Until recently, Taiwan elementary mathematics curriculum has been changing for several times. The aim of this study is to refer to various curriculum reforms, and focus on the way ¡§Number and Calculation Standards¡¨ changed in the history of reforms. The specific objectives of this study: to refer to one curriculum standards and its subsequent standards and do pair wise comparison. To achieve the above objectives, the investigator referred to 7 target versions of mathematics curriculum standards: 41, 51, 57, 64, 82, 89, 92 (R.O.C year). The comparison was done qualitatively, using historical research methodology. The main research findings are the differences in the above 6 pair wise comparisons. 1. The change from Year 41 to Year 51: In the Year 51, the part on Writing numbers in Chinese characters was de-emphasized. Emphasis was on Ordinal numbers, division thinking, mental arithmetic and written algorithm. The size of numbers reduced to 4-digits (due to a change in currency, 4 dollars to 1 New Taiwan dollar). 2. The change from Year 51 to 57: more focus on symbols, did not require the revision on what was learned in previous year. 3. The change from Year 57 to 64: de-emphasized on mental arithmetic and written calculation; emphasized on Inverses, multiplication/division on ¡§0¡¦ and ¡§1¡¨, ratio, approximation, negative numbers and use of electronic calculators. 4. The change from Year 64 to 82: no need to include negative numbers and abacus. Emphasized on two-step problems, number line, and reading multiplication tables. 5. The change from Year 82 to 89: de-emphasis on odd and even numbers; emphasis on realistic contexts, understanding vertical algorithm. 6. The change from Year 89 to 91: no need to use calculators to check working; emphasis on vertical algorithm, whole number calculations, and the connections of multiples/factors, rate/speed, and, fractions/decimals.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 127, [8] p. Includes bibliographical references.

<p> The project director serves as the director of operations for the New Breed Church Planting Network (NBCPN). A necessity for developing a reproducible disciple-making strategy for the church planters of NBCPN existed. The project exists to develop a reproducible disciple-making practicum to meet the needs of NBCPN.</p><p> Within the first chapter, the project director explored the ministry project proposal and purpose. Listing main objectives, limitations, assumptions, term definitions, and a detailed project rationale explain the project process. The project director researched four North American church planting organizations to assess the respective utilization of disciple-making processes, while providing an explanation for NBCPN&rsquo;s need for a reproducible strategy.</p><p> Within the second chapter, the project director examined two separate passages of scripture. The texts of Matt 28:18&ndash;20 and Acts 1:8 (ESV) became the foundational basis upon which the project director analyzed and made reproducible disciple-making conclusions. Chapter two consists of exegesis, exposition, and application of the chosen texts and explained the biblical and theological foundation of the ministry project.</p><p> Within chapter three, the project director provided research for the ministry foundations aspect of the project. The project director identified and explored past and present ecclesiological disciple-making procedures. The project director&rsquo;s goal for chapter three provided information concerning the development of historical and 11 contemporary reproducible disciple-making, as well as, examining theoretical and application models.</p><p> Within chapter four, the project director described the development of the ministry project. The chapter focused on the project director&rsquo;s seven-practicum reproducible disciple-making strategy for the church planters of NBCPN. The project director&rsquo;s compiling of information regarding the utilization of an expert panel, incorporated Great Commission components, integrated research of chapters two and three, and implemented expectation, completed the chapter. </p><p> In chapter five, the project director documented an overall summation of the ministry project. The director examined the evaluation of the project process, analysis of the findings, and an overview of the lessons learned. The strengths, weaknesses, and personal reflection of the ministry project offered descriptive insight to the project director and for reader clarity. </p><p>

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-09-12T19:34:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Nathalia Fernandes.pdf: 10653580 bytes, checksum: fcd03f76ca9c4ed89f3abd499096ef3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T19:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Nathalia Fernandes.pdf: 10653580 bytes, checksum: fcd03f76ca9c4ed89f3abd499096ef3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Esse trabalho investiga contextos, sujeitos e conteúdos que informaram o processo de elaboração da Proposta Curricular de História e Geografia para o 2º Grau em fins da década de 1970 e início dos anos 1980, no Estado de São Paulo. Esta proposta possui uma importância singular, pois representou o retorno do ensino de História da América ao denominado 2º Grau do ensino paulista, coincidindo cronologicamente com o período da Ditadura Civil-Militar no Brasil. Por que a História da América retorna ao currículo escolar como um conteúdo em destaque? Por