Orientador: Jose Augusto Rosário Rodrigues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:17:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_PauloSergiode_D.pdf: 14146737 bytes, checksum: cce704fa63bb067ebc25618dac57ceb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho descreve uma metodologia para a síntese de 1,2- e 1,4-benzoquinona-monocetais através da oxidação de fenóis contendo uma cadeia hidróxi-alquílica lateral promovida por reagentes de iodo(III) hipervalente. 3-Hidróxi-?-metil-benzenopropanol e três derivados metoxilados foram preparados a partir dos respectivos benzaldeídos. Oxidações do 3-hidróxi-?-metil-benzenopropanol com um equivalente de diacetato de iodobenzeno (IBDA) ou [bis(trifluoroacetóxi)iodobenzeno] (BTIB) em diversos solventes não renderam o croman-6-ol esperado, mas apenas materiais poliméricos marrons. Entretanto, resultados interessantes foram obtidos das oxidações dos benzenopropanóis com dois equivalentes de IBDA em metanol ou 2,2,2-trifluoroetanol (TFE). Em metanol, 4,4-dimetóxi-cicloexa-2,5-dienonas e 6,6-dimetóxi-cicloexa-2,4-dienonas foram os produtos principais, enquanto que, em TFE, ciclizações da cadeia hidróxi-alquílica lateral não-rígida originaram monocetais semicíclicos de 1,2- e 1,4-benzoquinonas como produtos principais. A oxidação do 3-hidróxi-?-metil-4-metóxi-benzenopropanol em metanol rendeu um dímero de Diels-Alder mediante a cicloadição da respectiva cicloexa-2,4-dienona. As sínteses desses monocetais semicíclicos são importantes por se tratarem dos primeiros exemplos de cetais derivados de cromanóis obtidos por oxidações de fenóis contendo uma cadeia lateral não-rígida. A parte final do trabalho descreve as primeiras etapas de uma síntese do (S)-6-benzilóxi-2,5,7,8-tetrametil-croman-2-carbaldeído, proposta com base na metodologia desenvolvida. A síntese desse heterociclo representaria uma nova síntese formal da vitamina E (?-tocoferol). / Abstract: A methodology to the synthesis of 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone semicyclic monoketals through the oxidation of phenols bearing a hydroxy-alkyl side chain promoted by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents is described. 3-Hydroxy-?-methyl-benzenepropanol and three of its methoxy derivatives were prepared from the respective benzaldehydes. Oxidations of 3-hydroxy-?-methyl-benzenepropanol with one equivalent of iodobenzene diacetate (IBDA) or [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene] (BTIB) in a variety of solvents did not furnish the expected chroman-6-ol; instead, only red-brownish polymeric materials were produced. However, better results were achieved from the oxidations of the benzenepropanols by two equivalents of IBDA in methanol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as solvent. In methanol, 4,4-dimethoxy-cyclohexa-2,5-dienones and 6,6-dimethoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dienones were the major products, whereas in TFE, cyclizations of the nonrigid hydroxy-alkyl side chain took place to furnish 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone semicyclic monoketals as main products. The oxidation of the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy derivative in methanol yielded only a Diels-Alder dimer by the cycloaddition of the unstable intermediate cyclohexa-2,4-dienone. The syntheses of the semicyclic monoketals described here represent an important achievement since these are the first examples of semicyclic ketals related to chromanols obtained by the oxidation of phenols having a nonrigid hydroxy-alkyl side chain. The final part of this work describes the initial efforts towards the synthesis of (S)-6-benzyloxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carbaldehyde, proposed on the basis of the developed methodology. The synthesis of this heterocyclic compound would represent a new formal synthesis of vitamin E (?