An abstract is unavailable. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is an existing tool to create, manage, analyze and visualize data with a spatial component, and is used by many types of organizations in many fields. For most of the tasks and projects within these fields, a GIS provides highly accurate results. Under certain circumstances (Massive Scope, Widespread Expertise and Multivalency), a GIS fails to provide adequate results in the field of historical geography, for example. Crowdsourcing tools like Wikipedia and Open Street Map (OSM) address some of these issues, but not all, and introduce new problems. This project focuses on geographic data dealing with historical events, places and people. This project uses a wiki software package, extensions for added functionality, and customized tools to implement a scoring system to rate the accuracy of each assertion made by members of the contribution community. The scoring system addresses the ambivalence of the data created by a community.

<p> The purpose of this thesis is the reconstruction of the geography of Huronia during the first half of the 17th century. Six broad, interrelated and basically geographical themes constitute the major portion of the thesis: the delimitation of the settled area; the physical characteristics of the area in as much as they relate to the Huron occupance; population estimates for the period; settlement patterns; the subsistence economy; and the interrelated facets of politics and trade. Where necessary sociological factors were introduced to give geographical patterns greater meaning. In attempting such a reconstruction and interpretation of a past landscape some emphasis is placed on the func­tional relationships that existed between the various cultural and natural phenomena in the landscape. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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This thesis examines the historical geography of Scottish natural history societies active during the period 1831-1900. It argues that the work of the societies described and constituted an important set of relations between science and Scottish civil society that has not been investigated hitherto. The institutional practices of natural history, including fieldwork and display, involved encounters between scientific and cultural expectations which were played out in relation to different audiences and in a variety of sites and spaces. A central concern of Scottish associational naturalists was to transpose science into the language of civic pride and progress. At the same time, members of these societies were anxious to maintain epistemic credibility in relation to a scientific culture itself in flux. The task of appealing both to a local public and to a scientific constituency took different forms in different civic and scientific contexts. The thesis attempts to detail this historical geography with reference to the societies' activities of display, fieldwork, publishing and collective scientific endeavour. The work is based on assessment of primary sources, published and unpublished, and a variety of secondary material. The thesis is organised to reflect the features central to the past geographies of Scottish natural history as associational civic science. The first substantive section (Section II, Chapters 2-5) analyses the efforts of society members to persuade local publics of the relevance and the benefits of associational natural history. Fieldwork involved a series of situated negotiations and affiliations between the language and practices of leisure, aesthetic taste, moral improvement and science. Through public events and built spaces natural history was promoted as an expression of civic culture and as a set of practices capable of transforming urban society. At an individual level, supporters of civic science championed an image of the naturalist as public servant and votary of nature, an image that linked scientific conduct to civic identity. The second substantive section (Section III, Chapters 6-7) examines the influence of the meaning and methods of later-nineteenth-century science on the organisation and activities of Scottish natural history societies. Initiatives to standardise the work of local scientific societies are considered alongside the efforts of individual members to secure a scientific reputation. In addition, the changing relations between the research activities of the societies and the emergence and consolidation of scientific disciplines are investigated alongside the maintenance of an inter-disciplinary ethos. In Chapter 7, engagement with evolutionary ideas is examined, uncovering the ways in which Darwinism was deployed to reinforce, and also to modify, an inductivist view of science and to argue for the continuing relevance of associational natural history to local civil society. In conclusion, the thesis reveals the historical geography of nineteenth-century Scottish natural history to be a dynamic narrative of intellectual and institutional activity conducted in different social and scientific spaces, and it suggests that these practices of local science were an important constituent of civic society and, in part, of national natural knowledge in nineteenth-century Scotland.

王培亮. / 參考文獻 : leaves 207-213. / 論文(碩士) - 香港中文大學. / Wang Peiliang. / Lun wen (shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 行政區域─郡國與縣 --- p.12 / Chapter 第三章 --- 人口分佈與文化地理 --- p.28 / Chapter 第四章 --- 水文地理 --- p.69 / Chapter 第五章 --- 生產事業─農業、屯田、物產 --- p.83 / Chapter 第六章 --- 自然災害 --- p.131 / Chapter 第七章 --- 交通和都市 --- p.161 / Chapter 第八章 --- 張騫出使與西域開拓 --- p.187 / 結論 --- p.204 / 參考文獻 --- p.207

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2006. / Vita. Appendix: leaves 295-329. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 330-348).

In this thesis I demonstrate how the social and physical construction of spaces in Montréal‘s CBD during the Quiet Revolution marginalized working-class, inner-city manufacturing districts. To address this research question, I work across a variety of secondary sources and employ census data and reports to analyze demographic changes as well as other indices that illustrate the impact of local economic restructuring. In order to understand identity formation that is related to yet distinct from the mechanisms of capital, I examine archival documents that trace the urban growth regime’s nationalist-inflected vision of high-modernity that was inscribed onto the city’s landscape. I focus on the appropriation of landscapes in working-class Southwest Montréal. I situate these landscape transformations in a longer history of class formation in which a colonized Francophone bourgeoisie attempted to reverse its socioeconomic circumstances that were partly a consequence of the British conquest.