que naquele momento histórico? Quem foram os agentes históricos responsáveis por essa formulação? Quais os propósitos que mobilizaram esses agentes a buscarem essa reinserção? Que ideais representavam? Que História da América foi proposta ao professor e ao público escolar? Qual foi o impacto desta proposta na produção didática na época? Essas são algumas das questões que este trabalho busca responder. Para isso, nos utilizamos de documentos curriculares oficiais do Estado de São Paulo, que incluem a Coletânea de Documentos de História da América para o 2º grau – 1ª série, de 1983, entrevistas com intelectuais que influenciaram os estudos de História da América no estado ou que participaram da elaboração curricular, além de livros didáticos produzidos na mesma época e que trazem o mesmo tema. Os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos que dão base à pesquisa incluem a História das Disciplinas Escolares, a História do Currículo e a História do Livro Didático. / This work investigates contexts, subjects and contents which informed the process of elaboration of the Proposta Curricular de História e Geografia para o 2º Grau at the end of the 1970’s and the beginning of the 1980’s, in the State of São Paulo. This proposal has a singular importance, since it represents the return of the teaching of the History of America to the 2º grau, which chronologically coincides with the period of the Civil-Military Dictatorship in Brazil. Why does the History of America return to the curriculum as a highlighted content? Why does it happen in that moment in History? Who were the responsible historical agents for this formulation? Which are the intents that mobilized these agents to seek this reinsertion? Which ideas did they represent? Which History of America was proposed to the teacher and the school public? What was the impact of this proposal on the didactic production of the time? These are a few questions that this work tries to answer. In order to do that, we used official curricular documents of the State of São Paulo, which include the Coletânea de Documentos de História da América para o 2º grau – 1ª série, 1983, interviews with intellectuals who influenced the field of studies of the History of America or who were part of the elaboration of the curricular proposal, besides textbooks which were produced at the same time and have the same theme. The theoretical and methodological references which support the study are the History of Academic Disciplines, History of the Curriculum and History of Textbooks.

The purpose of this paper is to compare curriculum documents for K-12 education from the state of North Carolina from two time periods, 1920s and 2003. The historical development of the mathematics curriculum in North Carolina provides a snapshot of the shifts in mathematics teaching and learning. North Carolina, a state in the southeast of the United States, has had a statewide standard course over a period spanning more than eighty years. A document analysis of printed curriculum standards from allows a description of the mathematics concepts and tasks that were expected of students in those years. The analysis revealed stark contrasts in the focus of mathematics from a very computational emphasis to one of problem solving. The analysis also highlighted the understanding of algebraic concepts and ideas as an essential outcome of current mathematics programs.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-12-09T11:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Gisane Fagundes Rodrigues.pdf: 1625838 bytes, checksum: 46e6d0df4dd437a87170b81f9ceee8ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-02-02T18:17:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Gisane Fagundes Rodrigues.pdf: 1625838 bytes, checksum: 46e6d0df4dd437a87170b81f9ceee8ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T18:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Gisane Fagundes Rodrigues.pdf: 1625838 bytes, checksum: 46e6d0df4dd437a87170b81f9ceee8ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aimed to analyze the history of mathematics as a discipline and its importance in training mathematics professors at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB) located in Campina Grande and the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), in João Pessoa. The qualitative research, since it seeks the gist of the phenomenon investigated in all its dimensions and processes, is supported by bibliographical and documentary study. Given the importance of mathematics in teaching practice as the main component for initial teacher´s education, it takes for examination the following documents: the National Curriculum Guidelines, which establish the rules for the creation of the Educational Project Course and in particular cases a Plan Course provided by the lecturer professor of the discipline the history of mathematics. Therefore, the guidelines of the discipline was analyzed in details, but it also caused us to identify in practice the design of teacher educators and students in training on the History of Mathematics discipline and, above all, the importance of the history of mathematics in the development of teachers training. The paper interviewed four teachers and three students of the quoted institutions. From the analysis of interviews, we built two categories that emerged from the conversations: The history of mathematics as a contribution to the training of teachers and the importance of mathematics in history for teacher