Foram realizados ensaios de curta e média duração em animais e humanos visando avaliar o aproveitamento do amido do feijão em relação a outras fontes de carboidratos complexos, de consumo habitual da população brasileira. Em animais, o aumento da glicose plasmática decorrente da ingestão de diferentes fontes de amido decresceu na seguinte ordem: polenta= arroz= pão= macarrão> canjica = farinha de mandioca> mandioca = feijão Carioca = feijão Fradinho. Em humanos, o feijão com casca ou sem casca produziu menores respostas plasmáticas de glicose que a polenta, arroz, arroz com feijão; as respostas de insulina plasmática foram reduzidas para todas as dietas que continham feijão e tanto a polenta como o feijão estimularam de forma semelhante a liberação do GLP-1 7-36. Pudemos evidenciar a persistência do reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão, em relação ao da polenta, apesar da adaptação dos animais a essas fontes de carboidratos por 13 dias. Observamos por microscopia óptica e ensaios \"in vivo\" que a parede celular íntegra e a organização física entre os grânulos de amido e proteína podem explicar, em parte, o reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão. / Short- and midle-term assays in animais and humans were carried out to determine the utilization of bean starch as compared to usual Brazilian starchy foods. The order of glycemic response was: polenta = rice = bread = macaroni > hominy = cassava flour > cassava = Carioca bean = Fradinho bean. Beans with ar without seed coat produced in human a glycemic response lower than polenta, rice and rice plus bean; the insulin response was reduced for all diets containing beans; the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 was the same either for polenta ar bean diet. The reduced utilization of bean starch for polenta and bean diet was confirmed in midle-term assays (13 days). The optic microscopy and \"in vivo\" observations suggested that existence of whole cell walls and starch-protein associations may explain the lower blood response.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by cellular insulin resistance and consequent disturbances in glucose metabolism. Long-term consumption of buckwheat has been previously shown to improve glycemia in individuals with T2DM; however, the underlying mechanisms as well as the contribution of improved acute glycemic responses have not been fully characterized. The current study used cell culture and clinical studies to investigate the mechanisms and effectiveness of common buckwheat for acute modulation of glucose metabolism and glycemia. Glucose uptake was inhibited in H4IIE cells treated with a buckwheat extract (BWE), an effect attributed to the actions of an unknown compound(s). Reduced glucose uptake and transepithelial glucose transport was also present in Caco2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and monolayers. The mechanism behind inhibited glucose uptake did not involve modulation of several signaling pathways regulating glucose metabolism, including p38 MAPK, p42/44 ERK, PI3Kγ, PKC, PKA, mTOR and AMPK. Interestingly, BWE treatment was associated with other effects on glucose metabolism, including elevated glucose production and levels of gluconeogenic enzymes. However, these effects were not mediated through the classical pathway of CREB activation involving cyclic AMP and PKA. In a blinded, reference product-controlled study, consumption of a cracker product made from whole grain common buckwheat flour containing 50 grams of available carbohydrate was not associated with changes in post-prandial glucose or insulin concentrations in both healthy individuals and those with diet-controlled T2DM. However, consumption of buckwheat crackers was associated with changes in selected gastrointestinal satiety hormones. Interestingly, several significant correlations observed between fasting concentrations and the overall post-prandial response of these hormones were affected by T2DM. In conclusion, glucose-lowering effects of common buckwheat are not due to the actions of known bioactive compounds, and may involve direct inhibition of facilitative transporters by a novel compound. Although a buckwheat food product did not reduce post-prandial glycemia, identifying the compound responsible for inhibited glucose uptake will allow development of food products enriched with this compound, and may represent a more effective dietary approach to managing glycemia.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by cellular insulin resistance and consequent disturbances in glucose metabolism. Long-term consumption of buckwheat has been previously shown to improve glycemia in individuals with T2DM; however, the underlying mechanisms as well as the contribution of improved acute glycemic responses have not been fully characterized. The current study used cell culture and clinical studies to investigate the mechanisms and effectiveness of common buckwheat for acute modulation of glucose metabolism and glycemia. Glucose uptake was inhibited in H4IIE cells treated with a buckwheat extract (BWE), an effect attributed to the actions of an unknown compound(s). Reduced glucose uptake and transepithelial glucose transport was also present in Caco2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and monolayers. The mechanism behind inhibited glucose uptake did not involve modulation of several signaling pathways regulating glucose metabolism, including p38 MAPK, p42/44 ERK, PI3Kγ, PKC, PKA, mTOR and AMPK. Interestingly, BWE treatment was associated with other effects on glucose metabolism, including elevated glucose production and levels of gluconeogenic enzymes. However, these effects were not mediated through the classical pathway of CREB activation involving cyclic AMP and PKA. In a blinded, reference product-controlled study, consumption of a cracker product made from whole grain common buckwheat flour containing 50 grams of available carbohydrate was not associated with changes in post-prandial glucose or insulin concentrations in both healthy individuals and those with diet-controlled T2DM. However, consumption of buckwheat crackers was associated with changes in selected gastrointestinal satiety hormones. Interestingly, several significant correlations observed between fasting concentrations and the overall post-prandial response of these hormones were affected by T2DM. In conclusion, glucose-lowering effects of common buckwheat are not due to the actions of known bioactive compounds, and may involve direct inhibition of facilitative transporters by a novel compound. Although a buckwheat food product did not reduce post-prandial glycemia, identifying the compound responsible for inhibited glucose uptake will allow development of food products enriched with this compound, and may represent a more effective dietary approach to managing glycemia.

