The investigation of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has revealed many promising properties. HEAs with a high share of Al and Ti are suitable for the formation of lightweight materials. Investigations of the alloy system AlCoCrFeNiTi showed high strength, hardness, ductility, and wear resistance, which makes this special alloy interesting for surface engineering and particularly for thermal spray technology. In this study, the suitability of inert gas-atomised HEA powder for high-velocity-oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray is investigated. This process allows for high particle velocities and comparatively low process temperatures, resulting in dense coatings with a low oxidation. The microstructure and phase composition of the atomised powder and the HVOF coating were investigated, as well as the wear behaviour under various conditions. A multiphase microstructure was revealed for the powder and coating, whereas a chemically ordered bcc phase occurred as the main phase. The thermal spray process resulted in a slightly changed lattice parameter of the main phase and an additional phase. In comparison with a hard chrome-plated sample, an increase in wear resistance was achieved. Furthermore, no brittle behaviour occurred under abrasive load in the scratch test. The investigation of wear tracks showed only minor cracking and spallation under maximum load.

In this study, the wear behaviour of a powder metallurgically produced AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEAs) is investigated at elevated temperatures. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of inert gas atomised feedstock enables the production of dense bulk material. The microstructure evolution and phase formation are analysed. The high cooling rate in the atomisation process results in spherical powder with a microstructure comprising two finely distributed body-centred cubic phases. An additional phase with a complex crystal structure precipitates during SPS processing, while no coarsening of microstructural features occurs. The wear resistance under reciprocating wear conditions increases at elevated temperatures due to the formation of a protective oxide layer under atmospherical conditions. Additionally, the coefficient of friction (COF) slightly decreases with increasing temperature. SPS processing is suitable for the production of HEA bulk material. An increase in the wear resistance at elevated temperature enables high temperature applications of the HEA system AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5.

Hochentropielegierungen stellen einen neuen Entwicklungsansatz metallischer Werkstoffe ohne ein eigenschaftsbestimmendes Hauptelement dar. Die zielgerichtete Übertragung der bisher überwiegend an Massivwerkstoffen ermittelten Eigenschaften in die Beschichtungstechnik erfordert die Kenntnis der bestimmenden Einflussfaktoren. Für die Schichtherstellung werden die Verfahren des thermischen Spritzens betrachtet. Hierfür wird eine geeignete Prozessroute ermittelt. Die detaillierten Untersuchungen zu den Prozess-Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen erfolgen an Legierungen mit variabler Struktur. Diese werden anhand von thermodynamischen Parametern sowie Untersuchungen an schmelzmetallurgisch hergestellten Massivwerkstoffen ausgewählt. Zur Bewertung des Einflusses der Größe der Strukturmerkmale, der Heterogenität und möglicher Ungleichgewichtszustände werden schmelz- und pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Massivwerkstoffe als Referenz betrachtet. Die geplanten Forschungsarbeiten tragen zu einem Verständnis der Prozess-Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehung von Hochentropielegierungen bei. Weiterhin wird eine geeignete Prozessroute für die pulvermetallurgische Verarbeitung sowie für Anwendungen in der Oberflächentechnik ermittelt.

