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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

L’histoplasmose chez le patient infecté par le VIH en Guyane française / Histoplasmosis among people living with HIV in French Guiana

Adenis, Antoine 21 November 2017 (has links)
L’histoplasmose est une infection fongique invasive. Elle était décrite comme une des principales infections opportunistes et une des premières causes de décès au stade SIDA en Guyane française.Plusieurs travaux scientifiques ont été menés. Classée première infection opportuniste au stade SIDA, l’incidence de l’histoplasmose était estimé à 1,5 p100 personne-années infectées par le VIH. Le nombre de cas incidents était stable à un niveau élevé et la proportion de décès précoces <10%. Avec une surincidence des cas en fin de saison sèche et début de petite saison des pluies, le principal processus menant à une maladie symptomatique était une nouvelle infection. La comparaison des cas de tuberculose et d’histoplasmose retrouvait respectivement, un profil clinique respiratoire dans un contexte inflammatoire marqué et, un profil disséminé accompagné de cytopénies et d’anomalies hépatiques chez des patients plus immunodéprimés. L’évaluation de la détection sérique de l’antigène galactomananne était pertinente pour le diagnostic de l’histoplasmose. Une redéfinition des critères de sévérité et le développement d’arguments pour une stratégie thérapeutique empirique à visée antifongique étaient proposés.Des résultats préliminaires démontraient la présence (au Suriname et au Guyana) et une incidence importante de l’histoplasmose chez les patients infectés par le VIH du Suriname. A l’échelle de l’Amérique Latine, la mortalité liée à l’histoplasmose était estimée équivalente voire supérieure à celle de la tuberculose chez les patients infectés par le VIH. L’histoplasmose y était jugée négligée, méconnue, responsable de nombreux décès évitables. / Histoplasmosis is an invasive fungal infection, known as one of the first AIDS-defining condition and AIDS-related deaths in French Guiana.Several scientific programmes were conducted. Ranked as the main AIDS-defining condition, histoplasmosis incidence was estimated at 1.5 p100 person-years HIV-infected. The high number of incident cases was stable and the proportion of early deaths was <10%. Following a significant increase in incidence between the end of the long dry season and the beginning of the short wet season, new infection might be the main pathophysiological mechanism leading to symptomatic disease in endemic areas. Comparison of tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients found a respiratory clinical picture in a context of pronounced inflammation and, a disseminated disease along with cytopenia and liver test abnormalities in individuals with greater immunosuppression, respectively. An evaluation of galactomannan antigen detection in serum was relevant for histoplasmosis diagnosis. Reframed severity criteria and arguments for an empiric strategy using antifungal therapy were proposed.Preliminary results showed the presence (in Suriname and Guyana) and a high incidence of histoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients in Suriname. In the whole Latin American region, we estimated that AIDS-related histoplasmosis deaths were similar or greater than AIDS-related tuberculosis deaths. HIV-associated histoplasmosis is in fact neglected, largely unknown and responsible for numerous avoidable deaths in Latin America.
42

