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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (436-463). Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-278).

A case study in the politics of social provision, this dissertation uncovers the origins of a legal dispute between directors of a charitable trust and its female beneficiaries during the Progressive Era. In 1919 the poor women of Brattleboro, Vermont, legatees of the Thomas Thompson Trust, sued the Boston-based charity for mismanagement and demanded increased benefits and a role in monitoring trust allocations. An examination of charity case records, legal testimony, and local resources reveals the roots of their collective action in the experience of getting help. At a time when reformers were reconstructing charity to accommodate the shift from a moral to scientific approach to poverty, the case reveals the gender and class relations that shaped social policy. Highlighting the perspective of charity clients, the study shows how both providers and the needy constructed charity policy. Over the course of two decades, interaction among charity administrators, middle-class women, visiting nurses and poor, mostly native-born white women resulted in a medical definition of female poverty. Increased access to medical care and health education led beneficiaries to fashion a definition of female worthiness that combined recognition of their wage-earning with protection and support for ill health and old age. The shift from a moral to physical explanation of female poverty strengthened poor women's claims to direct relief while it encouraged charity administrators to develop health programs and to cultivate public support. Despite an alliance with civic leaders seeking local control over charitable funds, poor women failed to attain legal recognition of their claims, but they nonetheless modified trust policy. The redefinition of female poverty as a medical problem bolstered women's sense of entitlement and expanded health services for the poor and working-class community. Improved access to health experts, however, did little to resolve poor women's economic difficulties and helped undermine their sense of self-sufficiency as they adapted to middle-class assumptions about female weakness and invalidity.

Pretendeu-se com o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa levantar e aprofundar a análise da documentação existente em torno do Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem, realizado no ano de 1947, na Escola de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. O objetivo geral da presente investigação foi identificar reformulação do ensino e do exercício profissional da enfermagem brasileira, na década de 1940, consubstanciadas no primeiro evento de natureza científica do Brasil. Teve como objetivos específicos: identificar questões relativas ao ensino de enfermagem por intermédio do reconhecimento de temas abordados no Primeiro Congresso Nacional de Enfermagem, bem como nas legislações do ensino do período delimitado neste estudo; reconhecer o contexto sócio-político da década de 1940 (mais especificamente no Estado de SP) e sua influência sobre a enfermagem e descrever a atuação e liderança de Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel no contexto da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e dos movimentos da enfermagem paulista na década de 1940, por intermédio da documentação e bibliografia existentes. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de abordagem histórico-social com utilização do método da pesquisa documental e da micro-história. O material disponível nos acervos do Centro Histórico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-Americana, Arquivo Histórico da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Seção São Paulo, Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery CEDOC/EEAN/UFRJ, Biblioteca Wanda de Aguiar Horta da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, Biblioteca da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP e Fundação Casa de Oswaldo Cruz COC/FIOCRUZ serviram a pesquisa realizada. Os desdobramentos do movimento associativo paulista resultaram na importância da criação de cursos para formação de Enfermeira-Chefe e Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, levantamento de questões relativas ao problema em Enfermagem em Saúde Pública na década de 1940, bem como a criação do curso de auxiliar de enfermagem. A EEUSP rompeu o padrão estabelecido para a formação profissional, sugerido pelo Decreto 20.109/31, que elegia normas específicas que deveriam ser assumidas pelas escolas existentes no país. A fundação da EEUSP foi um marco para a renovação dos processos educacionais da Enfermagem brasileira, que corroborou para a promulgação da Lei 775/49, impactando, inclusive, na formação da identidade profissional. As ações e intencionalidades do movimento associativo paulista em enfermagem foi, desde o seu início, congregar enfermeiras em torno de seus interesses, sejam voltadas para as questões do ensino, da formação, seja na atenção às demandas assistenciais, gerencias, dentre outras, como a capacitação da própria enfermeira para liderar sua equipe de trabalho / It was intended with the development of this research to raise and to deepen the analysis of the existing documentation around the First Brazilian Congress of Nursing, carried through in the year of 1947, the School of Nursing of the College of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. The general objective of the present inquiry was to identify reformularization of the education and the professional exercise of the Brazilian nursing, in the decade of 1940, embodied in the first event of scientific nature of Brazil. It had as objective specific: to identify issues related to nursing education through the recognition of issues addressed in the First National Congress of Nursing, as well as teaching the laws of the period defined in this study, recognizing the socio-political context of the 1940s (more specifically in the State of São Paulo) and its influence on nursing practice and describe the action and leadership of Edith Magalhães Fraenkel in the context of the USP School of Nursing and nursing movements Sao Paulo nursing in the decade of 1940, for intermediary of the existing documentation and bibliography. One is to a qualitative study, description-social boarding with use of the method of the documentary research and micro-history. The available material in the collections of the Centro Cultural History of Nursing Ibero-American Historical Archives of the Brazilian Nursing Association - São Paulo Section, Center for Documentation of Anna Nery School of Nursing - CEDOC / EEAN / UFRJ, Wanda de Aguiar Horta Library School Nursing USP, Library of the Faculty of Public Health of USP and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - COC / Fiocruz served research.The unfoldings of the São Paulo associative movement had resulted in the importance of the creation of courses for formation of Nurse-Head and Psychiatric Nursing, survey of relative questions to the problem in Nursing in Public Health in the decade of 1940, as well as the creation of the course of nurse aid. The EEUSP breached the standard established for the professional formation, suggested for Decree 20.109/31, that it chose specific norms that would have to be assumed by the existing schools in the country. The foundation of the EEUSP was a landmark for the renewal of the educational processes of the Brazilian Nursing, that it corroborated for the promulgation of Law 775/49, impacting, also, in the formation of the professional identity. The actions and intentions of the associative movement in São Paulo was nursing, since its inception, nurses gather around their interests are focused on the issues of education, training, whether in health care demands attention to, manage, among others, such as enabling the nurse to lead his own team

