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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudio de las estructuras anatómicas relacionadas con la formación de las hernias inguinales

Munhequete, Eduardo G. 05 December 2003 (has links)
La disposición anatómica de las estructuras que conforman la región inguinal es uno de los factores etiológicos en la formación de las hernias inguinales. Existen diferencias entre los autores cuando se refieren al área débil susceptible a la formación de las hernias inguinales y su relación con los diámetros de la pelvis mayor.En nuestro estudio nos hemos propuesto identificar dicha área, describir las estructuras anatómicas que participan en su delimitación, determinar su extensión, identificar la relación existente entre el área y la configuración ósea de la pelvis mayor e identificar el patrón de variación de estos parámetros en función de los sexos y de las razas estudiadas.Para ello hemos utilizado 63 regiones inguinales pertenecientes a 17 cadáveres humanos adultos de raza blanca y a 15 de raza negra, siendo 21 regiones del sexo femenino y 42 del sexo masculino.El área presentó siempre una forma ovoidea, y no triangular, quedando limitada por las fibras inferiores del músculo oblicuo interno y por el ligamento inguinal, los cuáles alcanzaban medialmente el tubérculo del pubis. Hemos propuesto la denominación de "espacio inguinal" para esta región y no hemos observado que su extensión variara en función del sexo o de la raza.Hemos también identificado una zona aun más débil de la región inguinal, de morfología triangular, que quedaba limitada por el ligamento inguinal, por el borde inferior del músculo oblicuo interno y por los vasos epigástricos inferiores. En ella se localizaba la abertura del anillo inguinal superficial, a cuyo nivel su pared estaba formada tan sólo por la fascia transversalis. Hemos propuesto el término de "triángulo de herniación" para denominar a esta región. El ángulo ínfero-interno, que corresponde a la zona que resiste mayor presión en la postura bípeda, no cambiaba en función del sexo ni de la raza.El anillo inguinal superficial presentó una morfologia irregularmente ovalada y se localizó en el tercio medial del "espacio inguinal", por delante del "triángulo de herniación". Nuestros resultados han determinado que dicho anillo es más vertical en la raza negra que en la raza blanca [p-valor <0,0001], pero sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa en lo que respecta al valor medio de su eje transversal máximo. Comparando los sexos, se presentó una mayor longitud de su eje transversal máximo [ p-valor <0,0001] y una disposición más vertical [ p-valor <0,0001] en el sexo masculino.Las fibras inferiores de los músculos oblicuo interno y transverso se originaron en el ligamento inguinal y terminaron en el tubérculo del pubis, describiendo un trayecto arqueado. El borde caudal del músculo oblicuo interno fue de constitución muscular y sobrepasaba caudalmente al músculo transverso, que fue músculo-aponeurótico. No hemos observado ningún caso de unión parcial o total de las fibras inferiores de ambos músculos.El ligamento inguinal presentó un trayecto arqueado y su longitud media fue de 111 milímetros. El ligamento interfoveolar de Hesselbach fue observado en 14% de los casos y en ellos reforzaba parte de la pared del "espacio inguinal" y del "triángulo de herniación". El anillo inguinal profundo presentó forma de U. Su vértice se localizaba en el espacio inguinal y sus dos pilares en relación con las fibras aponeuróticas (el medial) y musculares (el lateral) del músculo transverso. Las fibras inferiores del músculo oblicuo interno se encontraban por delante del anillo inguinal profundo, cubriendo los 2/3 o _ superiores del mismo. Su longitud transversal máxima fue de 15 milímetros en el sexo masculino y de 10 milímetros en el sexo femenino [p-valor <0,0001]. El estudio comparativo entre las razas no determinó diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El parámetro arco púbico (longitud que separa el tubérculo del pubis de una línea interespinosa) se mostró como el parámetro más fiable de la pelvimetria externa. Su longitud aumentó con el aumento de la longitud del ligamento inguinal [p-valor < 0,0001] y con la disminución de la longitud de la línea interespinosa [p-valor < 0,0001]. Fue mayor en el sexo femenino y en la raza blanca [ p-valor de 0,001]. Cuando el arco púbico era bajo (&#8805; 75 mm) el área del espacio inguinal fue mayor [p-valor = 0,004] y el eje transversal del anillo inguinal profundo también mayor [p-valor = 0,024]. Consecuentemente existe una mayor predisposición para la