This study is directed at the problem of an apparent contradiction within the theory of Chinese painting, between insistence on the importance of individuality in painting on the one hand, by Chinese critics, and on the other their veneration of traditional ways and means, subjects, styles, and the criteria used in judging excellence. Since this dichotomy is clearly embodied in the single most important document within the theory of Chinese painting, Hsieh Ho's Six Principles (the First and Sixth in particular), I have structured the first three parts of the thesis around an evaluation of Hsieh Ho's reputation, and the literal meaning of the First and Sixth principles, respectively. The method is essentially that of literary criticism, tempered, hopefully, by a familiarity with many of the great masterpieces of Chinese painting. In the last two sections I moved from an evaluation of the values and customs of the social class which supported the art of painting, back to the theory itself. Within the scholar-official class, as a social entity, a similar apparent contradiction exists between the importance placed on individual freedom and talent in living, and the recognized authority of fixed tradition. Since this dichotomy is embodied within the apparently conflicting ways of Confucianism and Taoism, I have built my argument around these two socio-religious traditions. The method used is one of socio-philosophical analysis and interpretation. From a consideration of Confucianism and Taoism a set of relatively a-historical constants emerges: for Confucianism a moral imperative and the practice of calligraphy; for Taoism a metaphysical imperative and the practice of meditation. In the great literary and artistic tradition of China, a fifth constant exists, shared by the Confucian and the Taoist mind alike. My formulation of these constants and evaluation of their inter-relationships, and interdependence, is almost completely philosophical--the intuitive and deductive construction of a resolution which seems to adequately explain all of the important issues. My actual presupposition that the conflict (between the individual talent and tradition) is illusory comes, foremost, from my sense of complete unity in the painting, and, secondly, from the fact that the Chinese themselves were never particularly aware of any such threat to the production of masterpieces of uncompromised spiritual significance. In the "Introduction" I suggest that the illusion of conflict or compromising conflict within the field-theory of Chinese painting is, very likely, based on a defensive Western cultural-egotism, and the superstition that the Orient has always negated the individual spirit while we in the new West alone know its true value. Once we emphathize with the Chinese scholar-painters, the illusion melts away. The conclusion I reach is that the apparently opposing and conflicting elements are in fact complimentary and supportive, within the overall unity of the Chinese spirit. However, a certain irony must be admitted in that an a-historical, or universal level of being is a necessary postulate in order to consumate the resolution. That the Chinese themselves were convinced of the reality of such a metaphysical level, I have substantiated with quotations; and it is on this level that the result of Taoist meditation emerges as the supporting basis of the Confucian moral commitment to the essential goodness of man. In a similar way the Confucian practice of calligraphy provides the essential technical equipment of the painter, and a ready-made audience of experts in brush work, while the final criteria for judging the excellence of painting is closely related to the experience of the Taoist mystic. Moralizing on the Confucian side of the coin takes the form of transmission of ideal types and subjects in painting, while the Taoist commitment to spontaneous use of the brush, on the other side, leads toward the unconscious lodging of individual moral character--and, conceivably, all within the same painting. Individual talent finds its freedom to live in expression primarily through the function of negative capability, while tradition, the authority of the sages, in strictly governing the artist's positive invention ironically preserves the ideal conditions under which the painter's negative capability may be activated. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1981. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-295).

Ho, an under-documented North Munda language of India, is known for its complex verb forms. This dissertation focuses on analysis of several features of those complex verbs, using data from original fieldwork undertaken by the author. By way of background, an analysis of the phonetics, phonology and morphophonology of Ho is first presented. Ho has vowel harmony based on height, and like other Munda languages, the phonological word is restricted to two moras. There has been a long-standing debate over whether Ho and the other North Munda languages have word classes, including verbs as distinct from nouns. Looking at the distribution of object, property and action concepts, this study argues that Ho does, in fact, have word classes, including a small class of adjectives. Several new morphological analyses are given; for example, what has previously been called 'passive' is here analyzed as 'middle'. The uses of the middle -oʔ in Ho overlap with uses documented for other middle-marking languages, suggesting that this is a better label than 'passive'. Ho traditionally marks aspect in the verb rather than tense, especially for transitive verb constructions. Several aspect suffixes follow the verb root. Ho is developing a periphrastic past tense construction with the past tense copula form taikena. Also, the combination of perfect(ive) aspect suffixes and the transitivity suffix -ɖ always gives a past tense interpretation, to the extent that -ɖ may be re- grammaticalizing to past tense. Three types of complex clauses are discussed in the dissertation: complement clauses; relative clauses and serial verb constructions. Like many South Asian languages, Ho has productive serial verbs and several serialized verbs are grammaticalizing to become more like auxiliary verb constructions.

