concentrazioni nelle foglie e nelle brattee di Cannabis. Altri metaboliti secondari prodotti dalla canapa e di grande interesse sono le cannflavine, una classe di prenil-flavonoidi caratteristico di questa specie. Nel primo e nel secondo capitolo la dinamica temporale di accumulo dei metaboliti secondari ad elevato valore aggiunto è stata monitorata per alcune delle varietà più comuni di canapa industriale ed è stata determinata la produzione potenziale di questi composti. Nel terzo capitolo una collezione di semi di canapa è stata valutata per le caratteristiche morfologiche e per il contenuto e la qualità dell’olio. Concludendo questo studio contribuisce allo sviluppo di una coltivazione della canapa per le molteplici destinazioni d’uso dei semi e del fitocomplesso. / Rapidly growing interest into industrial hemp cultivation is not supported by strong data and generally is referred to a limited experience on field cultivation. This study aims to exploit all the parts of hemp plant, in order to ameliorate the overall economy of its cultivation and by providing information on agronomic management and post-harvest operations. Cannabis sativa has a wide range of industrial applications and the most promising, in terms of economic revenues, are the cosmetic and pharmaceutics. The most interesting phytochemicals in Cannabis are the cannabinoids, in particular the non-intoxicating compounds cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), present at high concentration in the leaves and bracts of Cannabis. Some other promising secondary metabolites of hemp are cannflavins, a class of prenyl-flavonoids characteristic of this species. In the first and second chapter the time course accumulation of high added-value compounds was monitored for some of the most common industrial hemp cultivars, and the potential production was assessed. In the third chapter a collection of hemp seeds was evaluated for its morphological characteristics and for its oil content and quality. In conclusion this thesis contributes to a further development of multipurpose hemp cultivation for seed and phytocomplex production.
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Revalorización de subproductos procedentes de la semilla del cáñamo (Cannabis sativa) para la obtención de biomateriales respetuosos con el medio ambiente.Lerma Cantó, Alejandro 08 July 2024 (has links)
[ES] Un uso indiscriminado de los plásticos ha dado lugar a una crisis medioambiental de proporciones significativas. La lenta degradación y alta persistencia de estos materiales en el medio ambiente han ocasionado la acumulación de residuos plásticos en los océanos y en entornos naturales. Este fenómeno plantea desafíos urgentes y ha impulsado un intenso interés en la búsqueda de soluciones sostenibles para abordar esta problemática. Este contexto brinda el escenario ideal para la investigación propuesta en esta tesis doctoral, titulada "Revalorización de Subproductos procedentes de la semilla de cáñamo (Cannabis sativa) para la obtención de biomateriales respetuosos con el medio ambiente". La semilla de cáñamo, con sus notables propiedades y componentes naturales, se presenta como un recurso prometedor para la creación de biomateriales que aborden los desafíos ambientales derivados del uso excesivo de plásticos. Esta tesis se adentrará en la exploración de métodos y técnicas para la extracción y transformación de subproductos de la semilla de cáñamo, con el objetivo de obtener biomateriales innovadores y sostenibles. La semilla de cáñamo posee un destacado potencial en el ámbito de los biopolímeros gracias a su rico contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Además, la harina de semilla de cáñamo incluye una composición rica en proteínas, carbohidratos y residuos lignocelulósicos. Estos elementos constituyen los bloques de construcción fundamentales para la creación de biopolímeros naturales y biodegradables, lo que abre una vía hacia una alternativa más sostenible en comparación con los polímeros sintéticos convencionales. El aprovechamiento de la semilla de cáñamo en la producción de biopolímeros se presenta como una estrategia prometedora en la búsqueda de soluciones amigables con el medio ambiente en el campo de los materiales. La tesis doctoral actual se enfoca en la evaluación de la viabilidad de utilizar la semilla de cáñamo como una fuente renovable y funcional en la esfera de los biopolímeros. Este proyecto de investigación aborda un proceso de extracción que busca evaluar la posibilidad de efectuar modificaciones químicas en los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados contenidos en el aceite de cáñamo. La obtención del aceite