formación de hernias inguinales. El arco púbico no variaba en función de la longitud de los ejes transversal [p-valor de 0,106] y longitudinal [p-valor de 0,468] del anillo inguinal superficial, y tampoco variaba con el ángulo de inclinación del mismo respecto al plano horizontal trazado a nivel de los tubérculos del pubis [p-valor de 0,546]. / The anatomical disposition of the structures that conform the inguinal region is one of the main factors noted in the etiology of the inguinal hernia.There are differences in the authors' opinions regarding the assignment of the most susceptible area for the formation of inguinal hernias and their relation to the diametres of the major pelvis.In the present study we want to identify the aforementioned area, describe the anatomical structures that participate in its delimitation, determine its area, identify the relation between that area and the bone configuration of the major pelvis and finally to identify the different variations of these parameters concerning genders and races.Therefore we studied 63 inguinal regions corresponding to 17 white human adults cadavers and to 15 black ones, 21 of the regions were female and 42 male.The area was always ovoidal and not triangular. It was limited by the inferior fibres of the internal oblique muscle and the inguinal ligament. Therefore we have proposed the term "inguinal space". According to our observations its extension does not change according to different sexes and races.We have also identified an even weaker zone of triangular morphology in the inguinal region which is delimited by the inguinal ligament, the inferior border of the internal oblique muscle and the inferior epigastric vessels. In this zone we observe the opening of the superficial inguinal ring and the transversalis fascia. We have proposed the term "herniation triangle" to call this zone. Regarding to this herniation triangle, we have showed that its internal and inferior angle, which corresponds to a zone that must resist a major pressure, does not change according to different sexes and races.The superficial inguinal ring, with an irregularly oval form, is located in the medial third of the "inguinal space" in front to the "herniation triangle". Its disposition with regard to these two spaces allows us to observe that the broader and the more vertical the ring, the larger is the unprotected area of the inguinal space. According to our results the superficial inguinal ring of black people is more vertical than the one of white people [p<0,0001], but there are no significant statistic differences with regard to the average value of the maximum transversal axis. Comparing the two different sexes, we find a longer maximum transversal axis [p<0,0001] and a more vertical disposition [p<0,0001] in males.The inferior fibres of the internal oblique and transversal muscles originated in the inguinal ligament and inserted on the pubic tubercle. Its inferior border was muscular and surpassed the transversus that was muscle-aponeurotic. In any case could we find a partial or total union of inferior fibres of both muscles.The inguinal ligament is the inferior and external border of the "inguinal space". Its average length was 111 milimeters.The interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach was observed in 14% of cases and it reinforced the walls of the "inguinal space" and "herniation triangle".The deep inguinal ring was an U-shaped form. Its vertex was located inside the "inguinal space", and its inner crus was attached to the transversus aponeurosis fibres and its outer crus to the transversus muscle fibres and two thirds or three quarters of its area were covered by inferior fibres of the internal oblique muscle. Its maximum transversal length was 15 mm in male and 10 mm in female [p<0001]. We couldn´t find any statistical differences between black and white people. The pubic arc (length between the pubic tubercle and the interespinuous line) was revealed to be a more reliable parameter of external pelvimetry. Its length increase with the increase of the inguinal ligament length [p<0,0001] and with the decrease of the interespinal line length [p< 0,0001]. The pubic arc was major on female and white persons [ p= 0,001]. When the pubic arc is low (&#8805; 75 mm) the "inguinal space" area is larger [ p = 0,004] and the maximum transversal length of deep inguinal ring is also major [p = 0,024]. As a consequence it is easier to develop inguinal hernia. The pubic arc does not vary according to the transversal axis length [p = 0,106], the longitudinal axis [p = 0,468] and the angle of the superficial inguinal ring [ p = 0,546].
2

