This thesis is the first study to examine Canadian and Italian interactions in Ortona from December 1943 until April 1944. The Canadian presence in Ortona is not remembered by the people of the town simply in the context of military operations. As the Canadians occupied Ortona and the surrounding areas for four months, interactions occurred within the context of combat operations, periods of relaxation, and throughout the process of rebuilding infrastructure and developing an economy. Canadian military historians have largely neglected to provide accounts of the various engagements between Canadian soldiers and Italian civilians before, during, and after the Battle of Ortona, unless they affected operations, intelligence, and civil control. The result of these civil-military relationships provided numerous benefits to Canadian and Italian alike. Italians provided Canadian soldiers with intelligence, shelter, food, and psychological support. In turn, the Canadians provided the Italians with medical assistance, food, financial support, and technical support in the rebuilding of Ortona. The interactions promoted Canadians as separate from the other Allied forces in the region and created unique friendships that defined the liberator and the liberated through their mutual dependencies. As historians have focused entirely on the unfolding of military operations in the region of Ortona, this thesis argues that the value of the interactions and the reconstruction process help explain why most Ortonesi developed a positive collective memory of Canadian soldiers.

This study examines men who volunteered for active service during the Great War but were rejected as "unfit." In doing so, it explores the following issues: (1) the mechanisms by which the Canadian military adjudged an individual unfit to serve; (2) the difficulties faced by medical authorities when attempting to adjudge an individual's suitability for service; (3) how the military's construction of what characterised (un)fitness for service evolved during the Great War and what caused this evolution; (4) the clashing concepts of military fitness held by the Canadian military authorities, Canadian medical professionals, and lay people; (5) the implications of being labelled unfit for rejected volunteers and how these men reacted to being so labelled; and (6) how some individuals used claims of medical unfitness as a means to resist enlistment pressures or counter family members' attempts to enlist. This exploration highlights a group of individuals who have been overlooked in Canada's Great War historiography: rejected volunteers. It offers a new vantage point from which Great War historians might survey and reconceptualise a number of ongoing areas of research which include, but are not limited to, recruiting; manpower mobilisation; the growth of the post-war veterans' rights movement; civil-military and periphery-centre relations; agency and resistance; and how the war impacted on, and was understood by, Canada's civilian population. Furthermore, it examines the factors that informed early-twentieth-century Canadians' perceptions of disability, and, more broadly, what constituted disability. This study is founded on a research infrastructure of three interrelated databases. These databases contain information drawn from the attestation papers, service files, and, in some cases, personal correspondence, of 3,400 rejected volunteers. 3,050 of these men were rejected at Valcartier Camp in August-September, 1914, and represent 60 per cent of the total number of men---5,081---rejected at Valcartier during the formation of the First Contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The remaining 350 individuals were discharged as medically unfit to serve in England in 1916. The information contained in these databases enabled the description of physical and social characteristics of these men, as well as a close analyse of their reasons for rejection. In addition, they also allowed the tracing of multiple enlistment attempts; the examination of individual medical examiners' views regarding certain impairments; and the creation of personal histories---some extending well beyond 1918---for a number of these individuals.

A study of the history of Germany as a militaristic country.

No description available.

In the early twentieth century, reformers within the U.S. War Department attempted to create a more robust and formalized reserve system to augment the regular army. While many regular officers advocated a federalized reserve, they were opposed by members of the National Guard Association, who insisted that state troops remain the nation’s second line of defense. In 1903, Congress passed the Dick Act, which stipulated that militia and National Guard units would continue to serve as the primary reserve to the regular army. To ensure Guardsmen were up to the task, Congress also required that state units conform to the regular army’s organization, armament, and discipline. This thesis examines the changes facilitated by the Dick Act within Pennsylvania’s National Guard, by focusing specifically on a single unit- the 1st Regiment of Infantry. It begins by exploring failed efforts by federal and state officials to change the 1st Regiment by 1908. It then examines the effects of increased federal funding and oversight on the regiment after 1908, and how these factors led to changes in the way the unit trained. Annual reports from the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania and the Chief of the Division of Militia Affairs provided the majority of the information for this thesis. Contemporary periodicals and documents maintained in the First Regiment Infantry Museum also helped to shed light on the activities of the 1st Regiment between 1903 and 1912. This thesis concludes that by 1912 the 1st Regiment achieved relative parity with the regulars in terms of organization and equipment, the type of field training it conducted, and the type of training its officers attended. / History