abstract: Objective: Vinegar consumption studies have demonstrated possible therapeutic effects in reducing HbA1c and postprandial glycemia. The purpose of the study was to closely examine the effects of a commercial vinegar drink on daily fluctuations in fasting glucose concentrations and postprandial glycemia, and on HbA1c, in individuals at risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D). Design: Thirteen women and one man (21-62 y; mean, 46.0±3.9 y) participated in this 12-week parallel-arm trial. Participants were recruited from a campus community and were healthy and not diabetic by self-report. Participants were not prescribed oral hypoglycemic medications or insulin; other medications were allowed if use was stable for > 3 months. Subjects were randomized to one of two groups: VIN (8 ounces vinegar drink providing 1.5 g acetic acid) or CON (1 vinegar pill providing 0.04 g acetic acid). Treatments were taken twice daily immediately prior to the lunch and dinner meals. Venous blood samples were drawn at trial weeks 0 and 12 to measure insulin, fasting glucose, and HbA1c. Subjects recorded fasting glucose and 2-h postprandial glycemia concentrations daily using a glucometer. Results: The VIN group showed significant reductions in fasting capillary blood glucose concentrations (p=0.05) that were immediate and sustained throughout the duration of the study. The VIN group had reductions in 2-h postprandial glucose (mean change of −7.6±6.8 mg/dL over the 12-week trial), but this value was not significantly different than that for the CON group (mean change of 3.3±5.3 mg/dL over the 12-week trial, p=0.232). HbA1c did not significantly change (p=0.702), but the reduction in HbA1c in the VIN group, −0.14±0.1%, may have physiological relevance. Conclusions: Significant reductions in HbA1c were not observed after daily consumption of a vinegar drink containing 1.5 g acetic acid in non-diabetic individuals. However, the vinegar drink did significantly reduce fasting capillary blood glucose concentrations in these individuals as compared to a vinegar pill containing 0.04 g acetic acid. These results support a therapeutic effect for vinegar in T2D prevention and progression, specifically in high-risk populations. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2013

Foram realizados ensaios de curta e média duração em animais e humanos visando avaliar o aproveitamento do amido do feijão em relação a outras fontes de carboidratos complexos, de consumo habitual da população brasileira. Em animais, o aumento da glicose plasmática decorrente da ingestão de diferentes fontes de amido decresceu na seguinte ordem: polenta= arroz= pão= macarrão> canjica = farinha de mandioca> mandioca = feijão Carioca = feijão Fradinho. Em humanos, o feijão com casca ou sem casca produziu menores respostas plasmáticas de glicose que a polenta, arroz, arroz com feijão; as respostas de insulina plasmática foram reduzidas para todas as dietas que continham feijão e tanto a polenta como o feijão estimularam de forma semelhante a liberação do GLP-1 7-36. Pudemos evidenciar a persistência do reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão, em relação ao da polenta, apesar da adaptação dos animais a essas fontes de carboidratos por 13 dias. Observamos por microscopia óptica e ensaios \"in vivo\" que a parede celular íntegra e a organização física entre os grânulos de amido e proteína podem explicar, em parte, o reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão. / Short- and midle-term assays in animais and humans were carried out to determine the utilization of bean starch as compared to usual Brazilian starchy foods. The order of glycemic response was: polenta = rice = bread = macaroni > hominy = cassava flour > cassava = Carioca bean = Fradinho bean. Beans with ar without seed coat produced in human a glycemic response lower than polenta, rice and rice plus bean; the insulin response was reduced for all diets containing beans; the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 was the same either for polenta ar bean diet. The reduced utilization of bean starch for polenta and bean diet was confirmed in midle-term assays (13 days). The optic microscopy and \"in vivo\" observations suggested that existence of whole cell walls and starch-protein associations may explain the lower blood response.

Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder encountered in small animal medicine. Problems related with obesity are the higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional and physical activity interventions have been common strategies employed; however, they have shown low compliance rates. Because of it more attention has been given to the nutrient composition of diets. Using the canine model, three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fish oil or barley on protein and lipid metabolism, as well as postprandial glycemia, and nutrient digestibility in mature and in young adult dogs. In Exp. 1, seven female dogs were randomly assigned to one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, control (CO) or fish oil (FO), in a crossover design. Animals fed the FO diet tended to be more sensitive to glucose, showing a lower glucose half life. Cholesterol and HDL decreased (p<0.05) on the FO treatment. Overall, the supplementation of fish oil may improve glucose clearance rate and is effective in decreasing cholesterol in mature overweight dogs. In Exp. 2, eight female Beagles were randomly assigned to one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, control (CO) or fish oil (FO), in a crossover design. Overall, feeding a FO containing diet showed a protective effect against the rise of plasma CHOL and it increased plasma ghrelin levels. However, it did not appear to improve protein metabolism or postprandial glycemia in adult lean dogs. In Exp. 3, sixteen female dogs were randomly assigned to four experimental diets; control (40% corn) or three levels of barley (10, 20, 40%). The data suggest that inclusion of barley up to 40% in diets for adult dogs is well tolerated and does not negatively impact nutrient digestibility of the diets. However, inclusion of barley did not improve aspects related to fecal odor, postprandial glycemia, or plasma cholesterol. Overall, the research presented herein suggests that different nutritional strategies - dietary lipid or carbohydrate manipulation - may be beneficial in ameliorating health issues (e.g., hyperlipidemia) or in improving the health status of dogs (e.g., gut health by increased SCFA production).

The hypothesis that consumption of whey protein (WP) prior to a meal suppresses short-term food intake and reduces post-meal glycemia by insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms in healthy young adults was explored in three studies. Study one investigated the effect of solid vs. liquid forms of WP (50 g) and sucrose (75 g) on food intake at 1 h. Whey protein, whether in solid or liquid form, suppressed food intake more than sucrose. Study two examined the effect of WP (10-40 g) consumed 30 min prior to a meal on food intake, and pre- and post-meal blood concentrations of glucose and insulin. Whey protein reduced food intake and post-meal glycemia in a dose-dependent manner without increased blood insulin concentrations. In the third study, glycemic control after WP was compared with glucose, at doses of 10 and 20 g. Both pre-meal WP and glucose consumption reduced post-meal glycemia similarly. However, WP resulted in lower pre-meal blood glucose and delayed gastric emptying, lower pre-and post-meal and overall insulin secretion and concentrations and higher GLP-1 and PYY concentrations compared with glucose. Thus, the results of this research support the hypothesis that consumption of WP prior to a meal suppresses short-term food intake and reduces post-meal glycemia by insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms in healthy young adults.

The hypothesis that consumption of whey protein (WP) prior to a meal suppresses short-term food intake and reduces post-meal glycemia by insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms in healthy young adults was explored in three studies. Study one investigated the effect of solid vs. liquid forms of WP (50 g) and sucrose (75 g) on food intake at 1 h. Whey protein, whether in solid or liquid form, suppressed food intake more than sucrose. Study two examined the effect of WP (10-40 g) consumed 30 min prior to a meal on food intake, and pre- and post-meal blood concentrations of glucose and insulin. Whey protein reduced food intake and post-meal glycemia in a dose-dependent manner without increased blood insulin concentrations. In the third study, glycemic control after WP was compared with glucose, at doses of 10 and 20 g. Both pre-meal WP and glucose consumption reduced post-meal glycemia similarly. However, WP resulted in lower pre-meal blood glucose and delayed gastric emptying, lower pre-and post-meal and overall insulin secretion and concentrations and higher GLP-1 and PYY concentrations compared with glucose. Thus, the results of this research support the hypothesis that consumption of WP prior to a meal suppresses short-term food intake and reduces post-meal glycemia by insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms in healthy young adults.

