Current debates on design and manufacturing support the claim that the ‘Third Industrial Revolution’ has already started due to Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing. The process of solidifying liquid or powder using a binding agent or a melting laser can save time and transportation costs associated with importing primary material if locally sourced material is available. This research investigates a framework approach, titled SAFE, for discussing the functionality, economic viability, production feasibility, and aesthetic and cultural value lent by 3D printing on an architectural scale through a construction known as a Mashrabiya. This traditional window screen has distinguished aesthetic, cultural yet functional constraints, and there is a manufacturing gap in the market that makes it a viable product option to be 3D printed. The practical element and design process related to reviving this screen are examined, from complex geometry development to cost and fabrication estimations. 3D printing technologies potentially offer solutions to solve issues in construction and assembly times, reduce labour costs, and address the loss of hand craft making skills in a variety of cultures, typically Middle Eastern ones; this was a factor in the abandonment of old Mashrabiya in houses typified with Bahrain as a case. Presently, there is a growing wealth of literature that highlights not only the strength of Mashrabiya as a design concept but also as a possible 3D printed product. Interviews with a total of 42 local Bahraini manufacturers, academics and architects as well as 4 case studies and 2 surveys and 11 focus groups are hybrid mixed methods used to define a new 3D printed Mashrabiya (3DPM) prototype. The future of the 3D Mashrabiya prototype is further supported by economic forecasts, market research, and interviews with global manufacturers and 3D printing designers’ insights into the subject in an accretive design process. The research contributes to an understanding of the implications of technologies that enable mass customisation in the field of 3D-printed architecture in general and in the Bahraini market in particular. The process for developing a prototype screen and in determining its current economic value will prove significant in predicting the future benefits and obstacles of 3D-printed large scale architectural products in the coming five years as advised by industry experts. The main outcomes relate to establishing boundaries determining the validity of using 3D printing and a SAFE framework to produce a parametric Mashrabiya and other similar heritage architectural archetypes. This can be used to enhance the globalism of the design of Middle Eastern dwellings and to revive social identity and cultural traditions through innovative and reasonable yet superior design solutions using a hybrid architectural design language.

Among the most diverse categories of historical heritage, the edification is the one that is most present in a daily life of a community,it is an important way of cultural valorization through the generations. The preservation of a historic building in a contemporary city, for example, it implies not only the diversification of the urban landscape, but still in the maintenance of memory and the place identity. The appreciation of architectural historic heritage and the importance of its registration and preservation is an issue widely discussed. Therefore, very little is known about the architectural heritage of cities from recent settlement. The patrimonial properties are responsible for historical continuity of a community that is recognized as it is, and embodies their ideals and values, transcending generations. The use of material from the past is the essence of culture which transforms the cultural material in heritage. This work searches for the knowledge of the built properties of Santa Rosa City recognized as a cultural value. However, although there is their recognition, the lack of registration the historical knowledge and the consequent lack of disclosure of the importance of these models can lead to the disappearance of important urban icons. This work intends to collaborate in building of knowledge and serve as a warning about the necessity of studies, registrations and preservation actions turned to these architecture, through the realization of an inventory, in order to give the first steps in knowledge of Santa Rosa architecture. / Dentre as mais diversas categorias de patrimônio histórico, a edificação é a que se encontra mais presente na vida diária de uma comunidade, é um importante meio de valorização cultural ao longo das gerações. A preservação de uma edificação histórica em uma cidade contemporânea, por exemplo, implica não só na diversificação da paisagem urbana, mas ainda na manutenção da memória e identidade do lugar. A valorização do patrimônio histórico arquitetônico e a importância de seu registro e preservação é uma questão amplamente discutida. No entanto, muito pouco se conhece a cerca do patrimônio arquitetônico de cidades de colonização recente. Os bens patrimoniais são responsáveis pela continuidade histórica de uma comunidade que se reconhece como tal, e corporifica seus ideais e valores, transcendendo as gerações. O uso do material do passado é a essência da cultura e é aquilo que, por sua vez, transforma o material cultural em patrimônio. Este trabalho busca o conhecimento dos bens edificados do município de Santa Rosa reconhecidos como de valor cultural. Porém, embora exista este reconhecimento, a falta de registro, de conhecimento histórico e a conseqüente falta de divulgação da importância destes exemplares pode levar ao desaparecimento de importantes ícones urbanos. Este trabalho pretende colaborar na construção do conhecimento e servir de alerta quanto à necessidade de estudos, registros e ações preservacionistas voltadas para esta arquitetura, através da realização de um inventário, a fim de dar os primeiros passos no conhecimento da arquitetura da cidade de Santa Rosa.

Les études sur le patrimoine architectural bénéficient aujourd'hui de nombreuses méthodes numériques qui ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la conservation, l'analyse et le partage des connaissances, en particulier sur les sites complexes. Ces nouveaux outils se banalisent aujourd'hui, mais à quel point sont-ils désormais nécessaires voire indispensables pour les études architecturales et archéologiques ? Comment s'inscrivent-ils dans les différentes étapes du travail ?Nous aborderons ces questions principalement à propos de deux terrains d'expérimentation : le site de Saint-Syméon-le-stylite en Syrie et l'abbaye de Saint-Michel de Cuxa en France. La méthodologie mise en œuvre pour l'analyse et la restitution des élévations se fonde sur les outils et techniques numériques d'acquisition et de gestion d'information tridimensionnelle et sur leur mise en relation avec les problématiques archéologiques pour construire un dialogue entre ces deux domaines. A partir de cette réflexion, nous avons élaboré un protocole de travail à l'échelle de l'étude monographique d'un édifice spécifique du site de Saint-Syméon « La Résidence ».Cette recherche s'appuie sur une combinaison de plusieurs outils numériques appliquées à l'édifice en vue de son analyse et en les utilisant comme instrument privilégié d'aide à la réflexion archéologique, et non comme une fin en soi.La principale contribution de cette thèse porte sur la méthodologie de l'intégration de ces outils à l'approche archéologique. Cette approche met en valeur plusieurs axes, le dynamisme et l'interactivité du travail, le contexte interdisciplinaire et collectif, l'objectif de la documentation et la diffusion. / Nowadays, the heritage architectural studies benefit of the contributions of diverse digital methods and open new perspectives for the conservation, the analyses and the knowledge sharing especially on complex sites. Those new tools and techniques have become common and very useful presently, but how much they become common or indispensable for architectural and archeological studies? How do they fit into the different phases of the research work?We will discuss these principal questions by working mainly on two experimented sites, the site of Saint-Simeon the stylite in Syria and the abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa in France. The methodology used for the analysis and the elevation restoration is based on the digital tools and acquisition techniques and of three-dimensional information management and also on their setting relation with archaeological issues to build a dialogue between these two domains. Based on this reflection, we have developed a work protocol in scale of monographic study of a specific building in Saint Simeon site “the Residence”. This research is based on a combination of digital tools applied on this building for its analysis and by using them as a privileged instrument to support archaeological reflection, not an end in itself.The main contribution of this thesis focuses on the methodology and the ethics of the use of 3D digital service in archaeological approach, from the filed acquisition till the restitution representations. This approach highlights several axes, dynamism and interactivity of the work, the multidisciplinary and the collectivity context, the objective of documentation and diffusion.