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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Herbal Supplements

Misner, Scottie 05 1900 (has links)
3 pp. / The number and variety of available herbal medicines have exploded since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This article provides information and practical tips that help in understand what?›????s available and help sort through the dizzying array of products.
2

Antifungal secondary metabolites from some Indian Labiatae

Cecotti, Roberto January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
3

The use of 'dry sex' traditional medicines by Zambian women

Mbikusita-Lewanika, Mbololwa January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
4

Phytochemical and toxicological studies of some Botswanan plants used in traditional medicine

Magora, Baboloki Helen January 2003 (has links)
Traditional medicine is widely used in Botswana and in recent years a number of plant species have been submitted to the Botswana Police Forensic Science Laboratory by the Police as exhibits in cases of suspected poisoning by herbal medicine. The request would be for the forensic toxicologist to establish whether the plant material is toxic or not. In this study a selection of these plants are being investigated phytochemically and toxicologically. These include: Jatropha erythropoda Pax. (Euphorbiaceae), Cassia italica (E11.) Lam. Ex. (Leguminosae), Asclepiasfruticosa L. (Asclepiadaceae), Albizzia brevifolia Schinz (Leguminosae), Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) and Enicostemma axillare L. (Gentianaceae). A DNA-based test capable of identifying the species from powdered fragments of the plant material has also been developed in this project. Albizzia brevifolia, Enicostemma axillare and Jatropha erythropoda have not been investigated before; neither phytochemically nor toxicologically. Dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts of each of the plants were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of four cell lines - three human and one murine cell line. While all extracts exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity, extracts from A. fruticosa were found to be the most toxic with LD50 values for the crude extracts of 1.3 -3.4. tg/ml. Phytochemical investigation of the extracts revealed the presence of a variety of secondary metabolites from the plants. A. brevifolia yielded terpenoids, phenolics, phenolic glycosides, a component of procyanidins, a lignan glycoside and sugars. E. axillare yielded terpenoids, a secoiridoid, and sugars, whereas A. mexicana yielded alkaloids. Investigation of C. italica and J. erythropoda revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and sugars and that of A. fruticosa the presence of cardenolide glycosides. Among the compounds isolated and tested for toxicity, sanguinarine, an alkaloid from A. mexicana, was found to be the most toxic with an LD50 value of 0.22-1.4tg/ml1. The compound expresses toxicity by inhibiting Na/K ATPases and by intercalating with DNA bases and thus interfering with the replication process. Swertiamarin, the secoiridoid isolated from E. axillare, constituted about 10% of the dichloromethane extract of this plant, which showed significant toxicity. The plant also yielded swertiamarin as about 60% of the methanol extractive, which in contrast did not show any toxicity. Swertiamarin itself did not show toxicity at the levels tested, an indication that it is not responsible for the toxicity exhibited by the dichloromethane extract. However, secoirridoids such as swertiamarin might transform in vivo to toxic alkaloids. The phenolic compounds (and their glycosides), isolated from A. brevifolia, exhibited very weak or no toxicity, whereas the terpenoid, betulinic acid, showed some cytotoxicity. Another terpenoid, which was isolated from the plant, lupeol, is reported to be cytotoxic. The extracts of the plant showed significant toxicity, especially the methanol extract. The toxicity exhibited by betulinic acid could not account for the toxicity displayed by the extracts, particularly the methanol extract. This toxicity is perhaps due to other compound(s) that were not isolated or to synergistic activity. A DNA-based test has been developed for species identification using allele specific amplicons that show polymorphisms in the length of DNA sequences between two conserved primers. This is going to allow the species identification in cases where only small amounts of plant material are available, sometimes in mixture form. This will particularly be useful where there are no unique chemical markers to be used for identification. The test, is Polymerase Chain Reaction-based (PCR) and therefore very sensitive. Once the species is known more of it can be collected from the source or the wild to allow detailed toxicological and phytochemical work.
5