abstract: Background: Acetic acid in vinegar has demonstrated antiglycemic effects in previous studies; however, the mechanism is unknown. Objective: To determine whether acetic acid dissociates in the addition of sodium chloride and describe a flavorful vinaigrette that maintains the functional properties of acetic acid. Design: Phase I - Ten healthy subjects (23-40 years) taste tested five homemade vinaigrette and five commercial dressings. Perceived saltiness, sweetness, tartness, and overall tasted were scored using a modified labeled affective magnitude scale. Each dressing was tested three times for pH with a calibrated meter. Phase II – Randomized crossover trial testing six dressings against a control dressing two groups of nine healthy adult subjects (18-52 years). Height, weight and calculated body mass index (BMI) were performed at baseline. Subjects participated in four test sessions each, at least seven days apart. After a 10-hour fast, participants consumed 38g of the test drink, followed by a bagel meal. Capillary blood glucose was obtained at fasting, and every 30 minutes over a 2-hour period the test meal. Results: Dressing pH reduced as sodium content increased. In the intervention trials, no significant differences were observed between groups (p >0.05). The greatest reduction in postprandial glycemia (~21%) was observed in the dressing containing 200 mg of sodium. Effect size was large in both group 1 (η2=0.161) and group 2 (η2=0.577). Conclusion: The inclusion of sodium into acetic acid may impair its ability to attenuate blood glucose after a meal. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 delgado_am_me_sjc.pdf: 1103137 bytes, checksum: 52f33f1eda213601adaeb1a4fcda3c16 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa propôs avaliar a influência do estresse motivado, ansiedade e conseqüente alteração do sistema nervoso autônomo, sobre a pressão arterial (PA) e a glicemia; de 28 voluntários (Grupo experimental contendo 12 portadores de doença sistêmica crônica e Grupo controle contendo 16 pacientes desprovidos de qualquer tipo ou histórico de doença crônica sistêmica. Todos os pacientes deveriam apresentar alteração tecidual na região maxilo-mandibular com indicação de biópsia excisional ou incisional, selecionados entre os pacientes que procuraram o serviço de diagnóstico do ambulatório de Propedêutica Estomatológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos – UNESP (FOSJC/UNESP). A PA foi avaliada através de esfigmomanômetro de pulso e a glicemia através de glicosímetro digital, em três momentos distintos, nos pacientes dos grupos controle e experimental, a fim de correlacionar possíveis modificações fisiopatológicas que acarretam em riscos na atividade odontológica. Os resultados demonstraram que a pressão arterial média do grupo experimental apresentou tendência em permanecer em valores mais altos que a pressão arterial média observada no grupo controle. Observou-se também que houve aumento da pressão arterial sistólica do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle, sendo significativo nos tempos pré e transoperatórios e finalmente detectamos elevação significativa da glicemia do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle, em todos os períodos operatórios / The research proposed to evaluate the influence of stress motivated, anxiety, and consequent alteration of the autonomic nervous system on blood pressure (BP) and plasma glucose, 28 healthy volunteers (experimental group containing 12 patients with chronic systemic disease and control group containing 16 patients without any history of chronic systemic disease. All patients presenting tissue changes in the maxillomandibular region with indication of excisional or incisional biopsy, selected among patients attending the service outpatient of Propedêutica Dental School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos - UNESP (FOSJC / UNESP). The BP was measured using a sphygmomanometer pulse and blood glucose by glucometer digital, three separate times, patients in the control and experimental groups in order to correlate possible pathophysiological changes that lead to risks in dental activity. The results showed that median arterial pressure in the experimental group tended to remain at higher levels than the median arterial pressure observed in the control group. It was also observed that there was an increase in systolic blood pressure in the experimental group compared the control group, being significant in pre and trans, and finally detected significant elevation of blood glucose in the experimental group compared to the control group at all times operative