Internal Hernia Masquerading As Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Kylat, Ranjit I. 31 October 2017 (has links)
In extremely preterm infants, acute abdominal emergencies are fortunately less common with improving care. Spontaneous intestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis are conditions where emergency surgery is most often needed. Conservative medical management and placement of temporary drain are often used in the initial management. Internal hernia (IH) is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction in neonates, is difficult to diagnose and unfortunately are found only at autopsy. The presentation in preterm infants, distinction between these conditions, and the need for early diagnosis of IH are discussed.
3

Estudo crítico da hernioplastia pela técnica de Bassini modificada quanto aos resultados mediatos / Critical study of hernioplasty thru the modified Bassinitechnique as to the mediate results

Neder, Joel 03 October 2003 (has links)
No presente estudo, 30 pacientes, do sexo masculino com idade mediana de 29 anos, portadores de hérnias inguinais / inguino-escrotais, unilaterais, indiretas e primárias, sem encarceramento ou estrangulamento, foram submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal, por meio de inguinotomia, sob raqui-anestesia em regime de internação hospitalar. A técnica de correção utilizada foi a de Bassini modificada, sendo que estas modificações repousam no tipo da incisão, abordagem da fáscia transversalis e no reforço da parede posterior do canal inguinal. Os objetivos foram os de avaliar os resultados do pós-operatório mediato quanto aos eventos: intensidade e duração da dor pós-operatória e o tempo de retorno às atividades normais, estabelecendo assim a duração maior ou menor do período de convalescença. Das hérnias operadas 33,33% e 66,67% foram classificadas no intra-operatório como tipos I e II de Nyhus, respectivamente. A duração da cirurgia variou entre 45 e 85 minutos, com média de 66,46 minutos e mediana de 66,5 minutos. A permanência hospitalar foi menor que 24 horas. O índice de mortalidade foi nulo e o seguimento foi feito no 10º e 30° dias de pós-operatório. A intensidade média da dor pós-operatória atingiu seu pico máximo no 1º dia, alcançando 2,93 na escala analógica decimal, sendo que a partir do 5° dia de pós-operatório se tornou insignificante. O retorno às atividades habituais e sociais se deu em um período médio de 5,34 dias. O tempo de retorno ao trabalho alcançou a média de 11,23 dias e mediana de 5 dias. Observou-se complicação leve em dois pacientes (6,67%), que apresentaram edema de bolsa escrotal de rápida resolução. Não se observou complicações infecciosas apesar do não uso de antimicrobianos. A análise dos dados obtidos permite concluir que o procedimento é exeqüível, com boa aceitação por parte dos pacientes, apresentando resultados comparáveis aos obtidos na literatura / In the present study, 30 patients, of the male sex, with an average age of 29, victims of inguinal hernias/ inguino-scrotum, unilateral, indirect and primaries, without confinement or strangulation, were submitted to inguinal hernioplasty, thru inguinotomy, under rachianesthesia on a regimen as hospital in--patients. The correction technique used was the modified- Bassini, since these modifications lie in the kind of incision, approaching of the fascia transversalis and in the reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal duct. The purposes were of evaluating the mediate post-operative results as to the events: intensity and duration of the post-operative pain in the period of time of return to the normal activities, thus determining the longer or shorter duration of the recovery period. Among the operated hernias 33.33% and 66.67% they were classified in the intra-operative as types I and II of Nyhus, respectively. The duration of the surgery varied between 45 and 85 minutes, with an average of 66.46 minutes and median of 66.5 minutes. The in-patients stay in the hospital was less than 24 hours. The mortality rate was null and the follow up was made on the 10th and 30th days of the post operative. The average intensity of the post-operative pain reached its appex on the 1st day, reaching 2.93 in the decimal analogical scale, and as of the 5th day of the post-operative it became insignificant. The return both to the usual and social activities happened in an average period of time of 5.34 days. The period of time of returning to work reached an average of 11.23 days and a median of 5 days. A slight complication was observed in two patients (6.67%), who had edema in the scrotum pouch of fast solution. No infectious complications were detected in spite of not using any anti-microbians. The analysis of the data obtained allow to conclude that the procedure is feasible, with good approval on the part of the patients, presenting results comparable to the ones obtained in the literature
4