Student Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards Herbal Medications: A Pilot Test at One University

Ling, Jessica, Tang, Diana January 2012 (has links)
Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To determine pharmacy students' knowledge and attitudes towards herbal medicine, and to identify factors that have the most influence on herbal knowledge. Subjects: Students in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th years of the Doctor of Pharmacy program at the University of Arizona. Methods: Questionnaires administered during regularly scheduled classes and email collected knowledge, attitudes, and demographic data. This included age, gender, highest level of education, completion of herbal medication/OTC course, practice site, availability of herbals and herbal information at the practice site, and use of herbal medication in a family member. Main Results: Questionnaires were completed by 270 out of the 395 students enrolled in pharmacy school. An average of 4.8 ± 3.02 out of the 14 questions (34%) were answered correctly on the knowledge section. Pharmacy students agreed that providing information about herbal medication is a pharmacist's professional responsibility and that an elective course on herbal medications would be useful (mean = 3.31 ± 1.52 and 3.73 ± 1.32 respectively on a scale of 0-5 where 5 = strongly agree and 0 = do not agree). Pharmacy school year and completion of an herbal/OTC course were the largest contributing factors to higher scores on the knowledge portion. Conclusions: With an average knowledge score of less than 50% and average rating of less than 2.5 out of 5, pharmacy students have a weak understanding and a low confidence level in recommending and counseling patients on herbal medications. Requiring a course that includes herbal medications may be beneficial.
6

Antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity profiles of conventional antimicrobial agents in combination with commercially relevant southern African medicinal plants

Hubsch, Zelna 27 August 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M.Pharm.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014. / Traditional medicine plays a vital role in the cultural heritage of many South Africans, with at least 80% of the population relying on medicinal plants for their primary source of healthcare. It has been acknowledged that even in some of the finest hospitals in South Africa, people are often found to be using traditional medicine in combination with conventional treatment regimens. Despite the substantial use of medicinal plants in South Africa, limited information is available on the interactive properties between commercially relevant, southern African medicinal plants and conventional drugs. Furthermore, the potential for toxicity of these combinations has been sorely neglected. In orthodox medicine, antimicrobials such as antibiotics and antifungals are amongst the most commonly prescribed group of drugs. Therefore, there is a high probability for the concurrent use of these two forms of healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive antimicrobial and toxicity profiles, when seven conventional antimicrobial agents (amphotericin B, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nystatin, penicillin G and tetracycline) were combined with the essential oils, aqueous and organic extracts of seven medicinal plants (Agathosma betulina, Aloe ferox, Artemisia afra, Aspalathus linearis, Lippia javanica, Pelargonium sidoides and Sutherlandia frutescens). The antimicrobial activity of the plant samples and conventional antimicrobials were evaluated, alone and in combination, using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against two yeasts, three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The combinations were further evaluated using the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) assessment. Combinations demonstrating notable synergistic or antagonistic interactions were studied in various ratios (isobolograms). Toxicity of the antimicrobials and plant samples were assessed, individually and in combination, using the brine-shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay on human kidney epithelial cells (Graham or HEK-293 cell line). A total of 476 combinations were assessed for interactive antimicrobial potential. Of these combinations, 14.29% were synergistic, 7.56% antagonistic, 35.71% additive and 42.44% indifferent in nature. Some notable interactions were identified, such as the combination of A. linearis (aqueous and organic extract) with penicillin G, where a synergistic profile was most often seen against the three tested Gram-positive micro-organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis), with ΣFIC values ranging from 0.01 (synergistic) to 0.94 (additive). Further notable interactions included A. betulina and S. frutescens, when combined with ciprofloxacin and tested against E. coli, which demonstrated a favourable synergistic profile, and could be of importance in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In the BSLA, the notable interactions that were tested demonstrated no toxic effect. In the MTT cellular viability assay, the only combination demonstrating possible toxicity was that of A. linearis (aqueous and organic extract) in combination with nystatin (inhibitory effects of 73.76 ± 3.36% and 56.88 ± 6.61%, respectively). Therefore, concurrent use should be cautioned and further in vivo studies warranted. In conclusion, most combinations were found to be non-interactive, alleviating some of the concern related to the concurrent use of the two forms of healthcare. However, some notable combinations were identified, which could possibly have an impact on conventional treatment regimens. Therefore, further in vivo testing is warranted to support the in vitro findings.
7