Les alliages à haute entropie (HEAs) sont des alliages métalliques composés de 5 éléments ou plus, présents en proportions equimolaire ou presque. Depuis leur apparition dans le domaine de la métallurgie, leurs propriétés intéressantes ont causé un intérêt croissant de la part de la communauté scientifique pour essayer de les comprendre et les prédire. Plusieurs de ces propriétés peuvent aussi être observées dans d'autres systèmes cristallins ayant moins d'éléments, comme les solutions solides concentrées (CSAs) composées de FeNiCr. Ce mémoire présente les effets du calcul des préfacteurs par l'approximation harmonique de la théorie de l'état de transition (hTST) sur la diffusion d'une lacune dans une CSA en FeNiCr modélisée par un algorithme Monte-Carlo cinétique (KMC) hors réseau. Ce travail est motivé par les nombreux débats qui entourent la diffusion lente dans les HEAs et autres CSAs hautement désordonnés. Bien que cette caractéristique ait été proposée et utilisée pour expliquer certaines des propriétés les plus intéressantes des HEAs, les mécanismes de diffusion dans ceux-ci sont encore mal compris. Dans des travaux précédents, il a été démontré que les préfacteurs hTST dans une CSA FeNiCr peuvent avoir des valeurs qui s'étalent sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur. En partant de ces résultats, l'influence de cette variation de préfacteurs sur la diffusion d'une lacune est étudiée. Grâce à une analyse comparative entre des simulations utilisant des préfacteurs hTST et constants, le rôle de l'entropie dans la diffusion est étudié. Plus de un millions d'évènements au total sont trouvés dans les 96 simulations effectuées dans chaque type de simulation, fournissant une base statistique solide. Ces simulations KMC ont été performées par l'algorithme d'activation-relaxation cinétique (kART) couplé au potentiel Bonny-2013 pour les calculs de surface d'énergie potentielle (PEL). Nous démontrons que, en plus de l'entropie configurationnelle, le désordre affecte aussi l'entropie vibrationnelle, et que ce phénomène peut être à la base de diverses propriétés de ces systèmes, y compris leur diffusion lente. Les résultats présentés ne peuvent être obtenus que grâce à une analyse cinétique du système. En effet, la dynamique obtenue ne peut pas être extraite directement de l'évaluation statique du PEL, car la corrélation de sélection des événements est construite à partir des contributions combinées du préfacteur et des barrières énergétiques. Cette combinaison affecte la loi de compensation qui est mesurée, selon si le calcul de cette loi est effectué avec les évènements qui sont disponibles ou avec les évènements sélectionnés. Une introduction, ainsi que deux chapitres sur les HEAs et sur la théorie de l'état de transition débutent ce travail, suivis de la méthodologie, présentée au chapitre 4, et de l'article au chapitre 5. / High entropy alloys (HEAs) are metallic alloys composed of 5 or more elements, present in equimolar or near equimolar proportions. Since their appearance in the field of metallurgy at the beginning of the XXIst century, their properties have caused a growing interest from the scientific community in order to understand and predict certain of these properties. Many of them can also be observed in other crystalline systems with fewer elements, such as concentrated solid solution (CSAs) composed of FeNiCr. This masters' thesis presents the effect that the computation of prefactors by the harmonic approximation of the transition state theory (hTST) has on the diffusion of a single vacancy in a FeNiCr CSA, simulated by a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm (KMC). The debate around a sluggish defect diffusion, proposed as a core effect of HEAs and CSAs with high amounts of disorder motivates this research. Indeed, even though this characteristic is often used to explain some of the most interesting properties of HEAs, the diffusion mechanisms are still not fully comprehended. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that hTST prefactors span over several orders of magnitude. Based on these results, we study the impact of hTST on diffusion. Through a comparative analysis between simulations using hTST and constant prefactors, the role of entropy on diffusion is studied. More than one million events in total are found in the 96 simulations performed for each type of simulation, providing a solid statistical basis for this analysis. These KMC simulations were performed by the kinetic activation-relaxation technique (kART) coupled with the Bonny-2013 potential for potential energy landscape (PEL) calculations. We demonstrate that both disorder and configurational entropy strongly affect the vibrational entropy, and that this can be responsible for various properties of these systems, including their sluggish diffusion. Presented results can only be obtained by a kinetic study of the system. The kinetic patterns that are observed can not be obtained by only the static analysis of the PEL for the combination of both prefactors and energy barriers affects event selection. This selection of events can change the compensation law that is measured whether it is computed using available events or selected events. Two chapters on HEAs and transition state theory, as well as a chapter on the methodology are presented before these results.