The study aimed to explore the lived experience of the careers of learning disability nurses in England. The methodology was informed by Hermeneutic Phenomenology, and the study design utilised narrative interviewing techniques based on an adapted model of the Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method (Wengraf 2001) in order to explore the career choices, experiences and beliefs, and values about learning disability nursing. Twenty in-depth qualitative interviews with learning disability nurses, who had been in practice in the 30-year period between 1979 and 2009, were undertaken in 2010 across nine counties in England. The data was interpreted using a narrative analysis approach. Key findings indicated that nurses, working in a diverse range of settings with varying degrees of experience, are motivated by working with people with learning disabilities and narrate their experiences of building relationships with people articulating the meaning of this for them as nurses. The initial reasons for choosing learning disability nursing as a career formed a key theme within the findings, with complex influences on their career choice. Additionally, all participants in this study created a narrative of change, focusing on the ways in which change in policy, practice and in societal views have impacted upon their working lives and their identity. The individual narratives have also been interpreted to form a collective narrative of learning disability nursing to specifically explore the identity of learning disability nurses and nursing in a changing context of health and social care provision.

Pretendeu-se com o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa levantar e aprofundar a análise da documentação existente em torno do Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem, realizado no ano de 1947, na Escola de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. O objetivo geral da presente investigação foi identificar reformulação do ensino e do exercício profissional da enfermagem brasileira, na década de 1940, consubstanciadas no primeiro evento de natureza científica do Brasil. Teve como objetivos específicos: identificar questões relativas ao ensino de enfermagem por intermédio do reconhecimento de temas abordados no Primeiro Congresso Nacional de Enfermagem, bem como nas legislações do ensino do período delimitado neste estudo; reconhecer o contexto sócio-político da década de 1940 (mais especificamente no Estado de SP) e sua influência sobre a enfermagem e descrever a atuação e liderança de Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel no contexto da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e dos movimentos da enfermagem paulista na década de 1940, por intermédio da documentação e bibliografia existentes. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de abordagem histórico-social com utilização do método da pesquisa documental e da micro-história. O material disponível nos acervos do Centro Histórico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-Americana, Arquivo Histórico da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Seção São Paulo, Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery CEDOC/EEAN/UFRJ, Biblioteca Wanda de Aguiar Horta da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, Biblioteca da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP e Fundação Casa de Oswaldo Cruz COC/FIOCRUZ serviram a pesquisa realizada. Os desdobramentos do movimento associativo paulista resultaram na importância da criação de cursos para formação de Enfermeira-Chefe e Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, levantamento de questões relativas ao problema em Enfermagem em Saúde Pública na década de 1940, bem como a criação do curso de auxiliar de enfermagem. A EEUSP rompeu o padrão estabelecido para a formação profissional, sugerido pelo Decreto 20.109/31, que elegia normas específicas que deveriam ser assumidas pelas escolas existentes no país. A fundação da EEUSP foi um marco para a renovação dos processos educacionais da Enfermagem brasileira, que corroborou para a promulgação da Lei 775/49, impactando, inclusive, na formação da identidade profissional. As ações e intencionalidades do movimento associativo paulista em enfermagem foi, desde o seu início, congregar enfermeiras em torno de seus interesses, sejam voltadas para as questões do ensino, da formação, seja na atenção às demandas assistenciais, gerencias, dentre outras, como a capacitação da própria enfermeira para liderar sua equipe de trabalho / It was intended with the development of this research to raise and to deepen the analysis of the existing documentation around the First Brazilian Congress of Nursing, carried through in the year of 1947, the School of Nursing of the College of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. The general objective of the present inquiry was to identify reformularization of the education and the professional exercise of the Brazilian nursing, in the decade of 1940, embodied in the first event of scientific nature of Brazil. It had as objective specific: to identify issues related to nursing education through the recognition of issues addressed in the First National Congress of Nursing, as well as teaching the laws of the period defined in this study, recognizing the socio-political context of the 1940s (more specifically in the State of São Paulo) and its influence on nursing practice and describe the action and leadership of Edith Magalhães Fraenkel in the context of the USP School of Nursing and nursing movements Sao Paulo nursing in the decade of 1940, for intermediary of the existing documentation and bibliography. One is to a qualitative study, description-social boarding with use of the method of the documentary research and micro-history. The available material in the collections of the Centro Cultural History of Nursing Ibero-American Historical Archives of the Brazilian Nursing Association - São Paulo Section, Center for Documentation of Anna Nery School of Nursing - CEDOC / EEAN / UFRJ, Wanda de Aguiar Horta Library School Nursing USP, Library of the Faculty of Public Health of USP and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - COC / Fiocruz served research.The unfoldings of the São Paulo associative movement had resulted in the importance of the creation of courses for formation of Nurse-Head and Psychiatric Nursing, survey of relative questions to the problem in Nursing in Public Health in the decade of 1940, as well as the creation of the course of nurse aid. The EEUSP breached the standard established for the professional formation, suggested for Decree 20.109/31, that it chose specific norms that would have to be assumed by the existing schools in the country. The foundation of the EEUSP was a landmark for the renewal of the educational processes of the Brazilian Nursing, that it corroborated for the promulgation of Law 775/49, impacting, also, in the formation of the professional identity. The actions and intentions of the associative movement in São Paulo was nursing, since its inception, nurses gather around their interests are focused on the issues of education, training, whether in health care demands attention to, manage, among others, such as enabling the nurse to lead his own team