de semilla de cáñamo maleinizado (ACM) tras realizar la modificación química mencionada, permite la implementación de este como plastificante de origen biológico en biopolímeros que, por naturaleza, suelen ser rígidos y quebradizos, como el PLA (ácido poliláctico). Además, el ACM puede desempeñar un papel como compatibilizante en la interacción entre las moléculas apolares, que conforman las matrices poliméricas, y las cargas lignocelulósicas, como la harina de cáñamo, que se introducen con el propósito de reducir el impacto ambiental y potenciar la revalorización de subproductos derivados de la semilla de cáñamo. De igual manera, puede actuar como compatibilizante entre polímeros que son parcialmente inmiscibles entre ellos, como puede ser la mezcla del PLA y del TPS (almidón termoplástico). De igual manera que se ha llevado a cabo la obtención del ACM, y se ha utilizado como plastificante y compatibilizante en mezclas de polímeros, también se ha desarrollado un aceite epoxidado de cáñamo (ACE). Gracias a la obtención de este nuevo aceite modificado químicamente se ha podido llegar a desarrollar una resina termoestable basada al 100% en ACE como base de la resina epoxi y el ACM como endurecedor bio en la mezcla resultante. Finalmente, cabe destacar que las investigaciones realizadas en el marco de esta tesis doctoral han representado un valioso enfoque en la utilización de la semilla de cáñamo como una fuente de materia prima sostenible en la creación de compuestos activos destinados a la industria de los biopolímeros. Por esto, se han desarrollado nuevos compatibilizantes y plastificantes gracias a la obtención del ACM y del ACE, la utilización de la harina de semilla de cáñamo en matrices poliméricas. / [CA] Un ús indiscriminat dels plàstics ha provocat una crisi ambiental de dimensions significatives. La lenta degradació i l'alta persistència d'aquests materials en el medi ambient han ocasionat l'acumulació de residus plàstics en els oceans i en entorns naturals. Aquest fenomen planteja reptes urgents i ha impulsat un intens interès en la recerca de solucions sostenibles per abordar aquesta problemàtica. Aquest context proporciona l'escenari ideal per a la investigació proposada en aquesta tesi doctoral, titulada "Revalorització de Subproductes procedents de la llavor de cànem (Cannabis sativa) per a l'obtenció de biomaterials respectuosos amb el medi ambient". La llavor de cànem, amb les seues notables propietats i components naturals, es presenta com una font prometedora per a la creació de biomaterials que aborden els reptes ambientals derivats de l'ús excessiu de plàstics. Aquesta tesi s'endinsarà en l'exploració de mètodes i tècniques per a l'extracció i transformació de subproductes de la llavor de cànem, amb l'objectiu d'obtenir biomaterials innovadors i sostenibles. La llavor de cànem posseeix un destacat potencial en l'àmbit dels biopolímers gràcies al seu ric contingut d'àcids grassos poliinsaturats. A més, la farina de llavor de cànem inclou una composició rica en proteïnes, carbohidrats i residus lignocel·lulòsics. Aquests elements constitueixen els blocs de construcció fonamentals per a la creació de biopolímers naturals i biodegradables, obrint una via cap a una alternativa més sostenible en comparació amb els polímers sintètics convencionals. L'aprofitament de la llavor de cànem en la producció de biopolímers es presenta com una estratègia prometedora en la recerca de solucions amigables amb el medi ambient en el camp dels materials. La tesi doctoral actual se centra en l'avaluació de la viabilitat d'utilitzar la llavor de cànem com a font renovable i funcional en l'esfera dels biopolímers. Aquest projecte de recerca aborda un procés d'extracció que busca avaluar la possibilitat de realitzar modificacions químiques en els àcids grassos poliinsaturats continguts en l'oli de cànem. L'obtenció de l'oli de llavor de cànem maleïnit (ACM) després de realitzar la modificació química esmentada, permet la seua implementació com a plastificant d'origen biològic en biopolímers que, per naturalesa, solen ser rígids i trencadissos, com l'àcid polilàctic (PLA). A més, el ACM pot jugar un paper com a compatibilitzant en la interacció entre les molècules apolars, que conformen les matrius polimèriques, i les càrregues lignocel·lulòsiques, com la farina de cànem, que s'introdueixen amb el propòsit de reduir l'impacte ambiental i potenciar la revalorització de subproductes derivats de la llavor de cànem. De la mateixa manera, pot actuar com a compatibilitzant entre polímers que són parcialment inmiscibles entre ells, com pot ser la barreja del PLA i del TPS (almidó termoplàstic). De la mateixa manera que s'ha dut