This thesis is an examination of Nguyen Ai Quoc's (Ho Chi Minh's) role in transmitting communism to Vietnam in the period between the First and Second World Wars. As the Third International (Comintern) provided the theory and much of the organizational support for this task, it is also a study of the Comintern's changing policies towards revolution in colonial countries. It has grown out of research in the Moscow archives of the Comintern, which first became available to researchers in late 1991-1992. It also makes extensive use of the French colonial archives at the Centre d'Archives d'Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence. This study begins with Nguyen Ai Quoc's appearance in Paris in 1919, when he lobbied the Paris Peace Conference for greater Vietnamese freedom and was then drawn into the political world of the French left. It follows his first contacts with the Comintern in Moscow (1923- 1924), through his two-year sojourn in Canton during the Communist-Guomindang United Front, when he established the first training courses for Vietnamese revolutionaries. Chapters IV and V cover his return to Asia in mid-1928, his founding of the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1930, and the 1930-31 insurrectionary movement in Vietnam. Chapter Six deals with his Jime 1931 arrest and his long period of political inactivity in Moscow, from mid-1934 until the autumn of 1938. The final chapter covers his return to southern China and his efforts to regain his influence in the Vietnamese communist movement from 1939 to 1941. The thesis concludes that, with the benefit of the documentary evidence now available, it is necessary to readjust the perception of Nguyen Ai Quoc as an influential communist during his early political career. Initially he received little financial support from Moscow and he never became a member of the Comintern Executive Committee. Nor did he exist entirely within the world of the Comintern. Although the latter was an essential force in the creation of Vietnamese communism, there were other factors which shaped its growth, including family and regional ties, as well as Chinese and French left-wing politics.

The present investigation was prompted by several considerations. In previous studies there was considerable variance with regard to the reported values for the half-lives of the isomeric and ground states in 164 Ho. There was also considerable variance with regard to the values reported for the branching ratios and the relative intensities of the transitions. Thus a further study of the problem was needed.

The Han-Nan poems of Ho Xuan Huong

Thesis (M.A.). / Written for the Dept. of East Asian Studies. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/28). Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:36:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5589_Dissertação BRUNO DE ALMEIDA.pdf: 594412 bytes, checksum: aec2994409c8dcb4ea46dbde8de6d6f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-19 / O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender as relações intersubjetivas travadas na cultura escolar a partir do diálogo com a teoria do reconhecimento social de Axel Honneth. As discussões desenvolvidas no decorrer do mesmo dizem respeito à investigação realizada no contexto de uma escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Vitória/ES, durante o ano letivo de 2011. O processo de investigação desenvolveu-se a partir da pesquisa etnográfica, bem como por entrevistas com dez professores, uma pedagoga e uma coordenadora da escola, que foram sujeitos do estudo. O desenvolvimento da argumentação será desdobrado em três partes. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma discussão teórico-metodológica, a qual busca delimitar o objeto de análise, discutir os pressupostos conceituais da teoria do reconhecimento social e discorrer sobre o processo de desenvolvimento da investigação. No segundo momento, expressa a análise dos mecanismos de formação da identidade docente a luz da compreensão das relações intersubjetivas de reconhecimento na comunidade de valores da escola. Num terceiro momento, analisa como a condição de segunda classe das disciplinas de Artes, Educação Física e Língua Inglesa impactam no processo de afirmação e reconhecimento da identidade de seus professores. Nas considerações finais, discorre sobre o processo de devolutiva dos dados e das possíveis intervenções na cultura da escola a partir das análises elaboradas pelo trabalho de investigação.