<p dir="ltr">Advancements in material science are accelerating technological evolution, driven by initiatives like the Materials Genome Project, which integrates computational and experi- mental strategies to expedite material discovery. In this work, we focus on the reliability of advanced materials under extreme conditions, a critical area for enhancing their technological applications.</p><p dir="ltr">Multi-principal component alloys (MPEAs) exhibit remarkable properties under extreme conditions. However, their vast compositional space makes a brute-force exploration of potential alloys prohibitive. We address this challenge by employing a Bayesian approach to explore the oxidation resistance of hundreds of alloys, applying computational techniques to accurately calculate and quantify errors in the melting temperatures of MPEAs, and investigating the compositional biases and short-range order in their nucleation behaviors.</p><p dir="ltr">Furthermore, we scrutinize the role of wide bandgap semiconductors, which are essential in high-power applications due to their superior breakdown voltage, drift velocity, and sheet charge density. The lack of lattice-matched substrates often results in strained films, which enhances piezoelectric effects crucial for device reliability. Our research advances the pre- diction of piezoelectric and dielectric responses as influenced by biaxial strain and doping in gallium nitride (GaN). Additionally, we delve into how various common defects affect the formation of trap states, significantly impacting the electronic properties of these materials. These studies offer significant advancements in understanding MPEAs and wide bandgap semiconductors under extreme conditions. We also provide foundational insights for developing robust and efficient materials essential for next-generation applications.</p>

High hardness and good wear resistance have been revealed for the high-entropy alloy (HEA) system AlCoCrFeNiTi, confirming the potential for surface protection applications. Detailed studies to investigate the microstructure and phase formation have been carried out using different production routes. Powder metallurgical technologies allow for much higher flexibility in the customisation of materials compared to casting processes. Particularly, spark plasma sintering (SPS) enables the fast processing of the feedstock, the suppression of grain coarsening and the production of samples with a low porosity. Furthermore, solid lubricants can be incorporated for the improvement of wear resistance and the reduction of the coefficient of friction (COF). This study focuses on the production of AlCoCrFeNiTi composites comprising solid lubricants. Bulk materials with a MoS2 content of up to 15 wt % were produced. The wear resistance and COF were investigated in detail under sliding wear conditions in ball-on-disk tests at room temperature and elevated temperature. At least 10 wt % of MoS2 was required to improve the wear behaviour in both test conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the production route and the content of solid lubricant on microstructure formation and phase composition were investigated. Two major body-centred cubic (bcc) phases were detected in accordance with the feedstock. The formation of additional phases indicated the decomposition of MoS2.

Yes / This paper describes some underlying principles of multicomponent and high entropy alloys, and gives some examples of these materials. Different types of multicomponent alloy and different methods of accessing multicomponent phase space are discussed. The alloys were manufactured by conventional and high speed solidification techniques, and their macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscale structures were studied by optical, X-ray and electron microscope methods. They exhibit a variety of amorphous, quasicrystalline, dendritic and eutectic structures.

<p>Co and Ni are two major elements in high temperature structural alloys that include superalloys for turbine engines and hard metals for cutting tools. The recent development of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), loosely defined as alloys without a single principal element (e.g. CoNiFeMn), offers additional opportunities in designing new alloys through extensive composition and structure modifications. Within CCAs and Co- and Ni-based superalloys, solid-solution strengthening and stacking fault energy engineering are two of the most important strengthening mechanisms. While studied for decades, the potency and quantitative materials properties of these mechanisms remain elusive. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Solid-solution strengthening originates from stress field interactions between dislocations and solute of various species in the alloy. These stress fields can be engineered by composition modification in CCAs, and therefore a wide range of alloys with promising mechanical strength may be designed. This thesis initially reports on experimental and computational validation of newly developed theories for solid-solution strengthening in 3d transition metal (MnFeCoNi) alloys. The strengthening effects of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Cu and Mo as alloying elements are quantified by coupling the Labusch-type strengthening model and experimental measurements. With large atomic misfits with the base alloy, Al, Ti, Mo, and Cr present strong strengthening effects comparable to other Cantor alloys. </p> <p> </p> <p>Stacking fault energy engineering can enable novel deformation mechanisms and exceptional strength in face-centered cubic (FCC) materials such as austenitic TRIP/TWIP steels and CoNi-based superalloys exhibiting local phase transformation strengthening via Suzuki segregation. We employed first-principles calculations to investigate the Suzuki segregation and stacking fault energy of the FCC Co-Ni binary alloys at finite temperatures and concentrations. We quantitatively predicted the Co segregation in the innermost plane of the intrinsic stacking fault (ISF). We further quantified the decrease of stacking fault energy due to segregation.  </p> <p><br></p> <p>We further investigated the driving force of segregation and the origin of the segregation behaviors of 3d, 4d and 5d elements in the Co- and Ni-alloys. Using first-principles calculations, we calculated the ground-state solute-ISF interaction energies and revealed the trends across the periodic table. We discussed the relationships between the interaction energies and the local lattice distortions, charge density redistribution, density of states and local magnetization of the solutes. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Finally, this thesis reports on new methodologies to accelerate first-principles calculations utilizing active learning techniques, such as Bayesian optimization, to efficiently search for the ground-state energy line of the system with limited computational resources. Based on the expected improvement method, new acquisition strategies were developed and will be compared and presented. </p>

[ES] Las aleaciones biomédicas de alta entropía (Bio-HEA) con propiedades no tóxicas, sintetizadas mediante métodos de pulvimetalurgia, han recibido una atención limitada a pesar de su potencial para un rendimiento mecánico y biológico favorable. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar sistemáticamente las características microestructurales, mecánicas, electroquímicas y de liberación de iones de distintas composiciones de aleaciones porosas organizadas en tres grupos. El grupo uno consta de cuatro aleaciones porosas de TNZT EB con distintas proporciones de Ti/Ta, mientras que el grupo dos consta de dos aleaciones porosas de TNZTM EB con diferentes proporciones de Ti/Mo. Por último, el grupo tres incluye dos aleaciones más densas de TNZT SPS con diferentes proporciones de Ti/Ta. En el análisis de la microestructura de las aleaciones TNZT EB, es evidente la presencia de fase (matriz) BCC semiequiaxial y micrométrica con un pequeño contenido de fase HCP. Propiedades mecánicas, que abarcan módulos elásticos (83-100 GPa), dureza (373-430 HVN), flexión máxima (225-476 MPa), resistencia a la tracción (120-256 MPa) y compresión (713-1410 MPa); además, la velocidad de corrosión electroquímica (4,5-9,6 ¿m año-1) y la liberación de iones (toxicidad, 0,04-1,1 ¿m año-1), se encuentran dentro de los límites aceptables para los biomateriales de implantes. Sorprendentemente, aumentar el contenido de Ti (y disminuir Ta) muestra ventajas en la mejora de la resistencia mecánica y reduce el módulo elástico. La microestructura del grupo dos, específicamente las aleaciones Ti20 EB TNZTM, exhibe fases (matriz) BCC semiequiaxiales y micrométricas con proporciones disminuidas de fases Zr FCC y HCP. Por el contrario, en Ti25 EB TNZTM, la microestructura comprende fases FCC (matriz) micrométricas y semiequiaxiales con cantidades reducidas de fases HCP y BCC. Es digno de mención subrayar el desafío de la débil homogeneidad que conduce a una heterogeneidad evidente en las aleaciones TNZTM EB. Las propiedades mecánicas, incluidos módulos elásticos (78-80 GPa), dureza (257-294 HVN), flexión máxima (186-210 MPa), resistencia a la tracción (121-144 MPa), compresión (661-774 MPa), corrosión