The city of Shanghai was transformed from a treaty port of around half a million people when the British first arrived after the end of the Opium War to become the most populous, prosperous, and cosmopolitan metropolis in China by the early 20th century. The development of public transportation systems contributed significantly to the urban expansion and growth of the city, as well as in reshaping the city's identity. This dissertation examined the impact of public transportation on the urban landscape of Shanghai by focusing on three major issues: "tradition versus modernity", state and society relations, and the relationship between technology and society. As a divided city governed by three separate political jurisdictions, Shanghai offered a unique perspective in understanding the roles public transportation and urban planning played in changing a city's layout. This dissertation addressed the specific differences in the development of urban infrastructure and its impact on population growth, mobility and accessibility, and economic prosperity of the British controlled International Settlement, the French Concession, and the Chinese city. The first half of the dissertation analyzed the roles in which "traditional" man-powered vehicles such as the wheelbarrow, sedan chair, horse-drawn carriage, and rickshaw played, before delving into the arrival of "modern" machine-powered vehicles such as automobiles, trams, trolleys, and buses in the early 20th century. Each form of transportation vehicle is discussed for its specific role, and the type of clientele it catered. This dissertation argued that man-powered vehicles and machine-powered vehicles did not necessarily compete with each other for passengers, as each type of vehicle served its specific purposes and clients. Public transportation; just like food, clothing, or housing is a form of material culture where one's socioeconomic or class status is revealed by the type of transport one chooses. Because the different types of vehicles did not directly compete with each other, they all saw significant increases in ridership. The 'tradition versus modernity" theme is aimed at addressing the bigger picture of "continuity and change", where Shanghai was transformed by foreign influences yet at the same time it still retained traditional Chinese characteristics to form a complex identity. The second half of the dissertation dealt with state and society relations, and the relationship of technology and society. The issue of public versus private responsibility is addressed with historical analysis of government orchestrated urban planning and the private sector providing the services to fulfill the people's needs and demands. In focusing on these two themes, this dissertation argued that technology has inherent political agenda attached to it, as government policies specifically created areas of the city which had better public transportation infrastructure, which led to these parts of the city being more commercially prosperous and vibrant than others. Routes, lines, and stops were designated with specific political purposes in mind, and public transportation accessibility contributed to the uneven economic developments across the city. The Greater Shanghai Project of 1927-1937 was a specific attempt by the Chinese government to create a new city center that could shift the population away from the foreign concessions into the Chinese territories. This dissertation argued that this campaign would not have been feasible even without the Japanese attack due to insufficient public funds. The findings in this dissertation will hopefully add to the scholarship on the history of Shanghai and the history of technology in China.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

This diploma thesis deals with the historical development of passive optical networks, according to the standards that was defined by International Telecommunication Union (APON, BPON, GPON, XG-PON and NG-PON). Further, the thesis describes the security of passive optical networks, but also a security threats which the deployment and use of passive optical technology carry. In the introductory chapters of this thesis the passive optical networks are described. The following is a description of the standards of passive optical networks in terms of their historical development. The next part is dedicated to the security of passive optical networks and possible security threats. In conclusion a description of the practical part of this thesis is given -- rack assembly, which will serve for future testing. The basic configuration of the optical line terminations that are fitted in the rack is also described. The last part of this diploma thesis is dedicated to the testing of selected security risks, which was described in the theoretical part of this thesis.

This master thesis deals development of geographical names, cartographic symbols and on thematically maps documents changes of land use in microregion Lomnicko. Basis for its elaboration were analog and digital topographical and thematically maps from various sources and different time of periods. A part of the thesis are characteristics of used maps documents and conditions of their obtaining. Development of names and cartographic symbols is documented by tables and charts.

Legal regulation of natural persons in the General Civil Code and in the current Civil Code Abstract This dissertation thesis compares the legal regulation of natural persons in the Civil Code of Austria (ABGB) which was enacted in 1811 and the Czech Civil Code from 2012, especially the regulation of the so-called passive status of a person in the legal sense (i.e. legal personality). The authors of the new Civil Code designate as the ideological source of the recodification the draft of the Czechoslovak Civil Code from 1937, which was de facto modern revision of the ABGB, so it is important to take into account the relevant ABGB provisions when interpreting the new Civil Code. It is also important to take into account historical origins of these provisions, while also examining how their interpretation has evolved over time. Austrian legal scientists benefit from the stability of their code when applying private law and can also rely on more than two centuries of doctrinal development and extensive case law. The Czech legal community does not have this advantage, therefore the importance of historical and comparative interpretation of legal norms is increased when they apply specific provisions of the Civil Code. It is therefore necessary to perceive this dissertation thesis as a contribution to the...

This diploma thesis deals with the surveillance and private data protection. The first part brings into the focus the theoretical definition of surveillance and the areas in which it is applied. Important role in this thesis has also it's historical development. For example there will be introduced the historical resolution according to David Lyon to premodern, modern and postmodern surveillance, Michel Foucault's view on the surveillance of the state over it's citizens or society of control of Gilles Deleuze. The second part of this thesis will move to concepts as personal data and their protection. I will define what privacy and personal data means and what is it's value to each of us. This thesis will continue with current legal aspects not only in the Czech Republic but within whole European union. As the next important topic will follow the new regulation of European Union dealing with personal data, so called GDPR that comes into the force next year and it's possible benefits for contemporary situation. The result of this thesis is to provide the insight into the development of surveillance in the society and define it in the areas where it is implied but primarily find out to what extent is this surveillance entitled and where it's limits are. Another aim of this thesis is also to asses the...

