Dans la modernité contemporaine, les médias constituent une source fondamentale de connaissance pour les individus. Cette recherche a été menée à partir d’un corpus de séries animées télévisées destinées aux enfants afin d’analyser les contenus liés au handicap. Quatre-vingt-quatre épisodes issus de sept séries coproduites en France dans les années 1990-2010 (Les Pastagums, Atout 5, Foot2Rue, Les Minijusticiers, Titeuf, Bali, Milo) ont permis d’identifier huit personnages ayant une limitation chronique, ne pouvant pas marcher ou ne pouvant pas voir. Ils sont observés au regard des situations successives dans lesquelles ils sont mis en scène, des problèmes rencontrés et des solutions proposées. Ce sont en majorité des garçons qui se déplacent en fauteuil roulant et qui participent à des activités physiques. Dans la plupart des cas, ils font l’objet d’un traitement différencié par rapport aux autres personnages coprésents dans les mondes sociaux virtuels respectifs, à travers une participation héroïsée, que ce soit au sens du super-infirme ou du superhéros. Ils sont à la fois performants physiquement et compétents socialement. Ce type de traitement contient les traces figées d’une injonction normative de performance comme modalité légitime et hégémonique de participation, de construction de soi et des rapports sociaux. / Within contemporary modernity, media stand as a fundamental source of knowledge for individuals. This research has been conducted to analyze disability related content in a corpus comprising children animated television series. Eight characters with a chronic limitation, i.e. not being able to walk or not being able to see, have been identified within eighty-four episodes from seven series coproduced in France during the period 1990-2010 (Les Pastagums, Atout 5, Foot2Rue, Les Minijusticiers, Titeuf, Bali, Milo). They have been observed through the successive situations they appear in, the problems they encounter and the proposed solutions. They are mainly boys using a wheelchair and involved in physical activities. Most of them are treated differently in comparison to other characters in the same social virtual worlds and are portrayed through heroized participation, either as a supercrip or as a superhero. They are both physically powerful and socially skilled. Such treatment contains the frozen remains of a normative injunction of performance as a legitimate and hegemonic modality with respect to participation, the construction of self and social relations.

The diploma thesis deals with the media heroization / construction of dead celebrity icons. The introduction focuses on the explanation of the process of becoming an icon and its interpretation in certain fields and theoretical concepts, for example in the context of semiotics and sociology. A separate chapter is devoted to the role of media in the process. I attempt to reveal the media's influence on this process by studying the theory of media construction of reality and the ctreation of culture industry. The second chapter also explains the phenomenon of celebritization, which is crucial due to the applied example of dead celebrities. Based on the specific analysis I try to identify trends that are reflected in media representation of dead celebrities afterlife, and these further put in a wider context. The aim of the master thesis is to find out what trends are reflected in media representation of celebrities after their death, how the media work to maintain dead celebrities "alive", and what are the specifics of this "life". The content analysis was determined to show the character of media coverage. The semiotic analysis on the other hand to show what myths are constructed around the famous dead celebrities.

The structure and tendencies of Czech television's sports news is analyzed in this thesis. The hidden features and principles are revealed through a qualitative analysis of 17 episodes of the program Branky, body, vteřiny, which contains the information of Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. The author looks at the phenomenon of sport from many different sociological and anthropological perspectives (sport as a ritual, sport and identity construction, gender in the sport). She reveals the processes through which the media image of the Olympic Games is constructed. The final findings are demonstrated by specific examples originating in 17 episodes of sports news.

Si les héros peuplant la mythologie grecque sont particulièrement connus, les héros historiques, eux, le sont beaucoup moins. Pourtant le phénomène dit d'héroïsation concerna de nombreux personnages. Cette étude propose de se pencher sur ces personnages à l'existence historique avérée, qui se virent reconnaître le statut de héros et qui accédant ainsi à la sphère divine bénéficièrent d'honneurs mais également de cultes. Cette étude se propose également de comprendre l'ensemble de ces rites en rapport avec les héros et l'héroïsation. Elle présente aussi l'évolution que connu ce phénomène pendant toute la période allant de l'époque archaïque au IIIe siècle ap. J. -C. mais également met en lumière les différences et les points communs entre les différentes régions et cités qui composèrent l'ensemble du monde grec. Cette étude tente également d'en apprendre plus sur l'identité de ces personnages qui pour nombre d'entre eux restent inconnus de la « grande Histoire ». Pourtant ces personnages méritent une attention toute particulière car leur étude éclaire singulièrement et permet une bien meilleure compréhension de la vie religieuse des Grecs de l'Antiquité. / If the heroes of Greek mythology are particularly well known historical figures themselves, are much less. Yet the phenomenon known as heroization concerned many characters. This study proposes to examine these characters for whom the historical existence is proven, and who had been assigned the status of heroes and thus accessing to the divine sphere benefited honors but also cults. This study also aims to understand all of these rites in connection with the hero and heroization. It also presents the evolution knew by this phenomenon during the period from the Archaic period to the third century AD. But also highlights the differences and similarities between the different regions and cities that composed the entire Greek world. This study also tries to learn more about the identity of these characters, who, for many of them remain unknown of the "great history." Yet these characters deserve special attention because their study singularly clarifies and provides a much better understanding of the religious life of the ancient Greeks.