Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, 1910. / "Note on sources": p. xi-xiii.

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of California, 1910. / "Note on sources": p. xi-xiii.

During the summer of 1968 a gravity survey was conducted over the Fox* Glacier, Yukon Territory, for the purpose of finding ice depths. Choice of the Fox Glacier was as a result of its predicted surge, and the survey was part of a long-term analysis of the physical condition of the glacier. Although seismic sounding was attempted, the thinness of the glacier prevented successful results. Analysis of the gravity measurements indicated 88m as the maximum depth; comparison with depths from three drilled holes showed that the gravity results were not seriously in error. A small near-surface temperature program was completed and the results identify the Fox as a sub-polar glacier. *This is not an officially accepted name. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Arsenic Ridge is located in the northwestern part of the Lost Horses batholith, Syenite Range, Yukon Territory. This area is within the Omineca Crystalline Belt of the Canadian Cordillera. North American miogeoclinal rocks of the upper Precambrian to Lower Cambrian Grit Unit were northwardly thrust onto Ordovician to Silurian Road River Formation during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic arc-continent collision. Small mid-Cretaceous (83 to 100 Ma, K-Ar on biotite), epizonal felsic intrusions were emplaced in radiogenic Sr-enriched metasedimentary rocks of the ancient continental margin (pericratonic sedimentary prism). The mid-Cretaceous (syenite phase, 87+3 Ma, K-Ar on biotite; granite phase, 95+3 Ma, K-Ar on biotite) Lost Horses batholith is a circular, S-type, composite pluton within the Selwyn Basin. The Selwyn Basin is an epicontinental trough partially bounded on the west by the Cassiar Platform and on the east and northeast by carbonate rocks of the MacKenzie Platform. S-type plutons are a product of Hercynotype arc-continental collisional tectonics. The zoned intrusive rocks along Arsenic Ridge, from core to rim, have been classified as tourmaline orbicular granite, granite, quartz syenite and syenite. With increasing SiO₂ : (1) the major elements--Al₂O₃ , FeO, MgO, CaO, TiO₂, MnO and P₂O₅--tend to decrease,(2) trace elements--Zr, V, Sr, Ni, and Ba--are characterized by extreme depletions, and (3) the trace element, Rb, is slightly enriched. The syenite is alkaline whereas the quartz syenite, granite, granite dyke, and tourmaline orbicular granite are sub-alkaline. Magmatic differentiation of the pluton is demonstrated by a decreasing trend of (Na₂O + K₂O) and TiO₂ with increasing SiO₂, and by an increasing Rb content with a decrease in Ba and Sr. The estimated partial pressure of water during formation of the Lost Horses granite melt is broadly estimated as >10 kbar. Electron microprobe traverses across orthoclase megacryst cores and rims identified a concentration of albite lamellae in the rim and barium, strontium and calcite rich cores. The latter is indicative of a melt undergoing progressive depletion of barium by fractional crystallization. The age of the batholith is early Late Cretaceous, approximately 97 Ma. This was determined from early Late Cretaceous dates of 95+3 Ma from K-Ar on biotite and 88+4 Ma from K-Ar on a hornblende, and a late Early Cretaceous date of 101+6 Ma from a whole rock-mineral (biotite, hornblende, total feldspar) Rb-Sr isochron. Initial strontium ratios for the granitic rocks along Arsenic Ridge are about 0.712 suggesting that radiogenic strontium was derived mainly from melting and/or assimilation of old sialic crust during magma genesis. The model Rb-Sr age, TUR, for the granitic rocks on Arsenic Ridge is 238 Ma. This indicates that a dominantly upper mantle source is unlikely. Pb-Pb isotope ratios for the zoned plutonic rocks, the surrounding sediments and the ore mineral separates plot between the pericratonic and Bluebell curves (from 0 Ma to 140 Ma mixing lines) indicating that the lead is a mix of upper crust and lower crust sources. Lead sulphide analyses from the Zeta prospect, Tombstone Range and the Keno-Galena Hill areas are indistinguishable from the feldspar rock lead. This shows that the lead source for these vein deposits is the surrounding plutons and not the surrounding sedimentary rocks. The least radiogenic lead has a model age of about 100 Ma. Nd/Sm and Nd analyses indicate that Arsenic Ridge granitic rocks were derived from, or assimilated, old crustal rocks whose Sm/Nd had been lowered at the time of separation from CHUR. Nd ratios for the granite and the feldspar megacrysts are all very close to 0.51210. The model Sm-Nd age, TDM , for a granite along Arsenic Ridge is 1.26 Ga. Approximate percentages of continental crust and mantle incorporated in the melt were calculated. If the contamination is upper crustal in origin then there was a maximum of 30% mantle incorporated in the melt. No mantle component is needed if the contamination source is lower crust. However, since granite ¹⁴³Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios are close to the average continental crust ratio, the origin is upper crust with a small mantle component. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for the granitic rocks from the Lost Horses batholith plot in the Phanerozoic quadrant of Faure (1986) and are similar to values from the Sierra Nevada batholith. Epsilon values of Nd and Sr suggest the granite is S-type which agrees with the field, petrographic and chemical evidence. The granite plots within the field for miogeoclines as determined by Farmer and DePaolo (1983 ). The Zeta tin - silver greisen vein prospects lie in both the Ordovician - Silurian metasediments of the Road River Group at the northeastern contact, and in the zoned, mid-Cretaceous Lost Horses batholith. Mineralization on the property occurs in two forms: (1) cassiterite bearing greisen veins in hornfelsed quartzite, and (2) greisen veins (sulphide and quartz with minor tourmaline, and tourmaline and quartz with minor sulphide in granitic rocks). K-Ar muscovite dating of the sericitic cassiterite greisen (87.0+3.0 Ma), indistinguishable from the K-Ar biotite date for the syenite phase of the batholith (86.8+2.7 Ma), establishes a genetic relationship between the two. The following four-stage model describes the evolution of the Lost Horses batholith: stage 1, initial melting, stage II, melt accumulations and assimilation, stage III, diapiric rise and chemical differentiation (fractional crystallization), and stage IV, magmatic hydrothermal. This last stage generated tin-silver vein and greisen mineralization. The source for this lithophile mineralization and associated S-type granitic rock is dominantly from a sialic clastic wedge with upper crustal geochemical characteristics. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Casino porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit ia in the Dawson Range, midway between Dawson City and Whitehorse, Y.T. Mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Klotassin batholith form the backbone of the Dawson Range and have intruded the Yukon Hetamorphic Complex of Paleozoic or earlier age. A 70 m.y. old volcanic unit, the Casino complex, intruded the Klotassin batholith, and is cogenetic with Casino deposit. Hear the deposit extrusive volcanic rocks are unknown but formation of a subvolcanic plug of feldspar porphyry was followed by an explosive event that formed a steeply plunging, conical breccia pipe. This permeable pipe, about 2,000 ft. (670m.) by 1,200 ft. (400m.) at the surface localized hydrothermal fluids that formed large concentrically zoned alteration patterns during upward and outward percolation. A potassic alteration facies core, about 1,500 ft. (500m.) in diameter, is centered approximately on the breccia pipe, and is characterized by secondary magnetite, biotite and potassium feldspar. This core is surrounded by phyllic (quartz, sericite, sulphide) alteration that extends about 1,000 ft. (330m.) into adjacent rocks of the Klotassin batholith. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite are concentrated in the phyllic zone along the potassic alteration side of a pyrite halo. Peripheral, weakly developed zones of argillic (clay-carbonate minerals) and propylitic (chlorite) alterations are present. This characteristic location of economically significant minerals within a zonal distribution of alteration minerals provides an important exploration guide for porphyry-type deposits in the area. Breccia formation and hydrotherrnal zoning appear interrelated and probably result from escape of metal-bearing saline solutions from "wet" magmas derived from an underlying Benioff zone associated with subduction of an oceanic plate. Supergene enrichment, preserved because the area is unglaciated, probably occurred mainly in the Paleogene and resulted in an increase in the grade of copper by an average factor of 1.7 through precipitation of chalcocite in a subhorizontal enriched zone. Copper added to this zone was extracted from up to 500 ft. (l70a.) of overlying capping rock. Controls for enrichment processes include grade of original hypogene copper, favourable breccia occurrence and alteration, and presence of pyrite. A plate-tectonic model relates the genesis of Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary porphyry-type deposits to the evolution of the western and central Canadian Cordillera. Existence of two Benioff zones is assumed from definition of two distinct younging trends of intrusive centres. The first Benioff zone, initiated west of the Queen Charlotte Islands near the Middle Triassic, continued activity until the early Tertiary when 50 m.y. old granitic rocks and associated porphyry deposits near the eastern boundary of the Coast Crystalline Belt were formed. The second Benioff zone, initiated near the earliest-Cretaceous, extended under the western margin of the North America plate and produced stocks and associated porphyry deposits that become younger from west to east across the Intennontane Belt. Intrusive activity associated with both Benioff zones ceased at about the same time, 50 m.y. ago, implying that they became imbricated. As a result, the North America plate overrode the Insular plate. Doubling of these plates is reflected in the late Mesozoic and Tertiary uplift and erosion of the Coast Crystalline Belt. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Cette thèse questionne les Pôles de compétitivité, forme française de regroupements d’entreprises, lesquels sont considérés comme nécessaires pour favoriser l’innovation et la compétitivité des territoires et des entreprises (Silicon Valley, Sophia antipolis en sont les exemples les plus connus). Cependant à travers l’exemple Pôle Mer PACA, il semble que les acteurs se murent dans un présent perpétuel visible par la fédération autour de projets ponctuels sans forte pérennité ou capacité de fédération. Les dimensions formalisation de projet commun et inscription dans le territoire disparaissent au profit de la capacité opérationnelle du réseau.Notre problématique porte donc sur le sens de ces organisations avec une approche communicationnelle : l’organisation d’un pôle de compétitivité ne confère-t-elle pas une signification au territoire différente de celle que lui propose sa communication ? L’utilisation du terme « compétitivité » ne reflète-t-elle pas une certaine vision du monde qui se donne à voir et propose d’être réalisée ? Dans ce cadre précis, de quelle façon le patrimoine d’un territoire peut renforcer sa communication ? / This thesis questions the Poles of competitiveness, French shape of clusters of companies, which are considered as necessary to favor the innovation and the competitiveness of both territories and companies (Silicon Valley, Sophia Antiplois are the most known examples). However, through the example Pole Sea PACA, it seems that the actors moved in a perpetual present which has been brought to light by the federation around punctual projects without strong sustainability or capacity of federation. Both the dimensions of formalization of common project and of inscription in the territory disappear for the benefit of the operational capacity of the network.Our problem thus concerns the sense of these organizations with a communicational approach: the organization of a pole of competitiveness confers a distinctive signification, different than the one brought by its communication? The use of the term “competitiveness” does it reflect a certain vision of the world which shows and attempts to be realized? In this precise frame, how the patrimony of a territory can strengthen its communication?