training. We understand that the discipline is important for the essentiality of bringing the light of the classroom discussions knowledge about what is mathematics from a historical point of view and how it was developed throughout time. The major evidences after the analysis of documents and interviews was the difference between the proposal of the written curriculum and the one implemented in the classroom by teachers, indicating that there is an attempt of students training to work in their future activities practices in which they are linked to the history of mathematics. / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar a disciplina de História da Matemática e sua importância na formação do professor de matemática na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) e no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) todos na cidade de Campina Grande e na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), em João Pessoa. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, por sua condição de captar a essencialidade do fenômeno investigado em toda a sua dimensão e processo, teve apoio em estudo bibliográfico e documental. Tendo em vista a importância do currículo da Licenciatura em Matemática como componente principal para a formação inicial de professores tomamos para análise os seguintes documentos: as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, que determinam as normas para a criação do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso e em casos particulares o Plano de Curso disponibilizado pelo professor ministrante da disciplina de História da Matemática. Para tanto, a ementa da referida disciplina foi analisada de forma minuciosa, como também nos provocou identificar na prática a concepção de professores formadores e alunos em formação sobre a disciplina de História da Matemática e, sobretudo, a importância da História da Matemática na formação do professor. Participaram das entrevistas quatro professores e três alunos das Instituições pesquisadas. A partir das análises das entrevistas construímos duas categorias que emergiram das falas, que são elas: a História da Matemática como contribuição para a formação do professor e a importância da História da Matemática para a formação do professor. Entendemos que a disciplina é importante pela essencialidade de trazer a luz das discussões em sala de aula um conhecimento sobre o que é matemática do ponto de vista histórico e como ela se desenvolveu ao longo do tempo. As principais evidências após as análises em documentos e nas entrevistas realizadas foi à diferença entre a proposta do currículo escrito e a do currículo implementado em sala de aula pelos professores, indicando que há uma tentativa de alunos em formação trabalhar em suas práticas futuras atividades em que estejam ligadas a História da Matemática.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-16T13:34:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - tamiris Alves Muniz - 2014.pdf: 1947044 bytes, checksum: d60b2189f57a5b07b462b0e5ff0be5c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-16T13:36:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - tamiris Alves Muniz - 2014.pdf: 1947044 bytes, checksum: d60b2189f57a5b07b462b0e5ff0be5c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-16T13:36:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - tamiris Alves Muniz - 2014.pdf: 1947044 bytes, checksum: d60b2189f57a5b07b462b0e5ff0be5c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study has as object of research the subject Religious Education in the curriculum of the Brazilian schools. In this sense, seek to explain how was the construction of this subject in the curriculum of public schools in Brazil, mostly in the period of 1988 to 2010, wich comprehend a rich period in discussion, public politics of implantation to an area and the fight for the educacional field consolidation. It was established as general objective to understand the historical process of construction of the subject Religious Education in the curriculum of Brazilian public schools, and how specific objectives: to analyze the studies in the field of the history of the curriculum and history of the disciplines in order to understand how comes developing the research in these fields of research; demarcate as historically constituted the religious education in school subject and integrated the curriculum of Brazilian public schools; and to analyze the permanence of the subject Religious Education in the curriculum from the analysis of the experience of its configuration in the education system of Goiás. The study belongs to the field of research about the history of school subjects and adopts the socio-historical perspective of curriculum grounded in theories of André Chervel (1990), Gimeno Sacristán (2000), Ivor Goodson (1995, 1997, 2007, 2008) and Dominique Julia (2001, 2002 ), who design the curriculum and the subjects as cultural artifact. The adopted bibliography also includes discussions in the history of education concerning to the history of religious education in Brazilian education, greatly the studies of Carlos Roberto Jamil Cury (1986, 1993, 2004, 2005), Dermeval Saviani (2008), Luiz Antonio Cunha (1996, 2006, 2007a/b, 2012; 2013), and Sergio Junqueira (2002, 2010, 2011). Among the selected sources are written documents, mostly official documents, such as: legislation and curriculum programs relating to the subject Religious Education at the national level and the state of Goiás. Thus, the