Infecções fúngicas invasivas em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Invasive fungal infections in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Silva, Marco Felipe Castro da 31 August 2015 (has links)
Introdução: As infecções são importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ). No entanto, estudos avaliando somente infecções fúngicas invasivas (IFI) em pacientes com LESJ são restritos a relatos de casos ou série de casos, sem qualquer avaliação sistemática dos possíveis fatores de risco ou desfechos associados. A escassez de dados referentes às IFI em pacientes com LESJ e seu impacto sobre as características da doença em uma grande população levou ao desenvolvimento deste estudo multicêntrico. Objetivos: Estudar a prevalência, fatores de risco e mortalidade de IFI em pacientes com LESJ. Método: Um estudo de coorte multicêntrico retrospectivo foi realizado com 852 pacientes com LESJ de 10 Serviços de Reumatologia Pediátrica do Estado de São Paulo. Uma reunião foi realizada e todos os pesquisadores foram treinados para o preenchimento do banco de dados. As IFI foram diagnosticadas de acordo com as definições revisadas pelo grupo de consenso EORTC/MSG (comprovadas, prováveis ou possíveis). Foram coletados dados acerca de dados demográficos, características clínico-laboratoriais, atividade da doença (SLEDAI-2K), dano cumulativo (SLICC/ACR-DI) e tratamento, além de características e complicações das IFI. Resultados: IFI foram diagnosticadas em 33/852 (3,9%) pacientes com LESJ. IFI comprovadas foram diagnosticadas em 22 pacientes, IFI prováveis em 5 e IFI possíveis em 6. Os tipos de IFI encontradas foram: candidíase em 20 pacientes, aspergilose em 9, criptococose em 2, histoplasmose disseminada em um e paracoccidioidomicose em um. A mediana de duração da doença foi menor (1,0 vs. 4,7 anos, p < 0,0001), com maiores escores de SLEDAI-2K atual [19,5 (0-44) vs. 2 (0-45), p < 0,0001] e dose atual de prednisona [50 (10-60) vs. 10 (2-90) mg/dia, p < 0,0001] em pacientes com IFI em comparação com os pacientes sem IFI. A frequência de óbito foi maior no grupo com IFI (51% vs. 6%, p < 0,0001). A análise de regressão logística revelou que SLEDAI-2K atual (OR=1,108, IC 95%=1,057- 1,163, p < 0,0001), dose atual de prednisona (OR=1,046, IC 95%=1,021-1,071; p < 0,0001) e duração da doença (OR=0,984, IC 95%=0,969-0,998, p=0,030) foram fatores de risco independentes para IFI (R2 Nagelkerke 0,425). Conclusão: Este foi o primeiro estudo que caracterizou IFI em pacientes com LESJ. Identificou-se que a atividade da doença e uso de glicocorticoides foram os principais fatores de risco para estas infecções potencialmente graves, principalmente nos primeiros anos de curso da doença e com uma elevada taxa mortalidade / Introduction: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhoodonset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients. However, studies evaluating solely invasive fungal infections (IFI) in cSLE patients are restricted to case reports or case series without any systematic evaluation of the possible associated risk factors and outcome in pediatric lupus population. The scarcity of data regarding IFI in cSLE patients and its impact on disease characteristics in a large population led to the development of this multicenter study. Objective: To study the prevalence, risk factors and mortality of IFI in cSLE patients. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed in 852 cSLE patients from 10 Pediatric Rheumatology services. An investigator meeting was held and all participants received database training. IFI were diagnosed according to EORTC/MSG Consensus Group criteria (proven, probable and possible). Demographic data, clinical, laboratorial, disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), cumulative damage (SLICC/ACR-DI) and treatment were collected. IFI were characterized and its outcome were also evaluated. Results: IFI were observed in 33/852 (3.9%) cSLE patients. Proven IFI was diagnosed in 22 cSLE patients, probable IFI in 5 and possible IFI in 6. Types of IFI were: 20 candidiasis, 9 aspergillosis, 2 cryptococcosis, one disseminated histoplasmosis and one paracoccidioidomycosis. The median of disease duration was lower (1.0 vs. 4.7 years, p < 0.0001), with a higher current SLEDAI-2K [19.5 (0-44) vs. 2 (0-45), p < 0.0001] and current prednisone dose [50 (10-60) vs. 10 (2-90) mg/day, p < 0.0001] in patients with IFI compared to those without IFI. The frequency of death was higher in the former group (51% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that current SLEDAI-2K (OR=1.108; 95%CI=1.057-1.163; p < 0.0001), prednisone current dose (OR=1.046; 95%CI=1.021-1.071; p < 0.0001) and disease duration (OR=0.984; 95%CI=0.969-0.998; p=0.03) were independent risk factors for IFI (R2 Nagelkerke 0.425). Conclusion: This was the first study that characterized IFI in cSLE patients. We identified that disease activity and glucocorticoid use were the main risk factors for these life-threatening infections, mainly in the first years of disease course and with a high rate of fatal outcome
43

