Degree awarded (2003): MA, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, George Washington University / This thesis focuses on the issue of dissonance in the interpretation of atrocity at museums and other cultural heritage sites. The existing debates in the field are outlined in an extensive literature review encompassing general and specific references. The basic conceptual framework of the dark tourism phenomenon is elaborated through case studies in Washington D.C., illustrating the variety of interpretative dilemmas faced by museum directors and curators. The cases include the permanent exhibition at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Enola Gay exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum, and the National Museum of the American Indian on the Mall. The identified controversies are analyzed, and recommendations for mitigating existing conflicts and suggestions for future research are offered. / Advisory Committee: Prof. Donald E. Hawkins (Chair)

A arqueologia brasileira, bem como o próprio patrimônio arqueológico, ainda é pouco conhecida de grande parte da sociedade nacional. Esta tese defende o Turismo Arqueológico como uma atividade capaz de difundir essa ciência e, principalmente, capaz de proteger o patrimônio arqueológico. Essa defesa baseia-se (i) em discussões sobre a vulnerabilidade desse patrimônio devido, em parte, aos próprios estudos arqueológicos que estão sendo realizados no país por conta de grandes obras (gasodutos, polidutos, estradas, hidrelétricas etc.); (ii) no detalhamento conceitual de aspectos teóricos e práticos do turismo; (iii) na síntese de princípios de melhores práticas que podem auxiliar na implantação e desenvolvimento de projetos de Turismo Arqueológico dentro dos preceitos de sustentabilidade; (iv) na ênfase da importância da Interpretação Patrimonial para o planejamento da comunicação com os visitantes de locais com patrimônio culturais. A tese apresenta uma gama de atrativos arqueoturísticos diferentes entre si, mas pensados em complementariedade, destinados ao município de Iranduba, estado do Amazonas (Amazônia central brasileira). As propostas apresentadas mostram que é viável aproveitar turisticamente o patrimônio arqueológico local, embora lhe falte monumentalidade, e podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de propostas similares país a fora / Brazilian archeology, along with its archeological heritage, is still little known to the great majority of the Brazilian society. This thesis maintains that Archeological Tourism is an activity not only able to disseminate the knowledge of archeological science but also and mainly to protect the archeological heritage. It is based on (i) discussions about this heritage\'s vulnerability partly due to archeological studies being carried out in Brazil as a result of the construction of great infrastructure projects (e.g. oil and gas pipelines, roads, hydroelectric dams and so forth); the conceptual exposition of theoretical and practical aspects of Tourism; (iii) the summary of Best Practice principles that might help to develop and implement projects in Archeological Tourism following the rules of sustainability. (iv) the emphasis on the importance of Heritage Interpretation for planning the communication with visitors to cultural heritage sites. This thesis proposes a series of attractive archeological tourism products for the municipality of Iranduba, in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian Central Amazon), that although diverse, are meant to complement each other in their purposes and uses. The presented proposals show the feasibility of using the local archeological heritage touristically, even if this lacks monumentality, helping with the development of similar proposals around the country