Founding and Development of the Town of Jemnice; the Town's Cultural Heritage Protection PhDr. Martina Indrová THESIS ABSTRACT Jemnice, a smaller town with approximately five thousand inhabitants, lies near the border encountering of three historic lands - Bohemia, Moravia and Austria. Similar to places of this sort, this fact influenced strongly its appearance and the life within the town walls. We are poorly informed about the foundation of this town. In recent years, Jemnice however attracted the attention of experts; so the new fragments can be added to the mosaic of the town history. There were more reasons why Jemnice stayed away from the main interest of researchers. The most influencing circumstance appeared after World War II, when, for its location near the Austrian frontier, Jemnice found itself at the edge of a new border area. That fact of the matter substantially limited and delayed the town forwarding. The source basis for the history of Jemnice demands very careful and critical attitude. The so called Boček forgeries influenced expert opinions on the beginnings of the town for a long time. In 1832, the town suffered fire damage that destroyed not only many architectural monuments, but also most of old municipal books and documents. Perhaps this event made Antonín Boček to manufacture some...

This thesis is a socio-historical study which shows the correlation between the historically developed leadership culture of democracy and the leadership practice within the evangelical churches of Switzerland. After clarifying the theological understanding in the mutual relationship of leadership and culture, first the historical development of the Swiss leadership culture is described. This development is rooted in the cultural heritage of the Celts, the Romans and the Alemannen, as well as in the history of the Swiss-Confederation and the history of Christianity. In the light of this historically founded leadership culture, the study deals further with the present leadership situation of the evangelical churches. Central fundamental values of the Swiss-leadership-culture prove to be: No power to the individual, democratic right of co-determination, federalist freedom and the importance of achievement and work. The thesis concludes with an outlook on servant leadership as an up-to-date answer to the present Swiss leadership culture. / Practical Theology / MTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die tema van hierdie studie toon die kerkbegrip van Cyprianus aan as 'n spanning tussen die kerk as instituut en die kerk van die Gees. Hoofstuk een skets die invloed van Tertullianus as leermeester op Cyprianus. Tertullianus se kerkbegrip getuig self van spanning wat die produk is van 'n verandering van lidmaatskap vanaf die Katolieke kerk na die Montaniste. Tertullianus se kerkbegrip word vanuit twee perspektiewe belig. Eerstens vanuit 'n Katolieke, met 'n fokus op die fundering van die ware kerk en die mag van die kerk om sondes te kan vergewe. Tweedens vanuit 'n Montanistiese, wat die def iniering van die ware kerk en die mag van die kerk om sondes te kan vergewe eksklusief geestelik begrond. Hoofstuk twee skets die milieu waarbinne Cyprianus gearbei het. Dit sluit in 'n biografie van Cyprianus en die Afrika-religie en bevolking. Tweedens word die Europese invloed op Cyprianus se kerkbegrip aangedui. Die invloed van die Romeinse staatkundige model kan duidelik waargeneem word. Die grootste invloed was egter die Roomse kerklike model, weens die dinamika van die Roomse kerk. Hoofstuk drie skets die ekklesiologie van Cyprianus. Die spanning tussen die kerk as 'n instituut en die kerk van die Gees word aangedui deur 'n bespreking van die episkopaat; die betekenis van die biskop; Cyprianus se gesagsbegrip en sy perspektief op die primaat. Cyprianus se Bybelse verbintenis, sowel as die twee historiese lyne, naamlik die Pauliniese lyn en die Petruslyn, plaas sy uitspraak salus extra ecclesiam non est in perspektief. Cyprianus se kerkbegrip is primer 'n ekklesiologie van die Gees. In sy strewe na die eenheid van die kerk vind hy die kerk as instituut egter onontbeerlik. Spanning onstaan in sy poging om 'n sintese tussen die twee te vorm. / The theme of this study reveals the tension to be found between the church as institution and the church of the Spirit, in the ecclesiology of Cyprian. Chapter one shows the influence which Tertullian, as tutor, exerted on Cyprian. The ecclesiology of Tertullian also reveals the tension which is produced by the change of membership from Catholicism to Montanism. Tertullian's ecclesiology is highlighted from two different perspectives. Firstly from a Catholic view, with the focus on the fundamentals of the true church, and the authority and power of the church to forgive sins. Secondly, a Montanist view is proposed, which defines the true church, and the power it yields in forgiving sins, as being exclusively spiritual in nature. Chapter two describes the environment in which Cyprian worked. This includes a biography of Cyprian, as well as the African religion and people. Secondly the European influence is shown on Cyprian's ecclesiology. The influence exerted by the Roman state model is also clearly seen. The major influence though, was exercised by the Roman church model, on account of the dynamics of the Roman church. Chapter three describes Cyprian's ecclesiology. The tension between the church as institute and the church of the Spirit is revealed in a discussion on the episcopacy; the significance of the bishop; Cyprian's view on authority and his perspective on the primacy. Cyprian's biblical connection, as well as the two historical lines, namely the Pauline and Petrine lines, put his salus extra ecclesiam non est pronouncement in perspective. ecclesiology the unity of Cyprian's view is primarily that of a of the Spirit. In his striving towards the church though, he finds the church as institute to be indispensable. Tension develops in his endeavor to form a synthesis between the two. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th.

Bibliographic identification ŠATRA, Michal: The historical development of the technique of swimming styles in connection with changes in the rules [Diploma thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Department of Swimming. Supervisor: Mgr. Babeta Chrzanowská. Prague: FTVS UK, 2012. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the techniques of each individual swimming style on the basis of all available materials and to discover its connection with significant changes in the respective style's rules. The purpose of this thesis is to point out the most important changes in the rules of swimming within their historical context. A DVD which contains a practical demonstration of various swimming styles forms part of this work. Keywords Swimming, free style, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, swimming style, swimming technique, historical development, contemporary style, rules, historical photos, DVD.