The treatment of an industrial wastewater has been carried out in this Doctoral Thesis. This wastewater is the spent brine generated from the lactic Fermentation step during the "Spanish Stile" Table Olives Production (FTOP). An integral treatment is proposed for the FTOP management, which finality is to reuse this effluent as a new brine or as solution for olives conservation. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL The main objective of pre-treatments was to reduce the pollutant concentration in the FTOP, to make easier the subsequent biological treatment. In addition, one of these pre-treatments also had as objective the recovery of the phenolic compounds from these wastewaters. These natural phenols are valuable compounds in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. - Organic matter and phenols removal pH adjustment, coagulants and flocculants addition and adsorption with powder activated carbon (PAC) were the techniques selected. Neither pH adjustment nor coagulation and flocculation achieved significant suspended solids and COD removal efficiencies. Therefore, these techniques were not considered as suitable pre-treatments for a subsequent biological treatment. The adsorption process achieved the highest COD and phenols removal percentages. The reaction time was optimized and adsorption was modelled by Langmuir isotherm. - Phenolic compounds recovery A non-ionic polymeric resin as adsorbent and ethanol as desorbent, were used to recover the phenolic compounds. The adsorption and desorption times were optimized; the adsorption process was described by a pseudo-second order kinetics and was fitted to Langmuir isotherm. Additionally, the resin reuse was evaluated. Three kinds of samples were used in the experiments: FTOP, ultrafiltrated FTOP and ultrafiltrated plus nanofiltrated FTOP. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Sequential batch reactors (SBR) were used. Experiments consisted of three steps: - Start-up Two strategies for the process start-up were performed for biomass adaptation to the FTOP: 1) adaptation to the simultaneous presence of salt and phenolic compounds of FTOP and 2) pre-acclimation to saline environments using saline synthetic water without phenols and subsequent FTOP addition. The first strategy was the best, which achieved high COD (80%) and phenolic compounds (97%) removal efficiencies. Amounts of Proteobacteria population increased with increasing SBR conductivity. - Optimization process: performance and energy consumption In order to increase the pollutants removal efficiencies three studies were carried out: 1) nutrients optimal relationship in the FTOP was 250:5:1 (COD:Nitrogen:Phosphorous). The SBR performance decreased for a nutrients ratio below the optimal one. No improvement in the SBR performance was observed with excess nutrients addition, 2) the hydraulic retention time decreased from 40 to 16 days when SBR was fed with pre-treated FTOP by adsorption with carbon and 3) the increase and maintenance of mixed liquor temperature at 30ºC did not produce the expected results, driving to a SBR performance lower than that achieved in the SBR working at room temperature. More than 70% of the bacterial population belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum. Dominant ciliate specie (Pseudocohnilembus sp) was identified, which coexists with other flagellate specie (Chilomastix sp) in some periods of the experimental procedure. Aeration time during reaction step was decreased from 22 to 14 hours in order to optimize the energy consumption. The reduction in the reactor yield was negligible. TERTIARY TREATMENT The biological process showed that the 20% of organic matter of the FTOP was non-biodegradable. Thereby; a tertiary treatment including a combined membrane system (ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in a series configuration), was necessary in order to treat the SBR effluent. This system provided a suitable final effluent for its reuse. / En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha llevado a cabo la depuración de un agua residual industrial, generada durante la producción de aceitunas de mesa al "Estilo Español". En concreto se ha trabajado con las salmueras agotadas de la etapa de fermentación láctica de las aceitunas (FTOP: Fermentation Brine from the Table Olive Processing). Para la depuración de las FTOP se propone un tratamiento integral, cuya finalidad es regenerar estos efluentes y reutilizarlos como salmuera nueva o como líquido de envasado de las aceitunas. PRETRATAMIENTOS Con los pretratamientos se buscó reducir la carga contaminante de las FTOP para facilitar un tratamiento biológico posterior. Otro objetivo fue la recuperación de los compuestos fenólicos presentes en estas aguas residuales, para su posterior valorización dentro de las industrias farmacéuticas, cosméticas y de alimentación. - Eliminación de materia orgánica y fenoles Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la modificación del pH, la adición de coagulantes y floculantes