a terme l'obtenció del ACM, i s'ha utilitzat com a plastificant i compatibilitzant en mesclades de polímers, també s'ha desenvolupat un oli epoxidat de cànem (ACE). Gràcies a l'obtenció d'aquest nou oli modificat químicament s'ha pogut arribar a desenvolupar una resina termoestable basada al 100% en ACE com a base de la resina epoxi i el ACM com a endureixedor biològic en la mescla resultant. Finalment, cal destacar que les investigacions realitzades en el marc d'aquesta tesi doctoral han representat un valuós enfocament en la utilització de la llavor de cànem com a font de matèria primera sostenible en la creació de compostos actius destinats a la indústria dels biopolímers. Per això, s'han desenvolupat nous compatibilitzants i plastificants gràcies a l'obtenció del ACM i de l'ACE, la utilització de la farina de llavor de cànem en matrius polimèriques i, finalment, l'obtenció d'una resina epoxi que es troba 100% desenvolupada amb subproductes de la llavor de cànem. / [EN] Indiscriminate use of plastics has led to a significant environmental crisis. The slow degradation and high persistence of these materials in the environment have resulted in the accumulation of plastic waste in oceans and natural settings. This phenomenon poses urgent challenges and has spurred intense interest in finding sustainable solutions to address this issue. This context provides the ideal backdrop for the research proposed in this doctoral thesis, "Valorization of Byproducts from Hemp Seeds (Cannabis sativa) for the Production of Environmentally Friendly Biomaterials." With their remarkable properties and natural components, hemp seeds emerge as a promising resource for creating biomaterials that address environmental challenges stemming from excessive plastic use. This thesis will delve into the exploration of methods and techniques for the extraction and transformation of hemp seed byproducts, with the aim of producing innovative and sustainable biomaterials. Hemp seeds hold significant potential in biopolymers due to their rich content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, hemp seed meal includes a composition rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and lignocellulosic residues. These elements constitute the fundamental building blocks for creating natural and biodegradable biopolymers, paving the way for a more sustainable alternative than conventional synthetic polymers. Leveraging hemp seeds in biopolymer production presents a promising strategy for eco friendly material solutions. The current doctoral thesis focuses on evaluating the feasibility of using hemp seeds as a renewable and functional source in the field of biopolymers. This research project encompasses an extraction process that aims to assess the possibility of making chemical modifications to the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in hemp oil. The production of maleinized hemp seed oil (ACM) after the mentioned chemical modification allows its implementation as a biological plasticizer in biopolymers, which tend to be naturally rigid and brittle, such as polylactic acid (PLA). Additionally, ACM can act as a compatibilizer in the interaction between nonpolar molecules, forming the polymeric matrices, and lignocellulosic fillers, such as hemp seed meal, introduced to reduce environmental impact and enhance the valorization of hemp seed byproducts. It can also act as a compatibilizer between partially immiscible polymers, such as the blend of PLA and thermoplastic starch (TPS). Similarly, to the development of ACM for use as a plasticizer and compatibilizer in polymer blends, an epoxidized hemp oil (ACE) has been developed. This chemically modified oil's acquisition led to the creation of a 100% ACE-based thermosetting resin as the foundation of epoxy resin, with ACM serving as a bio-based hardener in the resulting mixture. Finally, it is worth noting that the research conducted within the framework of this doctoral thesis has represented a valuable approach to utilizing hemp seeds as a source of sustainable raw materials in the creation of active compounds for the biopolymer industry. This has led to the development of new compatibilizers and plasticizers through the acquisition of ACM and ACE, the use of hemp seed meal in polymeric matrices, and, lastly, the production of an epoxy resin entirely derived from hemp seed byproducts. / Lerma Cantó, A. (2024). Revalorización de subproductos procedentes de la semilla del cáñamo (Cannabis sativa) para la obtención de biomateriales respetuosos con el medio ambiente [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/205829
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