Neste estudo coloca-se como temática central a abordagem do processo histórico de construção das fronteiras de Goiás e Mato Grosso entre o final do século XVIII e início do XIX, com o que se busca avançar um pouco mais no entendimento das influências que a espacialidade da colonização portuguesa teve na formação do território brasileiro através. Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio concedido para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa / This work focuses the historical formation of the western Brazilian frontier in Goiás and Mato Grosso during the eighteen and early nineteen centuries as an instance of how space and space relations, as Geography conceives them, can influence and even shape a wide gamut of historical phenomena. By so doing, we hope to give a little contribution to Brazilian territory-formation Geography

This thesis examines the invention of Cyprus’ ancient history through the diaspora of Cypriot antiquities in the latter half of nineteenth century and the role of the modern museum in it (1860-1900). It maps the movement of the objects from their excavation sites, to their circulation in metropolitan museums and, finally to their display in museum galleries. In doing so this thesis explores the emergence of archaeology as a field-based discipline in the broader colonial, imperial and geopolitical context. The research of this project was conducted mainly at the Cyprus State Archives, the Greek and Roman Departmental Archives (British Museum), Dartmouth College Archives (NH). The first part of the thesis provides the theoretical framework in which this research is situated. Chapter 1 introduces the project, its research questions, its research questions and outcomes. Chapter 2 discusses the literature providing the main concepts that formed the arguments of this thesis. Chapter 3 contextualizes the diaspora of Cypriot antiquities within the broader history of archaeology and Chapter 4 overviews the methodology followed and the archival sources that were used for this project. The second part consists of my empirical work and maps the diaspora of the antiquities. It is thematically divided in three chapters. Chapter 5, Law, looks at the colonial and legal context of the excavation and exportation of the objects. Chapter 6, Excavation, discusses the every-day conduct of Cypriot archaeology in the field. Chapter 7, Circulation, examines the practices of collecting Cypriot antiquities, their exportation and circulation in metropolitan museums, and their display in museums (particularly in the British Museum). Chapter 8 brings the thesis into a conclusion and highlights the main findings and arguments of this project. The thesis explores the production, circulation and display of scientific knowledge regarding the ancient past of Cyprus by following the antiquities in their various forms (texts, impressions, photographs, objects). By following the objects’ social lives it addresses the issues of the circulation of scientific knowledge, of the criteria for asserting its authenticity and credibility and of the local/global nature of archaeological science. It will demonstrate that the methodological tenor of writing the objects’ biographies links the different scales of science’s making and illuminates its hidden stories, such as the practicalities of collecting in the field.

The idea that we can 'save energy' has become a commonplace homily. But with a moment's reflection it is clear there is nothing self-evident about saving energy. Do we save fuel or a system's ability to 'do work'? Do we conserve for perpetuity or to prolong use? Is the motivation resource economy, scarcity, productivity, or - more recently - climate change mitigation? And what stops the fruits of individual parsimony being consumed elsewhere? This thesis offers a history of the idea that we can conserve energy by using it more efficiently. In recounting this story, it is argued that conserved energy is a 'metrological resource' produced by practices of measurement, calculation, and computation. A second argument is that the history of ERC offers an under examined example of a 'resource ontology'; the social processes through which nature is imbued with utility and value. Accordingly, the study of, what is termed, energy resource conservation (ERC herein) involved a novel research method which focused upon the scientific and intellectual processes of resource making, as much as the material. This thesis begins in 1865 with the publication of William Jevons' The Coal Question (1865), in which the resource conservative principles of Classical political economy were overturned. Jevons argued that increased efficiency of coal use would serve only to increase the rate and scale with which coal was used. Proceeding from this anti-thesis, the following chapters outline how, irrespective of Jevons' claim, policies based on the principles of scientific management were applied to the conservation of fuel resources for conserving natural resources. In pre-war America, a complex system of 'pro-rationing' extraction licenses were introduced to conserve the productive capacity of petroleum wells. However, a significant shift occurred during the Cold War, as the conservation of fuel became increasingly conflated with the econometrician's notion of efficient resource allocation. But the most significant developments occurred in the nineteen-seventies, in response to a perceived crisis in energy supply. Fuel policy became a more systemic 'energy policy', which drew on scientific management, graph theory, systems theory, statistical mechanics, and computational econometrics in an attempt to quantify and demonstrate how society could act to conserve energy resources by increasing the efficiency of energy use. The resulting science, and its concomitant policies were an odd mix of cold war rational decision making theories, détente science, scientific radicalism, and liberal economic theory, all given a countercultural and environmentalist gloss in the latter half of the decade. On the basis of this conflation of ideas, a new approach to energy saving that emerged, which transformed the principles of energy resource governance, shifting the onus to conserve from producer to consumer, with distinct implications for post-war theories of political economy.