y la adsorción con carbón activo en polvo (CAP). Ni el ajuste de pH ni el empleo de coagulantes y floculantes, ambos con posterior sedimentación, ofrecieron rendimientos de eliminación de sólidos en suspensión y DQO que justificaran su uso previo al tratamiento biológico. Los mayores porcentajes de eliminación de DQO y fenoles se consiguieron con la adsorción. Durante este estudio se optimizó el tiempo de reacción y se correlacionó la adsorción con la isoterma de Langmuir. - Recuperación de compuestos fenólicos Se utilizó una resina polimérica y etanol como desorbente. Se experimento con FTOP filtrada a 60 micras, FTOP ultrafiltrada y FTOP nanofiltrada. Se optimizaron los tiempos de adsorción y desorción, se correlacionó la adsorción con una cinética de pseudo-segundo orden y se ajustó a la isoterma de Langmuir. Además, se evaluó la vida útil de la resina. TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO Se usaron reactores biológicos secuenciales (SBR). Etapas experimentales: - Puesta en marcha Se siguieron dos estrategias de adaptación de la biomasa: 1) adaptación conjunta a alta salinidad y compuestos fenólicos de las FTOP y 2) preadaptación inicial a medios salinos, utilizando un agua sintética salina libre de fenoles, previa a la adición de FTOP. La adaptación conjunta consiguió mayores rendimientos de eliminación de DQO (80%) y compuestos fenólicos (97%). La biomasa bacteriana incrementó su población de Proteobacterias a medida que aumentó la conductividad en los SBRs. - Optimización del proceso: rendimiento y consumo energético Para aumentar el rendimiento de eliminación de los contaminantes se realizaron tres actuaciones: 1) se estableció la relación óptima de nutrientes en las FTOP en 250:5:1 (DQO:Nitrógeno:Fósforo). Se comprobó que el déficit de nutrientes disminuyó el rendimiento del SBR y que un exceso de los mismos no conducía a una mejora significativa, 2) el pretatamiento de las FTOP con carbón permitió reducir el tiempo de retención hidráulico de 40 a 16 días, y 3) el aumento y mantenimiento de la temperatura del licor de mezcla a 30ºC no tuvo el efecto esperado, dando lugar a rendimientos por debajo de los obtenidos en los SBRs a temperatura ambiente. Las Proteobacterias representaron más del 70% de la población bacteriana. En cuanto a la población protista se encontró un único ciliado (Pseudocohnilembus sp), que en algunos casos convivió con otra especie flagelada (Chilomastix sp). Para optimizar el consumo energético se redujo el tiempo de aireación durante la etapa de reacción, pasando de 22 a 14 horas, con una reducción mínima del rendimiento del reactor. TRATAMIENTO TERCIARIO Durante el tratamiento biológico se comprobó que las FTOP contienen aproximadamente un 20% de materia orgánica no biodegradable. Es por ello que se aplicó un tratamiento terciario al efluente obtenido del tratamiento biológico, formado por un sistema de membranas / En la present Tesis Doctoral s'ha dut a terme la depuració d'un aigua residual industrial, generada durant la producció d'olives de taula al "Estilo Español". En concret s'ha treballat en les salmorres esgotades procedents de l'etapa de fermentació làctica de les olives (FTOP: Fermentation Brine from the Table Olive Processing). Per a depurar les FTOP es proposa un tractament integral, en la finalitat de regenerar estos efluents i reutilitzar-los com salmorra nova o com líquid de envasat de les olives. PRETRACTAMENTS Amb els pretractaments es va perseguir reduir la carrega contaminant de les FTOP per facilitar el tractament biològic posterior. Altre objectiu va ser la recuperació dels compostos fenòlics presents en estes aigües residuals, per a la seua posterior valorització dins de les industries farmacèutiques, cosmètiques i d'alimentació. - Eliminació de matèria orgànica i fenols Les tècniques utilitzades foren la modificació del pH, l'adició de coagulants i floculants i l'adsorció amb carbó actiu en pols (CAP). Ni l'ajust de pH ni l'ús de coagulants y floculants, tots dos amb posterior sedimentació, oferiren rendiments d'eliminació de sòlids en suspensió i DQO que justificaren el seu ús de forma prèvia al tractament biològic. Els majors percentatges d'eliminació de DQO i fenols s'aconseguiren amb l'adsorció. Al llarg de l'estudi s'optimitzà el temps de reacció i es va correlacionar l'adsorció amb la isoterma de Langmuir. - Recuperació de compostos fenòlics Es va utilitzar una resina polimèrica i etanol com desorbent. L'experimentació es va fer en FTOP filtrada a 60 micres, FTOP ultrafiltada y FTOP nanofiltrada. S'optimitzaren el temps d'adsorció i el de desorció, es correlacionà l'adsorció amb una cinètica de pseudo-segon ordre i es va ajustar amb la isoterma de Langmuir. A més, es va avaluar la vida útil de la resina. TRACTAMENT BIOLÒGIC Es feren servir reactors biològics seqüencials (SBR: Sequential Batch Reactor). El període experimental es va dividir en tres etapes: - Posada en marxa Es seguiren dos estratègies d'adaptació de la biomassa: 1) adaptació conjunta a l'alta salinitat i compostos fenòlics de