A arqueologia brasileira, bem como o próprio patrimônio arqueológico, ainda é pouco conhecida de grande parte da sociedade nacional. Esta tese defende o Turismo Arqueológico como uma atividade capaz de difundir essa ciência e, principalmente, capaz de proteger o patrimônio arqueológico. Essa defesa baseia-se (i) em discussões sobre a vulnerabilidade desse patrimônio devido, em parte, aos próprios estudos arqueológicos que estão sendo realizados no país por conta de grandes obras (gasodutos, polidutos, estradas, hidrelétricas etc.); (ii) no detalhamento conceitual de aspectos teóricos e práticos do turismo; (iii) na síntese de princípios de melhores práticas que podem auxiliar na implantação e desenvolvimento de projetos de Turismo Arqueológico dentro dos preceitos de sustentabilidade; (iv) na ênfase da importância da Interpretação Patrimonial para o planejamento da comunicação com os visitantes de locais com patrimônio culturais. A tese apresenta uma gama de atrativos arqueoturísticos diferentes entre si, mas pensados em complementariedade, destinados ao município de Iranduba, estado do Amazonas (Amazônia central brasileira). As propostas apresentadas mostram que é viável aproveitar turisticamente o patrimônio arqueológico local, embora lhe falte monumentalidade, e podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de propostas similares país a fora / Brazilian archeology, along with its archeological heritage, is still little known to the great majority of the Brazilian society. This thesis maintains that Archeological Tourism is an activity not only able to disseminate the knowledge of archeological science but also and mainly to protect the archeological heritage. It is based on (i) discussions about this heritage\'s vulnerability partly due to archeological studies being carried out in Brazil as a result of the construction of great infrastructure projects (e.g. oil and gas pipelines, roads, hydroelectric dams and so forth); the conceptual exposition of theoretical and practical aspects of Tourism; (iii) the summary of Best Practice principles that might help to develop and implement projects in Archeological Tourism following the rules of sustainability. (iv) the emphasis on the importance of Heritage Interpretation for planning the communication with visitors to cultural heritage sites. This thesis proposes a series of attractive archeological tourism products for the municipality of Iranduba, in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian Central Amazon), that although diverse, are meant to complement each other in their purposes and uses. The presented proposals show the feasibility of using the local archeological heritage touristically, even if this lacks monumentality, helping with the development of similar proposals around the country

Houses and the objects within them stand as tangible symbols of human memory. Some memories are created unconsciously in day-to-day living; others are consciously attached to objects that are cherished as symbols of other places, relatives and friends. Memories may seem to be lost until they are rediscovered in moment of involuntary recall, triggered by an object, a smell or taste. The purpose of this research project is to investigate the memory experiences of visitors to a house museum; what they do with those experiences and how important they are to them. Forty adult visitors to Calthorpes' House in the ACT were interviewed using the focused interview technique with a framework of questions that allowed for a conversational style and additional questions. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed. The results showed that all visitors reported experiencing memories during their visit to Calthorpes' House. Many people found those experiences enjoyable and wanted to share them with others. These findings are important because they can inform the set-up, interpretation and publicity of house museums in ways which will attract new visitors and help to engage with visitors' interests when they visit house museums.

Motivation is an important aspect of learning in educational leisure settings because it affects the choices visitors make regarding what to attend to, the amount of effort they devote to learning, and the extent to which they enjoy the experience. Commonly, however, visitors seek entertainment, social or restorative experiences as well as, or in preference to, a learning experience. This research investigates the impact of motivational factors on the experience of learning in educational leisure settings. Motivational factors are considered in terms of four components - personal goals, capability beliefs, context beliefs and situational incentives. The experience of learning is considered in terms of visitors’ perceptions of the experience, rather than objective measures of learning outcomes, as the experience itself is seen as the desired outcome of the visit. Visitors to six different educational leisure settings in South East Queensland were invited to participate in the research, including a museum, an art gallery, a wildlife centre, an aquarium, and guided tours of natural and cultural heritage sites. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires (499 participants) and interviews (52 participants) in order to ascertain the importance to visitors of different types of learning experiences; identify the extent to which motivations for learning vary across sites and visitor groups; investigate the relationships between the educational, entertainment, social and restorative aspects of the visitors’ experience; and examine the impact of motivational factors on visitors’ experience of learning in leisure settings. The findings support the importance of learning to visitors in a range of educational leisure settings. Visitors seek an experience that combines elements of learning and discovery, and is perceived to be both effortless and fun. It is concluded that the characteristics of learning in educational leisure settings contribute to a synergy between the educational and entertainment aspects of the experience. Situational factors are more important than personal factors in motivating visitors to engage in and experience this type of learning. This is of great significance to educational leisure settings as it implies that sites have a reasonable degree of control over the motivational factors that influence visitor engagement in learning.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Warawara - Dept. of Indigenous Studies, 2005. / Bibliography: p. 248-265. / Introduction and method -- General issues in heritage interpretation: Monuments and memorials; Museums; Other issues -- Historic site case studies: Parramatta Park and Old Government House; The Meeting Place Precinct - Botany Bay National Park; Myall Creek -- Discussion and conclusions. / It has long been established that in Australia contemporary (post-contact) Aboriginal history has suffered as a result of the colonisation process. Aboriginal history was seen as belonging in the realm of prehistory, rather than in contemporary historical discourses. Attempts have now been made to reinstate indigenous history into local, regional and national historical narratives. The field of heritage interpretation however, still largely relegates Aboriginal heritage to prehistory. This thesis investigates the ways in which Aborigianl history can be incorporated into the interpetation of contemporary or post-contact history at heritage sites. The thesis uses the principle of 'shared history' as outlined by the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, as a starting point in these discussions. / Electronic reproduction. / viii, 265 p., bound : ill. ; 30 cm. / Mode of access; World Wide Web. / Also available in print form

