O uso de concreto de alto desempenho constitui tendência irreversível, devido às vantagens que apresenta em relação aos concretos de resistência usual, principalmente na execução de pilares de edifícios, pois as áreas das seções transversais podem ser reduzidas. Este trabalho trata da obtenção e do estudo teórico e experimental de pilares de concreto de alto desempenho, analisando o comportamento de modelos, solicitados à compressão centrada e flexão normal composta. Foram analisados pilares de seções transversais quadradas de 20cm x 20cm e retangulares de 15cm x 30cm e 12cm x 30cm, dimensões que representam pilares usuais em estruturas de edifícios. Na compressão centrada ficou caracterizado que o estado limite último foi atingido por ruptura da seção mais solicitada e comprovado que a ruptura ocorreu quando o núcleo, definido pelo perímetro considerado pelos eixos dos estribos, se rompeu. Nos ensaios de flexão normal composta os resultados mostraram que as hipóteses de distribuição de tensões, utilizadas para os concretos de resistências usuais, não devem ser consideradas para concreto de alta resistência. As forças normais experimentais e as teóricas, calculadas por um modelo proposto pelo Autor, ficaram iguais enquanto que, para os momentos fletores, os valores experimentais ficaram muito acima dos teóricos. / The use of high performance concrete is an irreversible tendency in structural design due to the advantages it presents, compared to the concrete of usual strength, these advantages can be seen mainly in the execution of buildings columns as the cross sections can be reduced. This thesis is about the theoretical and experimental study to obtain high performance concrete columns. The behaviour of models subjected to axial load and bending plus axial load was analysed. Columns with the square (20cm x 20cm) and rectangular (15cm x 30cm and 12cm x 30cm) cross sections were studied, because they are the usual buildings columns dimensions. As far as axial load is concerned, the ultimate state limit was reached when the mostly demanded section broke. It was proven that the rupture occurred when the core, defined by the perimeter considered by the axial stirrups, broke. The results of bending plus axial load tests have shown that the distribution of stress hypotheses used for concrete of usual strength must not be considered for high strength concrete. The experimental axial forces and the internal ones calculated by a given model were the same, whereas the experimental values for the internal moments were much higher.

O uso de concreto de alto desempenho constitui tendência irreversível, devido às vantagens que apresenta em relação aos concretos de resistência usual, principalmente na execução de pilares de edifícios, pois as áreas das seções transversais podem ser reduzidas. Este trabalho trata da obtenção e do estudo teórico e experimental de pilares de concreto de alto desempenho, analisando o comportamento de modelos, solicitados à compressão centrada e flexão normal composta. Foram analisados pilares de seções transversais quadradas de 20cm x 20cm e retangulares de 15cm x 30cm e 12cm x 30cm, dimensões que representam pilares usuais em estruturas de edifícios. Na compressão centrada ficou caracterizado que o estado limite último foi atingido por ruptura da seção mais solicitada e comprovado que a ruptura ocorreu quando o núcleo, definido pelo perímetro considerado pelos eixos dos estribos, se rompeu. Nos ensaios de flexão normal composta os resultados mostraram que as hipóteses de distribuição de tensões, utilizadas para os concretos de resistências usuais, não devem ser consideradas para concreto de alta resistência. As forças normais experimentais e as teóricas, calculadas por um modelo proposto pelo Autor, ficaram iguais enquanto que, para os momentos fletores, os valores experimentais ficaram muito acima dos teóricos. / The use of high performance concrete is an irreversible tendency in structural design due to the advantages it presents, compared to the concrete of usual strength, these advantages can be seen mainly in the execution of buildings columns as the cross sections can be reduced. This thesis is about the theoretical and experimental study to obtain high performance concrete columns. The behaviour of models subjected to axial load and bending plus axial load was analysed. Columns with the square (20cm x 20cm) and rectangular (15cm x 30cm and 12cm x 30cm) cross sections were studied, because they are the usual buildings columns dimensions. As far as axial load is concerned, the ultimate state limit was reached when the mostly demanded section broke. It was proven that the rupture occurred when the core, defined by the perimeter considered by the axial stirrups, broke. The results of bending plus axial load tests have shown that the distribution of stress hypotheses used for concrete of usual strength must not be considered for high strength concrete. The experimental axial forces and the internal ones calculated by a given model were the same, whereas the experimental values for the internal moments were much higher.

L’estimation des déformations différées, en particulier dans le cas des Béton à Hautes Performances (BHP) destinés aux ouvrages d’art, est primordiale pour prédire les flèches, les redistributions des contraintes dans les structures hyperstatiques et les pertes de précontrainte dans des éléments en béton précontraint. L’expérience montre néanmoins une dispersion certaine des valeurs de déformations instantanées et différées mesurées et des écarts non négligeables avec les valeurs calculées selon les règlements de dimensionnement.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de s’intéresser à un paramètre non pris en compte dans les règlements qui pourrait être à l’origine des imprécisions de leurs prédictions : le gravillon. Le programme expérimental s’articulera autour d’une étude comparative des comportements mécaniques instantanés et différés sans charge, retrait, et sous charge, fluage, de six BHP de même formulation de base (rapport E/L, volume de pâte), se différenciant principalement par le type de gravillon. A partir de cette base de données complétée par des analyses mécaniques et physico-chimiques sur les granulats, des paramètres influents liés au type de gravillon incorporé ont été détectés. Des comparaisons avec les estimations des modèles actuels tels que l'Eurocode 2 ont également été réalisées et ont montré des différences notables avec les valeurs expérimentales.Des analyses microstructurales ont été menées afin d'identifier l'état de la microstructure et du réseau poreux des matériaux, plus particulièrement à l'interface pâte-granulat (Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ). L'étude de l’ensemble des résultats a permis d’établir des corrélations entre le comportement mécanique et les analyses microstructurales. Une synthèse des données récoltées durant ce travail de recherche montre que le gravillon a une influence non négligeable sur les comportements mécaniques instantané et différé à travers différents paramètres de degré d'influence variable / The prediction of the time-dependent deformations, particularly in the case of high performance concrete (HPC) envisioned for bridges is essential for predicting the deflections, the stress distribution in statically indeterminate structures and the loss of pre-stressing force in elements of pre-stressed concrete. However, the experience shows a certain dispersion of values of instantaneous and delayed deformations measured and some significant differences with the values calculated using the building codes.The objective of the present thesis work focuses on the coarse aggregate parameter which is not taken into account in building codes, which could causes the inaccuracies of their predictions. The experimental program includes a comparative study of the mechanical behaviours (instantaneous and delayed), shrinkage, creep, of six HPC with the same basic formulation (water cement ratio, volume of paste), differing principally in the type of coarse aggregate. From this database and thanks to the mechanical and physicochemical analyses of the aggregates, some influent parameters related to the type of the coarse aggregate were detected. The comparisons with estimations of standard models such as Eurocode 2 were also performed and showed significant differences with the experimental values.Micro-structural analyses were carried out in order to identify the state of the microstructure and the porosity of materials, more particularly at the interface between the cement paste and the coarse aggregate (Interfacial Transition Zones ITZ). The study of the results made it possible to establish correlations between the mechanical behaviour and the micro-structural analyses. A synthesis of the data collected during this research work shows that the coarse aggregate has a considerable influence on the mechanical behaviours (instantaneous and delayed) through various parameters from variable degree of influence