electroquímica. (5-6,6 ¿m año-1) y la liberación de iones (toxicidad, 0,3-0,8 ¿m año-1) están también dentro de rangos aceptables para biomateriales de implantes. La reducción ventajosa del módulo elástico y la liberación de iones se logra disminuyendo el contenido de Ti (y aumentando el Mo), mientras que la mejora del fortalecimiento mecánico se facilita al aumentar el contenido de Ti (y disminuyendo el Mo). El grupo tres, aleaciones TNZT SPS, exhibe una microestructura con fases BCC (matriz) micrométricas y semiequiaxiales y un menor contenido de fases HCP y FCC. Los módulos elásticos (85-88 GPa), dureza (268-349 HVN), flexión máxima (225-476 MPa) y corrosión electroquímica (4,7-5,1 ¿m año-1) resultan ligeramente inferiores que en las aleaciones de polvos elementales. El aumento del contenido de Ti (y la disminución de Ta) muestran ventajas en cuanto a la reducción del módulo elástico y mejoran la dureza. El valor moderado del módulo elástico tiene beneficios potenciales para aliviar el efecto de apantallamiento de tensiones entre los implantes y el tejido orgánico. Sin embargo, en el caso del grupo uno (TNZT EB), la velocidad de corrosión mostró una tendencia ascendente, mientras que la liberación de iones metálicos disminuyó con el aumento del contenido de Ti. Por el contrario, para el grupo dos (TNZTM EB), tanto la velocidad de corrosión como la liberación de iones metálicos disminuyeron en respuesta al aumento del contenido de Ti. Dentro del grupo tres (TNZT SPS) hubo un aumento en la velocidad de corrosión a medida que aumentaba el contenido de Ti. Con base en lo anterior, las aleaciones porosas de TNZT EB con contenidos de Ti medios y altos (Ti30 EB y Ti35 EB) resultan los candidatos más prometedores para aplicaciones de implantes biomédicos. / [CA] Els aliatges biomèdics d'alta entropia (Bio-HEA) amb propietats no tòxiques, sintetitzats mitjançant mètodes de pulvimetal·lúrgia, han rebut una atenció limitada malgrat el seu potencial per a un rendiment mecànic i biològic favorable. Aquest estudi te com a objectiu investigar sistemàticament les característiques microestructurals, mecàniques, electroquímiques i d'alliberament d'ions de diferents composicions d'aliatges porosos organitzats en tres grups. El grup u consta de quatre aliatges porosos de TNZT EB amb diferents proporcions de Ti/Ta, mentre que el grup dos consta de dos aliatges porosos de TNZTM EB amb diferents proporcions de Ti/Mo. Finalment, el grup tres inclou dos aliatges més denses de TNZT SPS amb diferents proporcions de Ti/Ta. A l'anàlisi de la microestructura dels aliatges TNZT EB, és evident la presència de fase (matriu) BCC semiequiaxial i micromètrica amb un petit contingut de fase HCP. Propietats mecàniques, que abasten mòduls elàstics (83-100 GPa), duresa (373-430 HVN), flexió màxima (225-476 MPa), resistència a la tracció (120-256 MPa) i compressió (713-1410 MPa); a més, la velocitat de corrosió electroquímica (4.5-9.6 ¿m any-1) i l'alliberament d'ions (toxicitat, 0.04-1.1 ¿m any-1), es troben dins dels límits acceptables per als biomaterials d'implants. Sorprenentment, augmentar el contingut de Ti (i disminuir Ta) mostra avantatges en la millora de la resistència mecànica i redueix el mòdul elàstic. La microestructura del grup dos, específicament els aliatges Ti20 EB TNZTM, exhibeix fases (matriu) BCC semiequiaxials i micromètriques amb proporcions disminuïdes de fases Zr FCC i HCP. Per contra, a Ti25 EB TNZTM, la microestructura comprèn fases FCC (matriu) micromètriques i semiequiaxials amb quantitats reduïdes de fases HCP i BCC. És digne de menció subratllar el desafiament de la feble homogeneïtat que condueix a una heterogeneïtat química evident en els aliatges TNZTM EB. Les propietats mecàniques, inclosos mòduls elàstics (78-80 GPa), duresa (257-294 HVN), flexió màxima (186-210 MPa), resistència a la tracció (121-144 MPa), compressió (661-774 MPa), corrosió electroquímica. (5-6.6 ¿m any-1) i l'alliberament d'ions (toxicitat, 0,3-0,8 ¿m any-1) estan també dins de rangs acceptables per a biomaterials d'implants. La reducció avantatjosa del mòdul elàstic i l'alliberament d'ions s'aconsegueix disminuint el contingut de Ti (i augmentant el Mo), mentre que la millora de l'enfortiment mecànic es facilita en augmentar el contingut de Ti (i disminuint el Mo). El grup tres, aliatges TNZT SPS, exhibeix una microestructura amb fases BCC (matriu) micromètriques i semiequiaxials i un menor contingut de fases HCP i FCC. Els mòduls elàstics (85-88 GPa), duresa (268-349 HVN), flexió màxima (225-476 MPa) i corrosió electroquímica (4.7-5.1 ¿m any-1) resulten lleugerament inferiors que en els aliatges de pols elementals. L'augment del