This research report focuses on the issues for participation in public memory projects, in the light of counter-monument critiques of audiences being ‘rendered passive’. Interviews with people who went on the 2005 March of the Living tour to Holocaust sites in Poland and then to Israel have been analysed in terms of themes and processes of meaningmaking. The written text of some of the material provided to them is also analysed. Meanings in the interviews notably occupied two discursive spaces that seem at odds with each other. The first was the discourse around what is a good way to memorialise – particularly when the memory is one of such enormity as the Holocaust. The second is the discourse around tolerance education – how do we ‘learn lessons’ from the Holocaust? The issues for heritage interpretation and tolerance education are explored.

O turismo é uma atividade econômica que cresce em ritmo acelerado desde meados do século XX, para tornar-se uma das principais fontes de emprego e renda em diversos países, muitas vezes em substituição a diversas outras práticas mais tradicionais. Os mapas se inserem no jogo de sedução das imagens concebidas para vender a idéia do lugar turístico. Mas a cartografia também pode dar uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento de um tipo diferenciado de turismo, cuja concepção não se restrinja ao consumo irrefletido dos lugares turísticos. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta metodológica de cartografia turística que visa revelar o lugar, interpretá-lo e, dessa forma, acrescentar valores ao visitante, para lhe garantir a fruição do espaço, isto é, o ato de aproveitá-lo satisfatória e prazerosamente. Como área de estudo foi escolhida a Chapada dos Veadeiros, em Goiás, patrimônio natural da humanidade, onde se desenvolve uma crescente atividade de ecoturismo. Para tanto, essa cartografia turística é idealizada como um meio de comunicação visual cujas bases teóricas são fornecidas pela psicologia Gestalt e pela Semiologia Gráfica, além de subsidiada pela cartografia ambiental, no sentido de elaborar representações gráficas que estimulem a percepção visual dos turistas e auxiliem o processo de interpretação do patrimônio. Assim, tal proposição metodológica exige o conhecimento sistematizado do espaço turístico, dos seus atores sociais e do seu contexto sócio-cultural, visando a criação de uma linguagem acessível. / Tourism is an economic activity that grows at rapid rhythm since the middle of the twentieth century, to become a great source of employment and rent in many countries. The maps are included in the seduction\'s game of designed images to sell the idea of the tourist place. But the cartography can also make a significant contribution to the development of a different type of tourism, whose design is not restricted to thoughtless consumption of tourist spots. In this work is presented a methodological proposition for mapping that pretends to reveal the place, interpret it and thus add value to the visitor, to ensure the enjoyment of the area, i.e. the act of use it pleasurable and satisfactory. As the study area was chosen the Chapada dos Veadeiros in state of Goiás, natural heritage of humanity, which is developing a growing activity of ecotourism. To this end, the tourist cartography, idealized as a means of visual communication, has got as theoretical basis the Gestalt psychology and the Semiology of Graphics. In addition, it must be subsidized by the environmental cartography, to produce graphical representations that stimulate the visual perception of tourists and aid the process of heritage interpretation. This methodological proposition requires the systematic knowledge of tourist place, its social actors and their socio-cultural context, aiming to create an accessible language.

