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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação dos efeitos hipolipêmico e antioxidante in vivo dos extratos hidroalcoólicos da folha e raíz do yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) / Evaluation of effects hipolipêmico and antioxidant in vivo of extracts hydroalcoholic leaf and root of yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius)

Oliveira, Patrícia Martinez 27 July 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-11-18T19:21:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Martinez.pdf: 1740129 bytes, checksum: 2e78fca15b7342e0463a1eb9c89b943a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T19:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Martinez.pdf: 1740129 bytes, checksum: 2e78fca15b7342e0463a1eb9c89b943a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) lideram as causas de morte em todo o mundo, sendo a dislipidemia o principal fator de risco. A alimentação é reconhecida como a intervenção mais importante na prevenção de patologias e as plantas são consideradas a melhor fonte de antioxidantes naturais. Entre elas, um alimento funcional que tem se destacado é o Yacon, uma raiz tuberosa, originária da região Andina que possui frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) como principal carboidrato de reserva, diferenciando-se da maioria das espécies tuberosas que estocam energia na forma de amido. Além desses compostos, o Yacon apresenta polifenóis em quantidade significativa tanto nas raízes como nas folhas. Estudos demonstram que o Yacon possui atividade hipoglicêmica, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre outras propriedades. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos hipolipêmico e antioxidante in vivo dos extratos hidroalcoólicos da folha e raiz do Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em: G1 (controle dieta normal), G2 (controle dieta hipercalórica) (NaCl 0,9%), G3: suspensão oral de sinvastatina 10 mg/Kg (SIM), G4: extrato folha Yacon 20 mg/kg (EFY20), G5: extrato folha Yacon 40 mg/kg (EFY40), G6: extrato folha Yacon 20 mg/kg + sinvastatina (EFY20+SIM), G7: extrato folha Yacon 40 mg/kg + sinvastatina (EFY40+SIM), G8: extrato raiz Yacon 20 mg/kg (ERY20), G9: extrato raiz Yacon 40 mg/kg (ERY40), G10: extrato raiz Yacon 20 mg/kg + sinvastatina (ERY20+SIM) e G11: extrato raiz Yacon 40 mg/kg + sinvastatina (ERY40+SIM). As formulações foram administradas uma vez ao dia por gavage durante 14 dias consecutivos. Os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e de estresse oxidativo foram determinados através de metodologias clássicas. Os grupos que receberam o extrato de Yacon apresentaram melhora do perfil glicêmico e lipídico. A dieta hipercolesterolêmica aumentou os níveis séricos da creatina-quinase, CK-MB, homocisteína e LDH porém a administração do extrato diminuiu significativamente os níveis destes marcadores quando comparado ao grupo não tratado. Além disso, o extrato, reduziu a peroxidação lipídica, a carbonilação proteica, e frequência de micronúcleos induzida por hipercolesterolemia e aumentou as defesas antioxidantes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH, vitamina C e polifenóis) no sangue. Verificou-se ainda que, a suplementação do Yacon não mostrou efeito hepatotóxico ou nefrotóxico. A dieta hipercolesterolêmica aumentou o processo inflamatório, avaliado através de seus marcadores, e a administração do extrato melhorou esse parâmetro. Além disso, a suplementação com a raiz do Yacon controlou o ganho de peso dos animais. Assim, os resultados sugerem que o extrato liofilizado do Yacon apresentou uma atividade hipoglicêmica, hipolipêmica e antioxidante, possivelmente devido ao seu alto conteúdo de compostos fenólicos. / Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and dyslipidemia a major risk factor. Feeding is recognized as the most important intervention in the prevention of diseases and plants are considered the best source of natural antioxidants. Among them, a functional food that has been highlighted is the Yacon, a tuberous root, originate in the Andean region with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as the main reserve carbohydrate, differing from most tuberous species which store energy in the form of starch. In addition to these compounds, Yacon presents significant amount of polyphenols in both roots and leaves. Studies show that Yacon has hypoglycemic activity, however little is known about other properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypolipemic and antioxidant effects in vivo of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaf and root of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Male Wistar rats were used, divided into: G1 (normal control diet), G2 (control calorie diet) (NaCl 0.9%), group 3: oral suspension of simvastatin 10 mg/kg (SIM), group 4: Yacon leaf extract 20 mg/kg (YLE20), group 5: Yacon leaf extract 40 mg/kg (YLE50), group 6: Yacon leaf extract 20 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg (YLE20+SIM), group 7: Yacon leaf extract 40 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg (YLE40+SIM), group 8: Yacon root extract 20 mg/kg (YRE20), G9: Yacon root extract 40 mg/kg (YRE40), G10: Yacon root extract 20 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg (YRE20+SIM), G11: Yacon root extract 40 mg/kg and simvastatin 10 mg/kg (YRE40+SIM), The formulations were administered once daily by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were determined by classical methods. The groups that received the Yacon extract showed improvement of glycemic and lipid profile. The hypercholesterolemic diet increased serum levels of creatine kinase, CK-MB, homocysteine and LDH, but the extract administration decreased the levels of these markers significantly when compared to the untreated group. Moreover, the extract, reduced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and frequency of micronucleus induced by hypercholesterolemia and increase antioxidant defenses (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH, vitamin C, polyphenols) in the blood. Moreover, supplementation of Yacon showed no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effect. The hypercholesterolemic diet increased the inflammatory process, evaluated through your markers, and extract administration has improved this parameter. Furthermore, supplementation with the root of Yacon controlled weight gain of animals. Thus, the results suggest that the lyophilized Yacon extract showed a hypoglycemic, hypolipemic and antioxidant activity, possibly due to its high content of phenolic compounds.

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