les FTOP i 2) preadaptació inicial a mitjos salins, fent servir un aigua sintètica salina lliure de fenols, abans de l'adició de la FTOP. L'adaptació conjunta va aconseguir majorsrendiments d'eliminació de DQO (80%) i compostos fenòlics (97%). La biomassa bacteriana incrementà la seua població de Proteobacteries a mesura que anà augmentant la conductivitat en els SBRs. - Optimització del procés: rendiment i consum energètic Per incrementar el rendiment d'eliminació dels contaminants es feren tres actuacions: 1) es va establir la relació òptima de nutrients en les FTOP en 250:5:1 (DQO:Nitrògeno:Fòsfor). Es va comprovar que el dèficit de nutrients reduí el rendiment del SBR i un excés d'ells no va conduir a una millora significativa, 2) el pretractament de les FTOP amb carbó va permetir reduir el temps de retenció hidràulic de 40 a 16 dies, i 3) l'augment i manteniment de la temperatura del licor de mescla a 30ºC no va tindre l'efecte esperat, donant lloc a rendiments per baix dels obtinguts als SBRs a temperatura ambient. Les Proteobacteries representaren més del 70% de la població bacteriana. En quan a la població protista es trobà un únic ciliat (Pseudocohnilembus sp), que en alguns casos va conviure amb altra espècie flagel·lada (Chilomastix sp). Per optimitzar el consumo energètic es va reduir el temps d'aireació durant l'etapa de reacció, passant de 22 a 14 hores, amb una reducció mínima del rendiment del reactor. TRACTAMENT TERCIARI Durant el tractament biològic es va comprovar que les FTOP contenen aproximadament un 20% de matèria orgànica no biodegradable. Això fa necessari aplicar un tractament terciari al efluent obtingut del del biològic, format per un sistema s'aconseguí un efluent final apte per a la seua / Ferrer Polonio, E. (2017). TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO AEROBIO PARA AGUAS RESIDUALES CON ELEVADA CONDUCTIVIDAD Y CONCENTRACIÓN DE FENOLES [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/83382 / TESIS

Planícies hipersalinas são conhecidas em várias partes do mundo, por vezes intimamente associadas a manguezais. No Brasil são registradas do Pará a Santa Catarina, descontinuamente, por todo o litoral. Representam reservatórios de nutrientes e zonas de retração de bosques de mangue, no caso de elevação do nível médio do mar, merecendo maior atenção no que diz respeito ao manejo da zona costeira. No presente estudo, foi realizado monitoramento da salinidade da água intersticial, levantamento microtopográfico, análise granulométrica, caracterização estrutural do bosque de mangue associado e, levantamento dos dados climatológicos da região, tendo como objetivo definir os processos de formação e manutenção dos apicuns de Guaratiba. Os resultados indicam que a estrutura vegetal varia de acordo com o gradiente de inundação pelas marés, diminuindo à medida em que se afasta do corpo dágua - rio Piracão. Os valores médios de salinidade podem ser reunidos em 03 grupos distintos: interior do bosque de mangue, apicum com cobertura de Salicornia gaudichaudiana e apicum. A micro-topografia da área é variável, com pequenos canais que favorecem a colonização por A. schaueriana e elevações, onde é maior o acúmulo de sais. O clima apresentou variações interanuais, embora com presença de estações secas. A extensão dos apicuns deve-se à freqüente ocorrência de marés meteorológicas, podendo ter sido influenciada por retificações e drenagens dos pequenos rios e canais que cortam a região. / Salt flats are to be found in many different parts of the world, often associated with mangrove swamps. This is the case of the Brazilian shoreline from Pará, in the north, to Santa Catarina, in the south, although they are not continuous. They may be considered as nutrient reservoirs and as retraction zones for mangrove in the case of sea level rise and as such must be considered of great importance in the management of the coastal zone. In the present study, monitoring of the salinity of the interstitial waters was carried out over a period of two years. A micro-topographical survey, granulometric analysis, surveys of the structural characteristics of the associated mangrove areas and of the climate data of the region were included in the study with the objective to define the processes of formation and maintenance of the Sepetiba Bay salt flats. Results indicate that vegetation structure varies with the gradient of tidal inundation, decreasing landward. Interstitial water salinity measurements can be placed in three distinct groups: the mangrove grove itself, salt flat with Salicornia gaudichaudiana and salt flat. The micro-topography of the area varies considerably with small channels which favour colonization by Avicennia schaueriana and micro-mounts where the salt concentration is higher. The climate presents inter-annual variations, but always exhibiting dry seasons. The extension of salt flats is due to the frequency of meteorological tides associates with rectification and drainage of small rivers and channels which are to be found throughout the region.