Reasons given by caregivers for administering African herbal medicine to children at St Rita's Hospital in Sekhukhune district of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Moshabela, M M 29 May 2010 (has links)
Thesis (M Med (Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2008. / The current study explores reasons provided by caregivers for the administration of African traditional medicines in children. This study seeks to understand the caregivers‟ knowledge, motivation, and the context for traditional medicine administration. The study took place in the children‟s ward at St. Rita‟s Provincial Hospital in Sekhukhune District of Limpopo. An explorative qualitative design was adopted using free-attitude interviews. Purposeful sampling was used to select nine key informants. Healthcare is sought for preventive and curative purposes, depending on mothers‟ cultural beliefs, from either traditional or conventional systems, or both. Contexts of health care include home, traditional, faith and conventional. Perception and differentiation childhood illness form the basis of healthcare-seeking behaviour. Mothers show varying patterns of healthcare utilization with respect to severity of childhood illness. Identity and authority factors act as internal and external stimuli, respectively, in administration traditional medicine to children. The mothers‟ patterns of seeking care in the health system suggest childcare pluralism. Since mothers advocate for their children, and defend their culture, modifying their care-seeking behaviour requires acknowledgement of their cultural practices. The collective household decision-making necessitates endorsement of holistic family-oriented iv practices. Reduction of traditional medicine toxicity requires emphasis of preventive and health promotion strategies.
8

The treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema) with traditional Chinese herbs.

Frey, Matthew. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
9

Induction of tumor necrosis factor by subfractions from Chinese medicinal herbs.

January 1993 (has links)
by Suk-Fung Tsang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-112). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Abbreviation --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- TNF molecule / Chapter 1.2 --- Molecular biosynthesis of TNF / Chapter 1.3 --- Antitumor activity of TNF / Chapter 1.4 --- Macrophage-mediated immunity / Chapter 1.5 --- Endogenous production of TNF / Chapter 1.6 --- LPS : the potent inducer for TNF release / Chapter 1.7 --- Natural product: as primer or inducer / Chapter 1.8 --- Aim of this project / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.2 --- Animals / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell line / Chapter 2.4 --- Transformed cell line : EAT cells invivo / Chapter 2.5 --- Reagents / Chapter 2.6 --- Methods / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Preparation of sample --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Alcohol precipitaion of Bupleuri radix / Chapter 3.2 --- Endogenous TNF production by BR fractions / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Purification of BRI --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Gel filtration chromatography of BRI / Chapter 4.2 --- Anion exchange chromatography / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Purification of PQI --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Gel filtration chromatography of PQI / Chapter 5.2 --- Anion exchange chromatography / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Capacity of BR and PQ as eliciting agent for endogenous TNF production --- p.62 / Chapter 6.1 --- Time course of endogenous TNF production by BRI subfractions / Chapter 6.2 --- Time course of endogenous TNF production by PQI subfractions / Chapter 6.3 --- BRI subfractions as eliciting agents / Chapter 6.4 --- PQI subfractions as eliciting agents / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Are BR and PQ priming agents in endogenous TNF production ? --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Priming by intraperitoneal route / Chapter 7.2 --- Priming by intravenous route / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Removal of LPS by acetic acid treatment --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Antitumor activities of BRI subfractionsin relationship with TNF production --- p.86 / Chapter 9.1 --- BRI subfraction as eliciting agent / Chapter 9.2 --- Pretreatment with BRIA subfractions followed by LPS treatment / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.95 / Bibliography --- p.101
10

Physical and biological activities of a chymotrypsin-specific inhibitor purified from the seeds of momordica cochinchinensis.

