La ricerca di dottorato si inserisce nel quadro delle attività della MAIER – Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hierapolis di Frigia (Pamukkale, Turchia) e nel filone degli studi di architettura antica relativi ai complessi edilizi dei centri microasiatici. Vengono analizzati, in particolare, alcuni edifici e materiali architettonici di ordine ionico emersi dalle recenti indagini di scavo, allo scopo di fornire una ricostruzione dei monumenti nella planimetria e negli alzati, ma anche delle loro funzioni e le destinazioni d’uso; parallelamente si è sviluppata l’analisi del linguaggio formale delle architetture, allo scopo sia di definire le cronologie degli edifici sia di inserirli nel più ampio fenomeno della decorazione architettonica microasiatica, rintracciandone gli eventuali modelli, anche in rapporto al complesso problema dell’attività delle maestranze, per fornire un quadro aggiornato delle modalità di impiego dell’ordine ionico a Hierapolis di Frigia nel corso dell’età imperiale. La ricerca ha affrontato i due complessi santuariali del centro cittadino: nel Santuario di Apollo vengono analizzati il Tempio C, una serie di eccezionali capitelli ionici con collarino decorato e un consistente gruppo di elementi architettonici riferibili ad un portico di temenos (di ordine corinzio); nel Ploutonion si sono indagati alcuni materiali riferibil invece ad un portico ionico, posto a coronamento del theatron rituale. / This doctoral research is part of the activities of MAIER – Italian Archaeological Mission in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Pamukkale, Turkey) and of the investigation field on the ancient architecture in Asia Minor. Some buildings and architectural blocks of Ionic order, recently discovered, are analyzed in order to achieve a reconstruction of the monuments, not only of the plan and elevation, but also of the ancient functions and use of the buildings. The stylistic analysis is also very important, to determine the chronology of the monuments and to relate the Ionic architecture of Hierapolis with the other urban centres in Asia Minor and their architectural tradition during the Imperial period. The dissertation is focused on both the sanctuaries of Hierapolis: in the Sanctuary of Apollo, the research analyzes the Temple C, a series of Ionic capitals with decorated hypotrachelion, and a group of architectural blocks from a (Corinthian) temenos portico; in the Ploutonion, the focus is on a series of blocks from an Ionic Stoa, related to the cultic theatre.

Les cités antiques d’Asie Mineure comprennent à leurs périphéries de vastes ensembles funéraires dont seulsl’épigraphie et les monuments, pour la plupart pillés anciennement, sont généralement étudiés. Les modalités de dépôts et degestion de ces tombes, a priori collectives, n’ont jusqu’alors pas ou très peu été analysés. La découverte d’une chambresouterraine (tombe 163d) non pillée dans la « Nécropole nord » de Hiérapolis (ancienne province de Phrygie dans le sud-ouestde la Turquie), a été l’occasion de mettre en oeuvre une analyse archéo-anthropologique afin d’aborder le fonctionnement de cetype de tombe. Cette investigation a impliqué de reprendre et d’achever la fouille initiée en 2003, nécessitant quatrecampagnes (2010-2013) au cours desquelles une stratégie d’intervention adaptée aux contraintes de temps imposées a étéélaborée dans le cadre de la Mission Archéologique Italienne de Hiérapolis. Après avoir défini le cadre chronologique del’utilisation de la tombe, notre travail s’est attaché à comprendre les modalités de dépôts des défunts (traitement du corps,milieu de décomposition, mode d’inhumation) mais également les gestes témoignant de la gestion et de la dynamique del’espace funéraire. L’analyse stratigraphique des dépôts a démontré que la tombe avait été utilisée entre la périodeaugustéenne et le début du VIIe siècle, afin d’accueillir les restes de 293 individus. Au IIIe siècle, une famille juive la rachète,comme l’indiquent les inscriptions gravées sur le monument. L’étude taphonomique des squelettes empilés en connexionanatomique a révélé que la majorité des dépôts avait été réalisée dans des cercueils. Il est apparu, d’une part, que la famillejuive a laissé une partie des os des premiers occupants en place, conformément aux lois romaines définissant le sepulchrumcomme locus religiosus, et, d’autre part, que la gestion des os disloqués reposait davantage sur des considérations pratiquesliées au volume des os que sur le souci de conserver l’individualité des sujets inhumés. Ces conclusions permettent d’apporterde nouveaux éléments de discussion sur les relations entre les différents groupes religieux vivant à Hiérapolis à traversl’organisation des espaces funéraires et, plus largement, sur les pratiques funéraires pendant l’antiquité romaine et la périodeprotobyzantine en Asie Mineure. / The roman cities of Asia Minor are surrounded by vast necropolises, amongst which funerary complexes are mostoften plundered. While monuments and inscriptions have been studied in great detail in the past, the depositional context andfunerary treatment of the dead and the management of collective burials have not been submitted to detailed analysis. Thediscovery of Tomb 163d, a subterranean funerary chamber not plundered in the North Necropolis of Hierapolis (ancientprovince of Phrygia, in the South-West of Turkey) provided a unique opportunity to apply archeo-anthropological analysis inorder to understand funerary treatment and burial practices. This study reinvestigated the excavations which took place in2003, to complement another four campaigns (2010-2013). For these excavation campaigns a specific intervention strategywas developed as part of the Archeological Italian Mission of Hierapolis. After discussing the chronological framework, thisstudy analyses funerary treatment (modes of inhumation, body treatment, depositional context) as well as the burialmanagement to the management within the dynamic of the funeral space. The stratigraphic analysis demonstrated that thegrave was utilized from the Augustan period to the 7th century and contained 293 individuals. During the 3rd century, a Jewishfamily rebought the tomb for further use, as indicated by the inscriptions engraved on the monument. The taphonomic study ofthe articulated skeletons revealed that the majority of the deceased were buried in wooden coffins. It appeared that the Jewishfamily left some skeletal remains from the first occupiers in situ, in accordance with the Roman law defining the sepulchrum asa locus religious. However, the management of human remains was more related to practical considerations, linked to thevolume of the remains, than to the concern of respecting the deceased. By analyzing and interpreting the organization offuneral spaces, the conclusions of this study provide new evidence on relationships between different religious groups living inHierapolis, and on aspects of burial practices during Roman Antiquity and Proto-Byzantine period.