Global ETD Search

1	Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays. Mishagina, NATALIA 03 September 2009 (has links) In this dissertation I study the labor market behavior of sciences and engineering (S&E) doctorates trained and employed in the US. The first essay is an empirical study of task-to-task transitions based on the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (1973-2001). It first assesses the relevance of the careers of doctorates to S&E in general, and research and development (R&D) in particular. Second, it evaluates the participation rates and mobility patterns of doctorates in careers of different types using a transition model with independent competing risks. The second essay extends the empirical framework described above and specifies a dynamic model of occupational choices with symmetric learning about one of the task- specific abilities and dependence on past performance to explain the empirical career patterns described in the first essay. The predictions of the model are used to evaluate the effects of two counterfactual experiments on the supply of research skill. The third essay studies geographic choices for first employment of doctorates using the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) 1957-2005. Decisions of Americans, Canadians, and third country nationals to stay in the US after their PhD versus moving to Canada are compared. Individual characteristics and differences in political and economic conditions and career opportunities in the US versus Canada are evaluated to explain the observed differences in the choice of location. / Thesis (Ph.D, Economics) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-31 11:33:27.809 High-skill labor markets applied econometrics postgraduate education migration of high-skill labor
2	The Wage Gap and Assimilation Patterns for Immigrants in the Scientific Research, Development and Testing Services Industry Singh, Sonia 01 January 2013 (has links) For years, corporations in the United States have criticized the native workforce for not having enough qualified workers who are skilled in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Changing the immigration system could solve their problem. Current debates about how to best accomplish this task stem from different perceptions of whether high-skill immigrants adapt to the labor market, suffer from labor market disadvantages or meet rapid earnings growth. This study examines the initial wage gap immigrants working in the scientific research, development and testing services industry face upon entry to the United States as well as their income assimilation patterns. Ultimately, this paper provides evidence of a wage gap in this industry for recently arrived immigrants and otherwise similar natives, as well as confirms that the earnings for male immigrants in the industry tend to converge toward native levels the longer they remain in the country. Therefore, these results can provide valuable perspective on present immigration debates about whether to reduce immigration levels or change the skill composition of new immigrants. Immigration High-skilled immigration Science High-skill labor markets Science-related occupations
3	Labor income inequalities in Swedish municipalities 1991-2017 : A study on regional effects and possible origins Karlsson, Mattias January 2019 (has links) Income inequalities have become a matter of major concern following reports that the working class and lower middle class of developed economies have income levels that are falling behind. Few studies have been conducted on the regional level even though this perspective might better capture the development of income inequalities, since national averages might hide local differences. This study uses panel data for 286 Swedish municipalities in between 1991-2017 and fixed effect regressions, to examine if the theory of a skill-biased technological change could be used to explain resent developments. We find an labor income divergence for Swedish municipalities within the studied time period. The share of high skilled workers is found to be a good predictor of the growth in regional labor income inequalities, while an ageing population of the regions falling behind counteracts the growth of inequality, possibly leading to an underestimation of the size of regional labor income divergence. These results are in support of a skill-biased technological change at work and a job polarization transforming regional labor markets and regional societies. We conclude that adopting a regional perspective in the analysis and development of future economic growth policies is necessary to ensure long term economic growth, equality of opportunity and social cohesion. Labor income income inequalities regional perspective Sweden municipalities skill-biased technological change task-biased technological change routine-biased technological change job polarization share of high skill workers tertiary education fixed effect regression Economics Nationalekonomi
4	Individual Differences in Using Context to Resolve Phonological Ambiguity Childers, Marie B., Childers 12 December 2018 (has links) No description available. Behavioral Sciences Cognitive Psychology Linguistics Psychology Speech Therapy Phonology Reading Skill Individual Differences Context Reading Homophone Heterophone Orthography Syntax Spelling Skill Spelling Pronunciation Semantics Language Ambiguity Effects High-Skill Low-Skill Lexical Experts Lexical Expertise

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