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-05-24T18:20:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 278148.pdf: 9125580 bytes, checksum: 862e99d463533276f40617d6a6808f1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T18:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 278148.pdf: 9125580 bytes, checksum: 862e99d463533276f40617d6a6808f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-12-14 / CAPES / A laguna de Araruama, localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, com 220 Km2, tem uma grande importância ecológica e sócio econômica. É a maior laguna hipersalina do mundo em regime permanente. Sua estreita comunicação com o mar, sua fraca profundidade e as condições climáticas explicam a sua hipersalinidade constante (>50). A interferência antrópica crescente é um dos seus principais problemas. A fim de analisar a composição zooplanctônica e sua variação espaço-temporal ao longo de um ano, foram coletadas amostras a cada 16 dias, em dez estações na laguna. Temperatura, salinidade e transparência da água foram medidas simultaneamente. A variação diária do zooplâncton foi avaliada através de coletas em diferentes horários durante dois períodos, em uma estação fixa (07-09/09/93 e 07-10/04/95). Os resultados revelam a predominância de um zooplâncton de baixa diversidade e de pequeno porte, composto principalmente pela espécie eurihalina de copépode Oithona oswaldocruzi e larvas de bivalve. Os demais organismos holoplanctônicos, raramente encontrados, não devem reproduzir-se dentro da laguna. O.oswaldocruzi completa seu ciclo vital, estando adaptada às condições estressantes do meio. Copépodes e larvas de bivalve apresentam um máximo de abundância entre setembro e novembro, além de picos menores. A porcentagem de femeas... / The Araruama Lagoon, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, measuring 220 Km2, has a great ecological and socio-economic importance. It is the largest permanent hypersaline lagoon in the world. Its constant hypersalinity can be explained by its narrow communication with the ocean, its shallowness, and the climate conditions. The increasing anthropic influence is one of its main problems. ln order to analyze the zooplankton composition and its spatial and temporal variations during one annual cycle, the samples were taken every 16 days, during 1994, in 10 stations in the lagoon. Simultaneously, temperature, salinity and transparency of water were measured. The daily variation of the zooplankton was analyzed by drags in different hours of the day in two periods, from November 7th to 9th 1993, and April 7th to 10th 1995. The results revealed the predominance of a zooplankton of small size and low diversity, composed basically of the eurihaline specie of copepod called Oithona oswaldocruzi and bivalve larvae. The other holoplanktonics organisms rarely found, may not reproduce in the lagoon. The O.oswaldocruzi is able to complete its life cycle, suggesting that it is adapted to the stressing conditions of the environment. The greatest abundance of copepods and bivalve larvae happens from September to November. The percentage of females...