defend feeding territories, and that the spatinl distribution of 'patches' of earthworms (their major prey) determines the size of badger territories. Such a food-based model has been widely accepted, but has a number of equivocal assumptions which are discussed. Recently Roper, Shepherdson & Davies (1986) proposed an alternative model of territorial organisation, based on the seasonal pattern of territory marking with faeces and anal gland secretion, which suggested that territoriality in badgers may be more related to defence of oestrus females by resident males than to defence of food resources. This hypothesis relies on an un-quantified correlation between seasonal patterns of territory marking, mating and road mortality. Here, I attempt to test the strength of the association between these distributions and to test predictions about the relative contribution of the two sexes to territorial defence. To do this I present further data on the deposition of faeces and anal secretion at latrines, together with new data on the seasonality of road mortality and bite-wounding in badgers. In addition, I report the results of experiments in which latrines were continually monitored in an attempt to assess the relative contribution of the two sexes to territory marking and patrolling. Finally, I report the results of a chemical investigation (using gas chromatography) of the scent profile of anal gland secretion. My results confirm the bimodal seasonal pattern of deposition of faeces and anal secretion at latrines, but whilst the two distributions were similar, there were differences which suggested that the two territorial markers may have different functions. The seasonal pattern of deposition of anal secretion showed essentially the same distribution as data on mating, testis weight, bite wounding and road mortality and I concluded that my results were consistent with the anti-kleptogamy hypothesis. However, the seasonal pattern of deposition of faeces at latrines could more easily be explained by seasonal changes in food availability. My results showed that the incidence of bite wounding and of patrolling at latrines, was higher in males than females, which is consistent with predictions derived from the anti-kleptogamy model, but not with food-based models which predict territory defence to be shared equally amongst group members. Finally, chemical analysis of anal secretion revealed that whilst it probably did not signal the sex or identity of it's producer it may carry information about group membership. In addition, the secretion was found to be of low volatility and composed of long-chain fatty acids some fifteen of which were identified. These results are consistent with the idea that anal secretion acts as a long-term territory marker. In conclusion I suggest that my results for the deposition of anal gland secretion at latrines are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Roper et al., (1986) that territoriality in badgers may at least be partly linked to the defence of oestrus females by resident males. By contrast seasonal variation in defecation at latrines may at least be partly explained by seasonal changes in food availability. Given that food and mates are the most important resources for the survival of an animal, in the short-term and long-term respectively, it is likely that models of the territorial spacing pattern of badgers would have to take both resources into account.

No description available.

Traditional theories of domestic distributive justice take two claims for granted. (1) State territorial borders place legitimate limits on the scope of obligations of distributive justice, i.e., there is an obligation to distribute goods within our territory but not beyond our territory. (2) States have a need for and a legitimate claim to exclusive territorial jurisdiction. Given increasing globalization and the recent prominence of international theories of distributive justice, it is now obvious that these two claims cannot be taken for granted. Theories of distributive justice must explain how and why state borders affect distributive obligations.In this dissertation I argue that state borders serve fundamental values in a liberal theory of justice. As such, state borders are morally relevant to a theory of justice. I argue for a Lockean theory of territory; state territory is justified because it serves four fundamental Lockean values of need, efficiency, the labor theory of desert, and self-determination. State borders mark the boundaries of a state's autonomous territory. State territory, and the borders that mark the boundaries of that territory, are valuable in a liberal theory of justice. This conclusion has implications for the answer to the question: what is owed to foreigners? The fundamental values served by the state's right to territory also support the state's right to control the natural resources within its territory and the state's right to control benefits that flow from the resources within the territory. This means that the state has a right to distribute the benefits from the resources within its territory and (to some degree) to exclude foreigners from these benefits.