伍德昌. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部,1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 89-101. / Wu Dechang. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 / Chapter (1) --- 前人論點的反思 --- p.1 / Chapter (2) --- 問題的提出 --- p.5 / Chapter (3) --- 研究方向的設定 --- p.7 / 註釋 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 國家建構與清末的軍事發展 --- p.18 / Chapter (1) --- 何謂國家 --- p.18 / Chapter (2) --- 清末的國家建構 --- p.19 / Chapter (3) --- 軍事制度的建設 --- p.20 / Chapter (4) --- 後備軍事力量的建立 --- p.24 / Chapter (5) --- 清末軍事改革的局限 --- p.27 / Chapter (6) --- 小結 --- p.28 / 註釋 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 豫西南的地理和社會狀況 --- p.32 / Chapter (1 ) --- 研究範圍一一豫西南 --- p.32 / Chapter (2) --- 地理環境 --- p.34 / Chapter (3 ) --- 交通運输 --- p.34 / Chapter (4) --- 經濟狀況 --- p.36 / Chapter (5) --- 社會狀況 --- p.38 / Chapter (6) --- 盜匪、暴力與社會 --- p.44 / Chapter (7) --- 註釋 --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 辛亥革命前後河南的陸軍、革命派和盜匪 --- p.50 / Chapter (1 ) --- 辛亥革命前的軍事部署 --- p.50 / Chapter (2) --- 同盟會與盜匪 --- p.54 / Chapter (3 ) --- 辛亥革命在河南 --- p.58 / Chapter (4) --- 盜匪與革命軍的關係 --- p.59 / Chapter (5) --- 小結 --- p.62 / 註釋 --- p.63 / Chapter 第五章 --- 民初豫西南的軍事發展 --- p.68 / Chapter (1) --- 民初河南的軍事控制和兵匪結合 --- p.68 / Chapter (2) --- 民初軍隊與盜匪的關係 --- p.72 / Chapter (3) --- 軍隊與白朗起義 --- p.74 / Chapter (4) --- 小結 --- p.81 / 註釋 --- p.81 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.81 / 註釋 --- p.87 / 參考資料 --- p.89

This thesis is an exercise in military history and takes the form of an investigation into a notable late-nineteenth century blunder; the British Army’s failure to relieve Gordon at Khartoum. It seeks to lay bare operational realities which to date have been obfuscated by substantially successful acts of scapegoating and cover-up. Although political procrastination in Whitehall did not abate until August, the thesis contends that a timely operation of war would still have been possible, if only General Lord Wolseley had recognized that the campaign plan he had designed in April might not, some four months later, be fit for purpose. It proceeds to demonstrate that given revised constraints on time, a full-length Nile Expedition was no longer tenable. Alternative courses of action are also tested. Popular myth would have it that the relief expedition arrived at Khartoum only two days too late. The thesis contends that this is a contrivance propagated by Wolseley out of selfishly motivated concern for his place in history. Wolseley explained away the purportedly critical 48-hours by asserting that Colonel Sir Charles Wilson had unnecessarily stalled the campaign for two days. It was inferred that Wilson was professionally inept, lost his nerve and did not press far enough upriver to be certain that Khartoum had fallen. The thesis traces the course of the ‘Wilson Controversy’, analyses ‘Campaign Design’ and ‘Campaign Management’ in order to identify how and why the relief expedition went awry, and culminates in a closely reasoned adjudication on the validity of the allegations levelled against Wilson. The thesis concludes that the true extent of the British failure was in the order of 60 days; that the failure occurred at the operational level of war, not the tactical; and that accordingly culpability should properly be attributed to Wolseley.

<p> The last four decades of research regarding the late prehistoric American Southwest has produced abundant evidence for violence, warfare and cannibalism among the Ancestral Puebloan peoples. Most archaeologists attribute this rise in violence and subsequent abandonment of the Four Corners region to degrading environmental conditions. While ecological factors surely contributed, it is hard to accept that this alone led to the extreme mutilation of hundreds of human remains found throughout the Pueblo territory. It is proposed that increasing social complexity along with new ritual practices resulted in intense and violent attacks throughout the Pueblo expanse.</p>