Planícies hipersalinas são conhecidas em várias partes do mundo, por vezes intimamente associadas a manguezais. No Brasil são registradas do Pará a Santa Catarina, descontinuamente, por todo o litoral. Representam reservatórios de nutrientes e zonas de retração de bosques de mangue, no caso de elevação do nível médio do mar, merecendo maior atenção no que diz respeito ao manejo da zona costeira. No presente estudo, foi realizado monitoramento da salinidade da água intersticial, levantamento microtopográfico, análise granulométrica, caracterização estrutural do bosque de mangue associado e, levantamento dos dados climatológicos da região, tendo como objetivo definir os processos de formação e manutenção dos apicuns de Guaratiba. Os resultados indicam que a estrutura vegetal varia de acordo com o gradiente de inundação pelas marés, diminuindo à medida em que se afasta do corpo dágua - rio Piracão. Os valores médios de salinidade podem ser reunidos em 03 grupos distintos: interior do bosque de mangue, apicum com cobertura de Salicornia gaudichaudiana e apicum. A micro-topografia da área é variável, com pequenos canais que favorecem a colonização por A. schaueriana e elevações, onde é maior o acúmulo de sais. O clima apresentou variações interanuais, embora com presença de estações secas. A extensão dos apicuns deve-se à freqüente ocorrência de marés meteorológicas, podendo ter sido influenciada por retificações e drenagens dos pequenos rios e canais que cortam a região. / Salt flats are to be found in many different parts of the world, often associated with mangrove swamps. This is the case of the Brazilian shoreline from Pará, in the north, to Santa Catarina, in the south, although they are not continuous. They may be considered as nutrient reservoirs and as retraction zones for mangrove in the case of sea level rise and as such must be considered of great importance in the management of the coastal zone. In the present study, monitoring of the salinity of the interstitial waters was carried out over a period of two years. A micro-topographical survey, granulometric analysis, surveys of the structural characteristics of the associated mangrove areas and of the climate data of the region were included in the study with the objective to define the processes of formation and maintenance of the Sepetiba Bay salt flats. Results indicate that vegetation structure varies with the gradient of tidal inundation, decreasing landward. Interstitial water salinity measurements can be placed in three distinct groups: the mangrove grove itself, salt flat with Salicornia gaudichaudiana and salt flat. The micro-topography of the area varies considerably with small channels which favour colonization by Avicennia schaueriana and micro-mounts where the salt concentration is higher. The climate presents inter-annual variations, but always exhibiting dry seasons. The extension of salt flats is due to the frequency of meteorological tides associates with rectification and drainage of small rivers and channels which are to be found throughout the region.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-23T18:42:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Taynara Pontes Franco.pdf: 1292257 bytes, checksum: 6adb092b864fac2081ba5afb46e52d2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-23T18:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Taynara Pontes Franco.pdf: 1292257 bytes, checksum: 6adb092b864fac2081ba5afb46e52d2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / FAPERJ / Coastal lagoons can have different salinity gradient depending on the geographical position, hydrological balance, type of sea connection and other environmental conditions, which influence structure of fish assemblages that uses these systems. The aim of this study was to assess the use of ichthyofauna and eventual changes in structure of fish assemblages in relation to environmental variables, mainly the salinity, in three choked lagoon systems of the coastal lowlandsof Rio de Janeiro State (Maric?, Saquarema and Araruama). The raised hypothesis wasthat different fish assemblages use lagoons with different salinity gradient and that the species richness is directly associated to salinity with optimum at normal marine water (36), and that changes above or below this value can limit occurrence of species. Beach seines and environmental variables measurements were performed during the winter 2011 and the summer 2012. Three zones determined according to distance from the connection with the sea (Inner zone ? the farthest area from the channel that connect the lagoon to the sea with lesser marine influence; Middle zone ? the central part of the lagoon; and Outer zone - next to the channel thatconnect the lagoon to the sea, with more marine influence) and ten sites evenly distributed in each lagoon were sampled in three replicates, totaling 168 samples. Environmental variables of salinity, temperature, depth, transparency and turbidity were measured in each sampling occasion. Considering all pooled samples, the environmental variables that most contributed to lagoon separation was the salinity (higher in Araruama and lower in Maric?) and