contingut de Ti (i la disminució de Ta) mostren avantatges quant a la reducció del mòdul elàstic i milloren la duresa. El valor moderat del mòdul elàstic té beneficis potencials per alleujar l'efecte d'apantallament de tensions entre els implants i el teixit orgànic. Tot i això, en el cas del grup u (TNZT EB), la velocitat de corrosió va mostrar una tendència ascendent, mentre que l'alliberament d'ions metàl·lics va disminuir amb l'augment del contingut de Ti. Per contra, per al grup dos (TNZTM EB), tant la velocitat de corrosió com l'alliberament d'ions metàl·lics van disminuir en resposta a l'augment del contingut de Ti. Dins el grup tres (TNZT SPS) hi va haver un augment en la velocitat de corrosió a mesura que augmentava el contingut de Ti. Amb base a això, els aliatges porosos de TNZT EB amb continguts de Ti mitjans i alts (Ti30 EB i Ti35 EB) resulten els candidats més prometedors per a aplicacions d'implants biomèdics. / [EN] Biomedical high entropy alloys (Bio-HEAs) with non-toxic properties, synthesized through powder metallurgy methods, have received limited attention despite their potential for favorable mechanical and biological performance. This study aimed to systematically investigate the microstructural, mechanical, electrochemical, and ion release features of distinct porous alloy compositions organized into three groups. Group one consisted of four porous TNZT EB alloys with varied Ti/Ta ratios, while group two comprised two porous TNZTM EB alloys with different Ti/Mo ratios. Lastly, group three included two porous TNZT SPS alloys with varying Ti/Ta ratios. In the microstructure analysis of TNZT EB alloys, the presence of semi-equiaxed and micrometric BCC phases (matrix) with lower HCP phase content was evident. Mechanical properties, encompassing elastic moduli (83-100 GPa), hardness (373-430 HVN), ultimate bending (225-476 MPa), tensile (120-256 MPa) strength, and compression (713-1410 MPa), in addition to electrochemical corrosion (4.5-9.6 ¿m year-1) and ion release (toxicity, 0.04-1.1 ¿m year-1), fell within acceptable limits for implant biomaterials. Remarkably, augmenting the Ti content (and decreasing Ta) exhibited advantages in improving mechanical strength and reducing the elastic modulus. The microstructure of group two, specifically the Ti20 EB TNZTM alloys, exhibited semi-equiaxed and micrometric BCC phases (matrix) with diminished proportions of FCC and HCP phases. Conversely, in Ti25 EB TNZTM, the microstructure comprised semi-equiaxed and micrometric FCC-phases (matrix) with reduced quantities of HCP and BCC phases. It is noteworthy to underscore the challenge of weak homogeneity leading to evident heterogeneity in TNZTM EB alloys. The mechanical properties, including elastic moduli (78-80 GPa), hardness (257-294 HVN), ultimate bending (186-210 MPa), tensile (121-144 MPa) strength, compression (661-774 MPa), electrochemical corrosion (5-6.6 ¿m year-1), and ion release (toxicity, 0.3-0.8 ¿m year-1), fell within acceptable ranges for implant biomaterials. The advantageous reduction of elastic modulus and ion releases was achieved by decreasing the Ti content (and increasing Mo), whereas enhancing mechanical strengthening was facilitated by increasing the Ti content (and decreasing Mo). Group three, TNZT SPS alloys, exhibited a microstructure with semi-equiaxed and micrometric BCC-phases (matrix) and lower HCP and FCC phase content. The elastic moduli (85-88 GPa), hardness (268-349 HVN), and ultimate bending (225-476 MPa), and electrochemical corrosion (4.7-5.1 ¿m year-1). Increasing Ti content (and decreasing Ta) were advantageous for reducing the elastic modulus and improving hardness. The moderate elastic modulus value holds potential benefits in alleviating the mechanical incongruence between the implant and organic tissue. Nevertheless, in the case of group one (TNZT EB), the corrosion rate exhibited an upward trend, while the metallic ion release declined with increasing Ti content. In contrast, for group two (TNZTM EB), both the corrosion rate and metallic ion release diminished in response to escalating Ti content. Within group three (TNZT SPS) there was increase in the corrosion rate as the Ti content escalated. Based on the above, porous TNZT EB alloys with medium and highest Ti contents (Ti30 EB and Ti35 EB) emerged as promising candidates for biomedical implant applications / Kamel Mohammad Al-Hawajreh, G. (2024). Performance Effect of the Content of Alloying Elements in the Development of High Entropy Alloys of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Mo Family for Biomedical Applications [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/208235