-tocopherol). / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-12T12:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6051062 bytes, checksum: 9d8a71da8da5797495aee64e3b141b54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T12:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6051062 bytes, checksum: 9d8a71da8da5797495aee64e3b141b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Natural compounds, as coumarins and others oxygenated heterocycles, has been shown with a rich source of bioactive substances, however, due to difficulty of getting into large amounts of these substances isolated, many total synthesis or semi-synthesis methods has been developed. Among these many synthetic derivation strategies currently, the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been highlighted in the literature, such as: Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck, Negishi and Buchwald-Hartwig. In the present work, it is aimed the obtaining and preparation of natural heterocycles skeleton, and your derivations via cross-coupling palladium-catalyzed reactions; of which were obtained excellent results for the first three mentioned above, which was not repeated for the last two protocols, from the reactional conditions used. In all synthetics strategies realized, reactional conditions were diversify, such as temperature, reactional time, energy source, base, catalysts, among others; with the in order to observe the effects these changes and obtain the best sets of conditions. Besides the palladium-catalyzed reactions, some of cumarinic alkynes obtained by Sonogashira were submitted to the catalytic hydrogenation, to provide new alkanes with different spacers between the coumarinic ring and their phenyl groups. In general, the final compounds obtained showed from good to great yield values, reflecting on success in mostprotocols tested, where a total of 48 final molecules were obtained, of which 26 are novel compounds, all being characterized and proven according to their chemical structures. / Compostos naturais, como cumarinas e outros heterociclos oxigenados, tem se mostrado como uma rica fonte de substâncias bioativas, porém, devido à dificuldade da obtenção em grandes quantidades dessas substâncias isoladas, vários métodos de síntese total, ou semi-síntese têm sido desenvolvidos. Dentre as muitas estratégias de derivação sintética utilizadas atualmente, as reações de acoplamento cruzado catalisadas por metais têm tido destaque na literatura, como: Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck, Negishi e Buchwald- Hartwig. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se a obtenção e preparação de esqueletos de heterociclos naturais, e suas derivações via reações de acoplamento cruzado catalisadas por paládio; das quais foram obtidos excelentes resultados para as três primeiras citadas anteriormente, o que não se repetiu para os dois últimos protocolos, a partir das condições reacionais utilizadas. Em todas as estratégias sintéticas realizadas, condições reacionais foram variadas, como temperatura, tempo recional, fonte de energia, base, catalisadores, entre outros; com o intuito de se observar os efeitos dessas mudanças e obter os melhores conjuntos de condições. Além das reações catalisadas por paládio, alguns dos alcinos cumarínicos obtidos por Sonogashira foram submetidos à hidrogenação catalítica, para fornecer novos alcanos com diferentes espaçadores entre o anel cumarínico e seus grupos fenílicos. De maneira geral, os compostos finais obtidos demonstraram de bons a ótimos valores de rendimento, refletindo no sucesso em boa parte dos protocolos testados, onde um total de 48 moléculas finais foram obtidas, das quais 26 são compostos inéditos, sendo todas caracterizadas e comprovadas de acordo com suas estruturas químicas.

Over the last 20 years, asymmetric synthesis has seen considerable progress, particularly in the field of catalysis. In addition to enzyme catalysis and transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, catalysis using small organic molecules also plays an important role in the asymmetric synthesis. Chiral organocatalysts allow the preparation of structurally interesting and optically pure molecules via various activation modes. This work is focused on the use of organocatalysis based on the formation of hydrogen bonds in organic synthesis. Our study was devoted to the enantioselective organocatalytic reactions of ketimines leading to the formation of chiral vicinal centers. The first part deals with the organocatalytic enantioselective addition reaction of α- fluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methanes to ketimines derived from isatin. The reaction utilizes catalysis of a commercially available quinoline alkaloid cinchonine. A series of enantiomerically pure compounds were prepared containing two neighboring stereocenters in good yields of up to 97%, with diastereoselectivity up to 6: 1 dr and with enantiomeric excesses of 70-98% ee. In most cases pure diastereomers were obtained. In the second part of the work a method of enantioselective orgnocatalytic synthesis of bis-spirocompounds containing two neighboring...