temperature between the two sampled periods (winter and summer). A total of 57,083 fishes were collected in 44 species. The more representative families were Gerreidae with six species, Clupeidae and Gobiidae with cinco species and Sciaenidae with four species. Twenty species were common to the three lagoons with more represented species being Atherinella brasiliensis and Anchoa januaria with frequency of occurrence higher than 65%. Despite of differences in environmental gradient, mainly the salinity, only the fish assemblage of Araruama lagoon differed from the other two lagoons, although with high fish sobreposition. The highest richness found in the hyperhaline Araruama lagoon (32 esp?cies) was very close of fish richness in the Saquarema lagoon (30 species), although the latter had a much smaller area, which confirm the hypothesis that the highest richness occur in salinity near to the marine water salinity. Differences in environmental conditions among the three lagoon zones were significantly only in Maric? lagoon, which may be related to its estuarine conditions. Salinity, transparency and turbidity were the most important factors influences fish assemblages depending on the lagoon, with Maric? having a higher influence of transparency on fish assemblages, while the turbidity had higher influence during the Summer in Saquarema and Araruama fish assemblages. Such information are a baseline to future evaluation of the environmental condition of these systems aiming the resources conservation, but other studies need to be incorporate to these analyses, mainly the influences of physical habitat on fish assemblages structure. / Lagunas podem assumir diferentes gradientes de salinidade dependendo de sua localiza??o geogr?fica, balan?o h?drico, conex?o com mar e outras condi??es ambientais, as quais influenciam a estrutura das assembleias de peixes que utilizam esses ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso da ictiofauna e eventuais varia??es na estrutura das assembleias de peixes em rela??o ?s vari?veis ambientais, principalmente o gradiente de salinidade em tr?s sistemas lagunares sufocados da Baixada Litor?nea do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Maric?, Saquarema e Araruama). A hip?tese testada foi a de que diferentes assembleias de peixes usam lagunas com diferentes gradientes salinos, e que a riqueza de esp?cies ? diretamente associada a salinidade at? o valor da salinidade normal da ?gua do mar (36), e que varia??es acima ou abaixo destes n?veis poderiam restringir a ocorr?ncia das esp?cies. Arrastos de praia e medi??es de vari?veis ambientais foram realizados durante o Inverno de 2011 e Ver?o de 2012. Tr?s zonas foram determinadas a partir da dist?ncia da conex?o com o mar (Zona Interna ? mais distante do canal de conex?o com o mar e com menor influ?ncia marinha; Zona Central ? parte mais central da laguna, e Zona Externa ? mais pr?xima do canal de conex?o com o mar e com maior influ?ncia marinha) e dez locais de coleta foram amostrados, com tr?s r?plicas cada, distribu?dos entre estas zonas em cada laguna, totalizando 168 amostras. Vari?veis ambientais de salinidade, temperatura, profundidade, transpar?ncia e turbidez foram medidas em cada arrasto realizado. Considerando todo o conjunto de amostras, as vari?veis ambientais que mais contribu?ram para a separa??o das lagunas foram salinidade (maior em Araruama e menor em Maric?) e a temperatura entre os dois per?odos de coleta (Inverno e Ver?o). Foram coletados 57.083 indiv?duos em 44 esp?cies de peixes. As fam?lias de maior representatividade foram Gerreidae com seis esp?cies, Clupeidae e Gobiidae com cinco esp?cies e Sciaenidae com quatro esp?cies. Vinte esp?cies foram comuns ?s tr?s lagunas e as esp?cies de maior representatividade entre elas foram Atherinella brasiliensis e Anchoa januaria com frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia superiores a 65%. Apesar das diferen?as no gradiente ambiental, principalmente na salinidade, somente a assembleia de peixes de Araruama diferiu das demais, embora com grande sobreposi??o de esp?cies. A maior riqueza foi encontrada na laguna hipersalina de Araruama (32 esp?cies), por?m muito pr?xima da riqueza na laguna de Saquarema (30 esp?cies), embora com esta ?ltima tendo uma ?rea bem menor, o que confirma a hip?tese de maior riqueza em salinidade pr?xima da ?gua do mar. As diferen?as nas condi??es ambientais existentes entre as zonas das lagunas somente foram significativas na laguna de Maric?, o que pode estar relacionado ao seu car?ter estuarino. A salinidade, transpar?ncia e turbidez foram os fatores que mais influenciaram as assembleias de peixes, com diferentes graus de influ?ncia dependendo da laguna, com Maric? tendo maior influ?ncia da transpar?ncia na assembleia de peixes, enquanto a turbidez teve maior influ?ncia no ver?o nas assembleias de peixes em Saquarema e Araruama. Estas informa??es servem de base para futuras avalia??es da condi??o ambiental deste sistema visando a conserva??o destes recursos, por?m outros estudos devem ser incorporados nas an?lises, principalmente as influ?ncias do habitat f?sico na estrutura das assembleias de peixes.