<p> This dissertation addresses how Victorian class hierarchy persisted on the frontier, and manifested in aspects of military life at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. Historians have argued that Victorian culture was omnipresent, but forts were located on the frontier, which was removed from the cultural core. While social status differences were a central aspect of Victorian culture, few studies have investigated how resilient class divisions were in differing landscapes. The U.S. western frontier was a landscape of conflict, and under the continual stress of potential violence, it is possible that Victorian social status differences weakened. While status differences in the military were primarily signaled through rank insignia and uniforms, this research focuses on subtle everyday inequalities, such as diet and pet dogs. Three independent lines of evidence from Fort Laramie, Wyoming (1849&ndash;1890) suggest that Victorian social status differences did persist despite the location. The Rustic Hotel (1876&ndash;1890), a private hotel at Fort Laramie, served standardized Victorian hotel dishes, which could be found in urban upper-class hotels. Within the military, the upper-class officers dined on the best cuts of beef, hunted prestige game birds, and supplemented their diet with sauger/walleye fish. Enlisted men consumed poorer cuts of beef, hunted smaller game mammals, and caught catfish. Officers also owned well-bred hunting dogs, which were integrated into the family. In contrast, a company of enlisted men frequently adopted a communal mongrel as a pet. This project increases our knowledge of the everyday life on the frontier and social relationships between officers and enlisted men in the U.S. Army. It also contributes to a larger understanding of Victorian culture class differences in frontier regions.</p>

段穎. / "2004年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (leaves 198-206). / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 7 yue". / Duan Ying. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 198-206). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 引論 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 東南亞華人研究文獻回顧：以泰國華人為專題 --- p.4 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究問題與理論框架 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 田野點的選擇及研究方法 --- p.22 / Chapter 五、 --- 論文的敍述結構 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二章 --- 第一代：逃離與生存 --- p.31 / Chapter 一、 --- 中國解放，退入緬甸 --- p.32 / Chapter 二、 --- 緬甸控訴，被迫撤臺 --- p.37 / Chapter 三、 --- 武裝販毒，建村自治 --- p.41 / Chapter 四、 --- 清剿泰共，解甲歸田 --- p.43 / Chapter 五、 --- 去國還ˇёإ，安享晚年 --- p.48 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.52 / Chapter 第三章 --- 第二代：定居與發展 --- p.56 / Chapter 一、 --- 奔波泰緬，借土養命 --- p.58 / Chapter 二、 --- 救總援助，發展農業 --- p.62 / Chapter 三、 --- 土產加工，多種經營 --- p.67 / Chapter 四、 --- 外出就業，赴臺求學 --- p.73 / Chapter 五、 --- 歷史困擾，毒品問題 --- p.78 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.80 / Chapter 第四章 --- 第三代：留守與出走 --- p.86 / Chapter 一、 --- 生長於斯，泰華教育 --- p.87 / Chapter 二、 --- 大陸/臺灣，想像家園 --- p.94 / Chapter 三、 --- 泰中翻譯，市場需求 --- p.100 / Chapter 四、 --- 城鄉差別，人口遷移 --- p.108 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.112 / Chapter 第五章 --- 自治會與村委會：社會衝突與認同轉變 --- p.117 / Chapter 一、 --- 軍隊傳統，威權統治 --- p.117 / Chapter 二、 --- 村長-會長權益衝突 --- p.122 / Chapter 三、 --- 國家介入，社會轉型 --- p.126 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.130 / Chapter 第六章 --- 生命禮儀：婚喪、歲時中的族群認同 --- p.134 / Chapter 一、 --- 中式婚禮：傳統與現代的交織 --- p.134 / Chapter 二、 --- 傳統葬禮：以孝爲本，重義輕利 --- p.139 / Chapter 三、 --- 中泰結合之葬禮：超度亡靈，造福子孫 --- p.144 / Chapter 四、 --- 歲時與節氣：文化傳統，代代相傳 --- p.147 / Chapter 五、 --- 觀音會：吃齋祈福，保佑平安 --- p.152 / Chapter 六、 --- 關帝誕辰暨火把節：村寨清吉，招財進寳 --- p.154 / Chapter 七、 --- 中元節：迎亡送亡，祖靈庇佑 --- p.158 / Chapter 八、 --- 泰皇后華誕：入郷隨俗，普天同慶 --- p.160 / Chapter 九、 --- 小結 --- p.162 / Chapter 第七章 --- 華文學校：象徵與希望 --- p.169 / Chapter 一、 --- 軍隊辦學，堅持不懈 --- p.169 / Chapter 二、 --- 學校運作，師資經費 --- p.173 / Chapter 三、 --- 教學困境，力求改革 --- p.177 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.180 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 --- p.183 / 參考文獻 --- p.197