research is based particularly on the analysis of the formal curriculum, visible and public testimony, in the goodsonian purposes of rationalities and rhetoric that support the school practices. The results indicate that the subject Religious Education follows a trajectory similar to subjects as History, Geography and Physical Educationthat, became institutionalized in the same period, the 1930s. However, safeguard a peculiarity about the configuration standards: the fact of having groups outside the educational field as a strong disciplinary community. This community is made scholars linked to the religious field under the leadership of the Catholic Church. This characteristic is fed of the lack of autonomy of the educational field towards the political and religious fields, but especially from the omission of the State about its regulations and the indifference of specialists in the educational field about this discussion, which are only active in punctual moments and/or by the few scholars of the subject. On this occasion, the present study emphasizes the urgent need to questioning the presence of this subject in the curriculum from the educational field, from the effort of researchers in appropriating the work mode, that characterizes the thinking of Chervel and Goodson. / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa a disciplina Ensino Religioso no currículo das escolas brasileiras. Nesse sentido, busca explicitar como se deu a construção dessa disciplina no currículo das escolas públicas no Brasil, principalmente no período de 1988 a 2010, que compreende um período rico em discussão, implantação de políticas públicas para a área e de luta pela consolidação no campo educacional. Estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral compreender o processo histórico de construção da disciplina Ensino Religioso no currículo das escolas públicas brasileiras, e como objetivos específicos: analisar os estudos no campo da história do currículo e da história das disciplinas, no intuito de compreender como vem se desenvolvendo as investigações nesses campos de pesquisa; demarcar como historicamente o ensino religioso se constituiu em disciplina escolar e integrou o currículo das escolas públicas brasileiras; e analisar a permanência da disciplina Ensino Religioso no currículo a partir da análise da experiência de sua configuração no sistema educativo de Goiás. O estudo se insere no campo das pesquisas sobre história das disciplinas escolares e adota a perspectiva sócio-histórica de currículo embasado nas teorizações de André Chervel (1990), Gimeno Sacristán (2000), Ivor Goodson (1995; 1997; 2007; 2008) e Dominique Julia (2001; 2002), que concebem o currículo e as disciplinas escolares como artefato cultural. A bibliografia adotada contempla também as discussões no âmbito da história da educação referentes à história do ensino religioso na educação brasileira, sobremaneira os estudos de Carlos Roberto Jamil Cury (1986; 1993; 2004; 2005), Dermeval Saviani (2008), Luiz Antônio Cunha (1996; 2006; 2007a/b; 2012; 2013) e Sérgio Junqueira (2002; 2010; 2011). Dentre as fontes selecionadas, estão documentos escritos, em sua maioria documentos oficiais, como legislação e programas curriculares referentes à disciplina Ensino Religiosos em âmbito nacional e do estado de Goiás. Desse modo, a pesquisa assenta-se particularmente na análise do currículo prescrito, testemunho visível e público, na acepção goodsoniana das racionalidades e retóricas que fundamentam as práticas escolares. Os resultados indicam que a disciplina Ensino Religioso segue trajetória semelhante à de disciplinas escolares como História, Geografia e Educação Física, que se institucionalizaram no mesmo período, década de 1930. Contudo, resguarda uma particularidade quanto aos padrões de configuração: o fato de ter grupos externos ao campo educacional como sua comunidade disciplinar forte. Essa comunidade é constituída por estudiosos vinculados ao campo religioso sob a liderança da Igreja Católica. Essa característica se alimenta da falta de autonomia do campo educacional perante o campo político e religioso, mas, sobretudo, da omissão do Estado quanto a sua regulamentação e do descaso dos especialistas do campo educacional quanto a essa discussão, os quais têm atuação apenas em momentos pontuais e/ou por parte de poucos estudiosos do assunto. Desta feita, o presente estudo alerta para a urgente necessidade de se questionar a presença dessa disciplina no currículo por parte do campo educacional, a partir do esforço de pesquisadores em se apropriar do modo de trabalho, que caracteriza o pensamento de Chervel e Goodson.

The purpose of this paper is to compare curriculum documents for K-12 education from the state of North Carolina from two time periods, 1920s and 2003. The historical development of the mathematics curriculum in North Carolina provides a snapshot of the shifts in mathematics teaching and learning. North Carolina, a state in the southeast of the United States, has had a statewide standard course over a period spanning more than eighty years. A document analysis of printed curriculum standards from allows a description of the mathematics concepts and tasks that were expected of students in those years. The analysis revealed stark contrasts in the focus of mathematics from a very computational emphasis to one of problem solving. The analysis also highlighted the understanding of algebraic concepts and ideas as an essential outcome of current mathematics programs.