On 15 August 1947, the British government withdrew from India and partitioned the subcontinent to create two new nation-states: India and Pakistan. The Partition of India and Pakistan has been studied chiefly as a historical phenomenon with legacies that reach into the present. Questions of geography and space are crucial to this history, yet have hitherto received scant attention. This dissertation is a historical geography of Partition that probes the interplay of temporality and spatiality, and the historical and geographical layering, at work in the making of India and Pakistan. It treats Partition as both an event and a process, examining how the 1947 borders were rooted in a set of imaginative geographies and material geographical practices that were fashioned for and applied to the purpose of refashioning territory as part of a transfer of colonial power to independent postcolonial states and the making of new (national, religious) identities. The dissertation teases out the constitutive role of ideals and practices of territorial and cultural imagining, classification, mapping and boundary-making in this historical geography, but also highlights their contingent and contested qualities. It critically analyses and reframes Partition historiography using a range of theoretical literatures (especially critical geographical work on empire and strands of postcolonial and subaltern theory) that foster a sensitivity to the entanglements of power, knowledge, geography, expertise in the context of Partition, and draws on an eclectic range of primary sources, including the hitherto unused papers of the geographer Oskar Spate. Parts I and II trace strands of geographical and cartographic representations of ‘India' and ‘Pakistan' before 1947. Part III examines the geographies and spaces of the Punjab Boundary Commission of July 1947, in which Spate participated as an advisor to the Muslim League. Part IV points to the continued relevance of these geographies of Partition and their critical framing in this dissertation as lines of power.

Ce travail porte sur une région correspondant au bassin de Serrès dont on suit les limites naturelles ; le relief lui conférant une forte cohérence géographique. La délimitation chronologique tient compte des dynamiques historiques et humaines locales. Jusqu’au milieu du IVe s. av. J.-C., la région, peuplée initialement de Thraces , a reçu des apports grecs liés au mouvement de colonisation archaïque, puis à connu les impérialismes perse et athénien. Elle a alors constitué un espace morcelé par les intérêts conflictuels des différentes populations. S’ensuit une période plus unitaire, de 357 av. J.-C. à la fin de la séquence, puisque la région est d’abord incorporée au royaume de Macédoine avant d’être ensuite intégrée à l’Empire romain. L’objectif originel de la géographie historique était la localisation de toponymes. Le premier enjeu est donc d’établir un bilan de la connaissance relative à chacune de ces occupations à l’échelle locale et de tenir compte des apports récents des observations archéologiques. Cependant, l’espace antique n’est plus observé uniquement à l’échelle du site. L’archéologie du territoire et la recherche sur les paléo-environnements ont invité à une lecture scalaire plus large. Envisagés à l’échelle régionale, les sites constituent un réseau. Cela conduit non plus seulement à se demander où sont les toponymes mais aussi comment ils s’articulent, pour comprendre jusqu’à quel point elles ont pu former un ensemble régional homogène ou non, de déterminer les logiques naturelles et humaines à l’oeuvre, et de pointer les étapes qui ont jalonné cette construction. / This work concerns a region corresponding to the basin of Serres. We follow the natural limits ; the topography giving a strong geographical coherence. The chronology takes into account local historic and human dynamics. Until 357 BC, the region, populated initially of Thracians, received Greek contributions associated with the movement of archaic colonization, then is affected by the Persian and Athenian imperialisms. The basin of Serres is at that time a space split by the conflicting interests of the various populations.After 357 BC, a more unitarian period begins, because the region is incorporated at first in the Macedonian Kingdom before being integrated in Roman Empire. The first goal of historical geography was the localization of place names. The first issue, therefore, is to take stock of the knowledge of each of these settlements at the local level and to take into account recent reports of archaeological observations. However, the ancient space is no longer observed only at the site level. Landscape studies and research on palaeo-environments have invited a wider scale reading. Envisaged at regional level, the sites constitute a network. This also leads us to wonder not only where the names are but how they are articulated, in order to identify the way in which these sites have interacted, to understand if they have formed a homogeneous regional whole or not, to determine the natural and human logics at work, and to point out the stages that have marked this construction.

No description available.

No abstract provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA) / Introduction: The study attempts to explain the geographical conditions in Westminster Township. Emphasis is placed on the relationship existing between the township and the city of London, the large metropolitan centre adjacent to it. The problem is attacked from a functional point of view. The physical geography of the township is described. However, since historical forces are recognized in any study of settlement, one chapter is devoted to historical geography. The following chapters are devoted to communications and land use patterns, both rural and urban. The thesis is changing interrelationship, between the city and the township. It shows clearly that the city does not terminate at its political boundary, but encroaches upon the adjacent rural township. The result is a change in the character of the township in the shape of an "Urban Fringe" specialized agriculture and new super imposition of communications.

This thesis was presented to the Department of Geography in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts. / An abstract is not provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

<p>**book was missing pages 105-109 (the thesis contents are undisturbed although the pages are missing)</p> / <p>This is a study in intellectual history. The focus is on Carl O. Sauer (1889-1975) and Sauer's ideas. The purpose of the thesis is to account for the intellectual motivation behind the "Berkeley School of (Historical) Geography" for which Sauer was wholly responsible. Historical geography in north America virtually owes its existence to Sauer's efforts. The thesis is not an analysis of the school per se, but rather an investigation into it's origin and underlying world view.</p> <p>The stimulus behind the Berkeley School was Sauer's 1925 essay on "The Morphology of Landscape". The "morphology" had a profound impact on the discipline of geography in North America, and it carefully outlined Sauer's perspective on the field. Accordingly, the bulk of the thesis covers the period from Sauer's birth until the penning of the "morphology". The different milieux of which Sauer was a member during that period are examined to determine their respective contributions to his ideas.</p> <p>It is postulated that Sauer's conception of geography, as expressed through the methodology and epistemological framework delineated in the "morphology", was a reflection if his strong German-American upbringing in the "Missouri Rhineland". In short, it is argued that Sauer was perpetuating the Goethean conception of science he was exposed to as an undergraduate at Central Weslevan. Sauer's graduate school experiences and his early teaching position appear to have had only a passing influence on his definition of the discipline</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)