January 2003 (has links)
by Yuen-Kam Tsoi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-173). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / List of figures --- p.vii / List of tables --- p.x / Abbreviations --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Purification and characterization of the chymotrypsin inhibitor (MCCI) from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction l / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification of protease inhibitor --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Therapeutic potential of protease inhibitors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Materials --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Preparation of chymotrypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity column --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Protein extraction --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Chymotrypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- Assays for protease inhibitory activities --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.6.1 --- Assay for chymotrypsin activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.6.2 --- Assay for trypsin activity --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.6.3 --- Assay for elastase activity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.6.4 --- Assay for subtilisin activity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.7 --- Determination of protein concentration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.8 --- Titration of chymotrypsin --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.9 --- Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.10 --- Determination of molecular weight by mass spectrometry --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.11 --- Partial amino acid sequencing --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.12 --- Effects of chymotrypsin on MCCI --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.13 --- Stability assay --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Results --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Isolation of MCCI from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- N-terminal amino acid sequencing --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Determination of molecular weight --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Inhibitory activity of MCCI towards different proteases --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Effects of chymotrypsin on MCCI --- p.37 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Stability of MCCI on heating and at different pH --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5 --- Discussion --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Immunomodulatory effect of MCCI / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction of the immune system and protease inhibitors --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Materials --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Isolation of different types of immune cells --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Determination of cell proliferation --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Determination of H2O2 formation --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Assay of interleukin-2 --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Determination of cell viability --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Murine splenocytes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- In vitro effect of MCCI on the proliferation of murine splenocytes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Effect of MCCI on cytokine production --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Murine lymphocytes --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- In vitro effect of MCCI on the proliferation of lymphocytes --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Effect of MCCI on cytokine production --- p.66 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Murine neutrophills --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Effect of MCCI on H2O2 formation --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Murine macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.1 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.2 --- Effect of external ATP on the growth of macrophages --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.5.3 --- Effect of ATP on the growth of macrophages pre-treated with MCCI --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4.5.4 --- Effect of MCCI on the growth of macrophages pre-treated with ATP --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4.5.5 --- Effect of MCCI on H201production --- p.79 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Anti-oxidative effect of MCCI in primary rat hepatocytes culture / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Liver disease and protease inhibitors --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Primary rat hepatocyte as a pharmacological model --- p.93 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- tert-Butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidative stress inducer --- p.94 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Endogenous antioxidant enzymes against ROS --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Materials --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Isolation of primary rat hepatocytes --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Liver perfusion --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Preparation of collagen pre-coated culture plates --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Hepatocytes culturing --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Drug treatment and oxidative stress induction --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cytotoxicity assessment --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Cellular GSH content determination --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Protein determination by Lowry's method --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Medium MDA determination --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Medium GSSG determination --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Antioxidant enzymes measurement --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.9.1 --- Catalase measurement --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.9.2 --- SOD measurement --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.9.3 --- GST measurement --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.9.4 --- GR measurement --- p.110 / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI on rat hepatocytes --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effect of tBHP and MCCI on hepatocytes viability --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effects of tBHP and MCCI on hepatocytes GSH and GSSG content --- p.117 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of MCCI on lipid peroxidation of hepatocytes --- p.121 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of MCCI on antioxidant enzymes activities --- p.121 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Comparison with typical antioxidants --- p.125 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.127 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI on tumor cell lines / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Relationship between protease inhibitors and cancer --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Cell cycle and apoptosis --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.140 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cell culture --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- MTT assay --- p.142 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.142 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- DNA fragmentation --- p.143 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.136 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Cytotoxicity of MCCI --- p.144 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis --- p.147 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.152 / Conclusion and future perspectives --- p.157 / References --- p.160

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