Abstract This diploma work?s title is ?Special Characteristics of Nursing Care Documentation at Providing Foreign Patients with Nursing Care?. Nursing care documentation is very important, which statement represents general consent of all medical officers of health however the aforementioned nursing care documentation is rather complicated and disunited and uncoordinated. The greatest problem that appears here consists in needs being different taking into consideration culture, country, which the person (patient) comes from and the patient?s religion that the patient practices. Therefore it is important to bring order and consolidate all relevant pieces of information and think over nationwide use of this important data containing foreign patient characteristics. At present paying attention to this problem is worth not only noticing but also solving it because due to increasing migration to and within the Czech Republic territory it is expected that there will be a lot of different cultures as well as nationalities and medical personnel is expected high level of nursing care taking account of their needs. In the beginning there were set the following two goals: To ascertain whether the existing nursing documentation contains specific pieces of information necessary for providing nursing care for foreign patients and to determine whether it is necessary to make specific pieces information regarding foreign patients an integral part of nursing documentation. Three research questions were established at the same time then. The first research question focused on the fact whether the documentation having been used in hospitals was adapted to satisfy biological, psychical, social and spiritual needs of foreign patients. Thanks to the research question number two we made effort to ascertain and identify whether the documentation applied and being used in hospitals covers also the specific documentation oriented to foreign patients. The third and last research question solved the problem whether it is necessary that specific pieces of information dealing with foreign patients should be an integral part of nursing documentation. Inquiry check and examination were carried out by applying method of qualitative examination by means of non-standard interview and during the second part of interview data analysis was used. The research samples were represented by nurses working at hospital wards in the hospitals within South Bohemia Region, West Bohemia Region, Central Bohemia Region and North Moravia Region. Applying interview forms processed the pieces of information provided by nurses. The inquiry checks and examinations showed that the nursing documentation used in the hospital wards does not contain in sufficient scope the pieces of information oriented to the foreign patients and foreign clients which results in foreign patients and clients not satisfying biological, psychical, social and spiritual needs. It follows from this that nurses working at hospital wards do not have available and at their disposal the documentation related to the foreign clients and patients and dealing with the foreign clients? needs ? the existing nursing documentation is only one and it is applied and used for all hospital clients i.e. it is uniform. It is possible to make the conclusion that the first goal having been established has been met and the same hold good for the second one. In the connection and context with pieces of knowledge having been ascertained we should like to recommend that nurses working at hospital wards should have the possibility of getting familiar with multicultural nursing and it would be advisable and appropriate to provide nursing documentation oriented to foreign clients coming from foreign countries. It appears important from the point of view to satisfy the needs of these clients, which will bring nursing care new higher quality.