Infecções fúngicas invasivas em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Invasive fungal infections in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Marco Felipe Castro da Silva 31 August 2015 (has links)
Introdução: As infecções são importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ). No entanto, estudos avaliando somente infecções fúngicas invasivas (IFI) em pacientes com LESJ são restritos a relatos de casos ou série de casos, sem qualquer avaliação sistemática dos possíveis fatores de risco ou desfechos associados. A escassez de dados referentes às IFI em pacientes com LESJ e seu impacto sobre as características da doença em uma grande população levou ao desenvolvimento deste estudo multicêntrico. Objetivos: Estudar a prevalência, fatores de risco e mortalidade de IFI em pacientes com LESJ. Método: Um estudo de coorte multicêntrico retrospectivo foi realizado com 852 pacientes com LESJ de 10 Serviços de Reumatologia Pediátrica do Estado de São Paulo. Uma reunião foi realizada e todos os pesquisadores foram treinados para o preenchimento do banco de dados. As IFI foram diagnosticadas de acordo com as definições revisadas pelo grupo de consenso EORTC/MSG (comprovadas, prováveis ou possíveis). Foram coletados dados acerca de dados demográficos, características clínico-laboratoriais, atividade da doença (SLEDAI-2K), dano cumulativo (SLICC/ACR-DI) e tratamento, além de características e complicações das IFI. Resultados: IFI foram diagnosticadas em 33/852 (3,9%) pacientes com LESJ. IFI comprovadas foram diagnosticadas em 22 pacientes, IFI prováveis em 5 e IFI possíveis em 6. Os tipos de IFI encontradas foram: candidíase em 20 pacientes, aspergilose em 9, criptococose em 2, histoplasmose disseminada em um e paracoccidioidomicose em um. A mediana de duração da doença foi menor (1,0 vs. 4,7 anos, p < 0,0001), com maiores escores de SLEDAI-2K atual [19,5 (0-44) vs. 2 (0-45), p < 0,0001] e dose atual de prednisona [50 (10-60) vs. 10 (2-90) mg/dia, p < 0,0001] em pacientes com IFI em comparação com os pacientes sem IFI. A frequência de óbito foi maior no grupo com IFI (51% vs. 6%, p < 0,0001). A análise de regressão logística revelou que SLEDAI-2K atual (OR=1,108, IC 95%=1,057- 1,163, p < 0,0001), dose atual de prednisona (OR=1,046, IC 95%=1,021-1,071; p < 0,0001) e duração da doença (OR=0,984, IC 95%=0,969-0,998, p=0,030) foram fatores de risco independentes para IFI (R2 Nagelkerke 0,425). Conclusão: Este foi o primeiro estudo que caracterizou IFI em pacientes com LESJ. Identificou-se que a atividade da doença e uso de glicocorticoides foram os principais fatores de risco para estas infecções potencialmente graves, principalmente nos primeiros anos de curso da doença e com uma elevada taxa mortalidade / Introduction: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhoodonset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients. However, studies evaluating solely invasive fungal infections (IFI) in cSLE patients are restricted to case reports or case series without any systematic evaluation of the possible associated risk factors and outcome in pediatric lupus population. The scarcity of data regarding IFI in cSLE patients and its impact on disease characteristics in a large population led to the development of this multicenter study. Objective: To study the prevalence, risk factors and mortality of IFI in cSLE patients. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed in 852 cSLE patients from 10 Pediatric Rheumatology services. An investigator meeting was held and all participants received database training. IFI were diagnosed according to EORTC/MSG Consensus Group criteria (proven, probable and possible). Demographic data, clinical, laboratorial, disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), cumulative damage (SLICC/ACR-DI) and treatment were collected. IFI were characterized and its outcome were also evaluated. Results: IFI were observed in 33/852 (3.9%) cSLE patients. Proven IFI was diagnosed in 22 cSLE patients, probable IFI in 5 and possible IFI in 6. Types of IFI were: 20 candidiasis, 9 aspergillosis, 2 cryptococcosis, one disseminated histoplasmosis and one paracoccidioidomycosis. The median of disease duration was lower (1.0 vs. 4.7 years, p < 0.0001), with a higher current SLEDAI-2K [19.5 (0-44) vs. 2 (0-45), p < 0.0001] and current prednisone dose [50 (10-60) vs. 10 (2-90) mg/day, p < 0.0001] in patients with IFI compared to those without IFI. The frequency of death was higher in the former group (51% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that current SLEDAI-2K (OR=1.108; 95%CI=1.057-1.163; p < 0.0001), prednisone current dose (OR=1.046; 95%CI=1.021-1.071; p < 0.0001) and disease duration (OR=0.984; 95%CI=0.969-0.998; p=0.03) were independent risk factors for IFI (R2 Nagelkerke 0.425). Conclusion: This was the first study that characterized IFI in cSLE patients. We identified that disease activity and glucocorticoid use were the main risk factors for these life-threatening infections, mainly in the first years of disease course and with a high rate of fatal outcome

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