This thesis consists of an annotated translation, with introduction, of the first two of the ten rolls of the Mo-ho-chih-kuan The Mo-ho-chih-kuan is no. 1911 of the works contained in the Taisho edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon (Taisho-shinshu-daizokyo in Vol. 46 from page 1 to page 140. The first two rolls, Chapter One of the whole work, run from page 1 to page 21. The Mo-ho-chih-kuan derives from a series of lectures given over the summer months of the year 594 A.D. by the founder of the T'ien-t'ai school of Chinese Buddhism, Chih-I (538-597). Kuan-ting, a disciple of Chih-i, took notes on these lectures and subsequently revised and edited them until they reached approximately the form in which the text is now available. The Mo-ho-chih-kuan is devoted to the elucidation of meditation techniques and their philosophical underpinnings. This is apparent from the title alone, which I have rendered "The Great Calming and Contemplation," and which represents the Sanskrit maha-samatha-vipasyana. Chih and kuan are the two aspects of meditation for Chih-I and the T'ien-t'ai school, signifying the negative and the positive approaches to religious practise: on the one hand the mental defilements, illusions and errors must be calmed, halted and eradicated (chih), and on the other hand the practitioner views, contemplates and has insight into (kuan ) the nature of Ultimate Reality. "Calming" (ohih) is quieting the mind, contemplation (kuan) is making it work properly. What I have undertaken to translate is the first chapter of the whole work, the Synopsis. This chapter may be considered a reduced-size version of the whole, though it also contains much material that is either not in the other chapters or is there presented in a different way. It is best known for its exposition of the "Four Kinds of Samadhi" or programs of religious practise: the constantly-sitting samadhi, the constantly-walking samadhi, the half-walking/half-sitting samadhi, and the neither-walking-nor-sitting samadhi. These involve respectively sitting quietly in the lotus posture, walking while reciting the name of the Buddha Amitabha, pronouncing dhavanls while alternating between sitting and walking, and using one's every thought and every act for contemplation. The author Chih-i classifies meditation (calming-and-contemplation) into three types: the gradual, the variable and the sudden. The Mo-ho- chih-kuan deals with the "sudden" variety, in which the practitioner's identity with Ultimate Reality is recognized from the very beginning of his religious practise. This form of meditation is consistent with the Mahayana Buddhist position that there is no ontological difference between the defilements of mind and enlightenment: there is nothing that does not enter into the nature of the Real. This chapter may be considered / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

La expresión de hemoxigenasa 1 (HO-1) ha demostrado estar sobre-regulada en el cáncer colorrectal (CCR), pero el papel que desempeña en este tipo de cáncer aún no se ha dilucidado. Los objetivos de este estudio han sido analizar la expresión de HO-1 en CCR invasivo humano, evaluar su correlación con parámetros clínicos -histopatológicos e investigar los mecanismos por los cuales la enzima influye en la progresión tumoral. Se confirmó que HO-1 fue sobre-expresada en CCR invasivo humano y se encontró que la expresión de la enzima se asocia con un mayor tiempo de supervivencia global de los pacientes. Además, se observó, en un modelo de CCR en ratas inducido químicamente con 1,2-dimetilhidrazina que la expresión total y nuclear de HO-1 aumenta con la progresión tumoral. El estudio de los mecanismos implicados en la acción de la HO-1 en CCR demostró que la proteína reduce la viabilidad celular a través de la inducción de la detención del ciclo celular y de la apoptosis; y que se requiere la proteína supresora de tumores p53 funcional para estos efectos. Esta reducción en la viabilidad celular se acompaña por la modulación de los niveles de p21, p27, ciclina D1, Bax, uPARP y por la modulación de las vías de caspasa-3, Akt y PKC´s. También, en modelos animales murinos, se demostró que la modulación genética y farmacológica de HO-1 reduce la tasa de crecimiento y la carga tumoral cuando p53 se encuentra en su estado salvaje. En adición, se observó que la sobre-expresión de HO-1 reduce la migración e invasión celular. En conclusión, estos resultados demuestran un papel antitumoral de HO-1 apuntando a la importancia de la condición de p53 en esta actividad antitumoral. / The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was shown to be up-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the its role in this type of cancer has not yet been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to analyze the expression of HO-1 in human invasive CRC, to evaluate its correlation with clinical-histopathological parameters and to investigate the mechanisms by which the enzyme affects tumor progression. It was confirmed that HO-1 was over-expressed in invasive human CRC and was found that the expression of the enzyme is associated with an increased overall survival time of patients. Furthermore, it was observed in a chemical animal model of CRC induced in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine that the total and the nuclear expression of HO-1 increased with tumor progression. The study of the mechanisms involved in the action of HO-1 protein in CRC, showed that the protein reduces cell viability through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; and functional suppressor protein p53 is required for this purpose. This reduction in cell viability is accompanied by modulation of the levels of p21, p27, cyclin D1, Bax, uPARP and modulation of caspase-3, Akt and PKC's pathways. Also, in animal murine models, it was demonstrated that genetic and pharmacological modulation of HO-1 reduces the rate of growth of tumors and the tumor load when wild type p53 is present. In addition, we observed that overexpression of HO-1 decreases migration and cell invasion. Altogether, this results show an antitumor role of HO-1 pointing to the importance of p53 status with its antitumor activiy.