Estudo crítico da hernioplastia pela técnica de Bassini modificada quanto aos resultados mediatos / Critical study of hernioplasty thru the modified Bassinitechnique as to the mediate results

Joel Neder 03 October 2003 (has links)
No presente estudo, 30 pacientes, do sexo masculino com idade mediana de 29 anos, portadores de hérnias inguinais / inguino-escrotais, unilaterais, indiretas e primárias, sem encarceramento ou estrangulamento, foram submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal, por meio de inguinotomia, sob raqui-anestesia em regime de internação hospitalar. A técnica de correção utilizada foi a de Bassini modificada, sendo que estas modificações repousam no tipo da incisão, abordagem da fáscia transversalis e no reforço da parede posterior do canal inguinal. Os objetivos foram os de avaliar os resultados do pós-operatório mediato quanto aos eventos: intensidade e duração da dor pós-operatória e o tempo de retorno às atividades normais, estabelecendo assim a duração maior ou menor do período de convalescença. Das hérnias operadas 33,33% e 66,67% foram classificadas no intra-operatório como tipos I e II de Nyhus, respectivamente. A duração da cirurgia variou entre 45 e 85 minutos, com média de 66,46 minutos e mediana de 66,5 minutos. A permanência hospitalar foi menor que 24 horas. O índice de mortalidade foi nulo e o seguimento foi feito no 10º e 30° dias de pós-operatório. A intensidade média da dor pós-operatória atingiu seu pico máximo no 1º dia, alcançando 2,93 na escala analógica decimal, sendo que a partir do 5° dia de pós-operatório se tornou insignificante. O retorno às atividades habituais e sociais se deu em um período médio de 5,34 dias. O tempo de retorno ao trabalho alcançou a média de 11,23 dias e mediana de 5 dias. Observou-se complicação leve em dois pacientes (6,67%), que apresentaram edema de bolsa escrotal de rápida resolução. Não se observou complicações infecciosas apesar do não uso de antimicrobianos. A análise dos dados obtidos permite concluir que o procedimento é exeqüível, com boa aceitação por parte dos pacientes, apresentando resultados comparáveis aos obtidos na literatura / In the present study, 30 patients, of the male sex, with an average age of 29, victims of inguinal hernias/ inguino-scrotum, unilateral, indirect and primaries, without confinement or strangulation, were submitted to inguinal hernioplasty, thru inguinotomy, under rachianesthesia on a regimen as hospital in--patients. The correction technique used was the modified- Bassini, since these modifications lie in the kind of incision, approaching of the fascia transversalis and in the reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal duct. The purposes were of evaluating the mediate post-operative results as to the events: intensity and duration of the post-operative pain in the period of time of return to the normal activities, thus determining the longer or shorter duration of the recovery period. Among the operated hernias 33.33% and 66.67% they were classified in the intra-operative as types I and II of Nyhus, respectively. The duration of the surgery varied between 45 and 85 minutes, with an average of 66.46 minutes and median of 66.5 minutes. The in-patients stay in the hospital was less than 24 hours. The mortality rate was null and the follow up was made on the 10th and 30th days of the post operative. The average intensity of the post-operative pain reached its appex on the 1st day, reaching 2.93 in the decimal analogical scale, and as of the 5th day of the post-operative it became insignificant. The return both to the usual and social activities happened in an average period of time of 5.34 days. The period of time of returning to work reached an average of 11.23 days and a median of 5 days. A slight complication was observed in two patients (6.67%), who had edema in the scrotum pouch of fast solution. No infectious complications were detected in spite of not using any anti-microbians. The analysis of the data obtained allow to conclude that the procedure is feasible, with good approval on the part of the patients, presenting results comparable to the ones obtained in the literature

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