O turismo é uma atividade econômica que cresce em ritmo acelerado desde meados do século XX, para tornar-se uma das principais fontes de emprego e renda em diversos países, muitas vezes em substituição a diversas outras práticas mais tradicionais. Os mapas se inserem no jogo de sedução das imagens concebidas para vender a idéia do lugar turístico. Mas a cartografia também pode dar uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento de um tipo diferenciado de turismo, cuja concepção não se restrinja ao consumo irrefletido dos lugares turísticos. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta metodológica de cartografia turística que visa revelar o lugar, interpretá-lo e, dessa forma, acrescentar valores ao visitante, para lhe garantir a fruição do espaço, isto é, o ato de aproveitá-lo satisfatória e prazerosamente. Como área de estudo foi escolhida a Chapada dos Veadeiros, em Goiás, patrimônio natural da humanidade, onde se desenvolve uma crescente atividade de ecoturismo. Para tanto, essa cartografia turística é idealizada como um meio de comunicação visual cujas bases teóricas são fornecidas pela psicologia Gestalt e pela Semiologia Gráfica, além de subsidiada pela cartografia ambiental, no sentido de elaborar representações gráficas que estimulem a percepção visual dos turistas e auxiliem o processo de interpretação do patrimônio. Assim, tal proposição metodológica exige o conhecimento sistematizado do espaço turístico, dos seus atores sociais e do seu contexto sócio-cultural, visando a criação de uma linguagem acessível. / Tourism is an economic activity that grows at rapid rhythm since the middle of the twentieth century, to become a great source of employment and rent in many countries. The maps are included in the seduction\'s game of designed images to sell the idea of the tourist place. But the cartography can also make a significant contribution to the development of a different type of tourism, whose design is not restricted to thoughtless consumption of tourist spots. In this work is presented a methodological proposition for mapping that pretends to reveal the place, interpret it and thus add value to the visitor, to ensure the enjoyment of the area, i.e. the act of use it pleasurable and satisfactory. As the study area was chosen the Chapada dos Veadeiros in state of Goiás, natural heritage of humanity, which is developing a growing activity of ecotourism. To this end, the tourist cartography, idealized as a means of visual communication, has got as theoretical basis the Gestalt psychology and the Semiology of Graphics. In addition, it must be subsidized by the environmental cartography, to produce graphical representations that stimulate the visual perception of tourists and aid the process of heritage interpretation. This methodological proposition requires the systematic knowledge of tourist place, its social actors and their socio-cultural context, aiming to create an accessible language.

Submitted by CARLOS EDUARDO GUIMARÃES (kgbureau@terra.com.br) on 2012-12-19T14:09:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2012-12-20T16:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-01-09T18:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-09T18:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-10 / This current essay tries to accomplish some reflections about the cultural tourism in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through the creation of a travel guide with themed routes based on the history of the city. This guide would present new forms to observe the urban landscape considering the main role played by the city in the Brazilian history as political and cultural capital. The major focus of the foreseen itineraries would be the nation’s republican phase from the end of the XIX century till the 1970’s. In this period, Rio has faced innumerable urban changes which would be also analyzed during a series of walking-tours described in the travel guide. Based on this approach, the paper analyzes the formulation possibilities for this touristic product through theoretical references about Collective Memory, Sites of Memory, Cultural Identity and Heritage Interpretation. Taking advantage from these concepts, the study explains this emerging style of cultural tourism as an incentive for local residents to become travellers in their own city, as citizen- tourists. / A presente dissertação propõe-se a trazer algumas reflexões sobre o turismo cultural no Rio de Janeiro através da criação de um guia de viagem com rotas temáticas baseadas na história da cidade. Este guia proporia novas formas de leitura da paisagem urbana carioca a partir do papel central que a cidade teve na história brasileira enquanto capital política e cultural da nação. O foco principal dos itinerários seria a fase republicana no Brasil entre o final do século XIX até os anos 1970. Nesse período, o Rio passou por uma série de reformas urbanas que seriam também analisadas através de uma série de caminhadas temáticas descritas no guia. A partir dessa abordagem, o trabalho analisa as possibilidades de formatação desse produto turístico através da interlocução entre referenciais teóricos de Memória Coletiva, Lugar de Memória, Identidade Cultural e Interpretação de Patrimônio. Tirando proveito desses conceitos, o estudo procura justificar esse estilo emergente de turismo cultural como um incentivo para o morador do Rio tornar-se viajante em sua própria cidade, enquanto turista-cidadão.