In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

<p>Akademiska Hus owns and manages the university facilities in most university towns in Sweden. Bilbergska house in Örebro was built in 2008 by Akademiska Hus, and designed by White Architects. Today's buildings must meet accessibility requirements determined by Swedish Board of Housing, and it is the developer who must ensure that they are fulfilled. Swedish Board of Housing requirements are often vaguely written and interpretation space is large.</p><p>This report aims to investigate how much of the requirements which are set towards the University and landlord Akademiska Hus are being achieved. This is done by studying the requirements that are set. Next step is making inventory of accessibility for people with disabilities in the house. Any deficiencies will be repaired which will hopefully make the building completely accessible. Knowledge of deficiencies in the house is to be used so that any deficiencies are not repeated in future constructions. This means that unnecessary costs can be avoided and also lead to an improvement in accessibility of the building.</p><p>Conclusion is that the Bilbergska house has pretty good accessibility, although a lot remains to be improved before it can be said that the house is fully accessible. The most common deficiencies found in this building are lack of signage in premises, handrails and contrast markings. The house is better suited for people with motion disabilities than for people with impaired orientation capacity and impaired vision. Architects should focus more on these types of deficiencies and ensure that those deficiencies are not found in future projects. All disabilities must have equal importance when new buildings are designed.</p><p>To improve accessibility we should clarify the general advices with various typical examples to make it easier to interpret the advices and avoid mistakes. That should make it easier for planers and expert controllers to check the accessibility in new buildings.Requirements are not fully complied today and in order to be improved we must have better controls. Developers should use certified experts in accessibility during the planning of buildings and local building committee when accessibility is controlled.</p><p>With better controls and greater awareness of the availability brings us closer towards the goal – which is an accessible and usable community for all citizens.</p> / <p>Akademiska Hus äger och förvaltar universitetslokaler i de flesta universitetsorter i Sverige. Bilbergska huset i Örebro byggdes 2008 av Akademiska Hus och projekterades av White Arkitekter. Dagens byggnader skall uppfylla krav på tillgänglighet som Boverket har bestämt och som byggherren skall se till att de uppfylls. Boverkets krav är ofta vagt skrivna och tolkningsutrymmet är stort.</p><p>Syftet med rapporten är att se hur stor del av de krav, som är ställda mot universitetet samt hyresvärden Akademiska Hus, verkligen uppnås. Detta görs genom att studera kraven som är ställda. Därefter inventeras tillgängligheten i huset. Eventuella brister åtgärdas så att god tillgänglighet i huset uppnås. Kunskap om bristerna i huset skall användas så att eventuella brister inte upprepas vid framtida nybyggnationer. Det borde resultera i att onödiga merkostnader undviks samt att tillgängligheten i byggnaden förbättras.</p><p>Slutsatsen av arbetet är att Bilbergska huset har ganska god tillgänglighet, fast en hel del finns kvar att förbättra innan det går att säga att huset är helt tillgängligt. De vanligaste bristerna som hittades är avsaknad av skyltning, ledstänger och kontrastmarkeringar. Huset är bättre anpassat för personer med rörelsehinder än för personer med nedsatt orienteringsförmåga samt nedsatt syn. Arkitekter bör inrikta sig mer på dessa typer av brister, och se till att dessa brister inte påträffas i framtida projekt. Alla funktionshinder skall ha lika stor vikt vid projekteringen av nya byggnader.</p><p>För att förbättra tillgängligheten borde man förtydliga de allmänna råden med diverse typexempel så att det blir enklare att tolka råden och undvika misstag. Det borde underlätta för projektörer samt för sakkunniga kontrollanter som skall kontrollera tillgängligheten i nya byggnader. Regelverket efterlevs inte till fullo idag och skall det bli förbättring i detta avseende, måste det till bättre kontroller. Certifierade sakkunniga i tillgänglighet borde anlitas av byggherrar vid projektering och av byggnadsnämnder när tillgängligheten skall kontrolleras.</p><p>Med bättre kontroller och ökad medvetenhet om tillgänglighet, kommer vi närmare det uppsatta målet – ett tillgängligt och användbart samhälle för alla medborgare.</p>

Akademiska Hus owns and manages the university facilities in most university towns in Sweden. Bilbergska house in Örebro was built in 2008 by Akademiska Hus, and designed by White Architects. Today's buildings must meet accessibility requirements determined by Swedish Board of Housing, and it is the developer who must ensure that they are fulfilled. Swedish Board of Housing requirements are often vaguely written and interpretation space is large. This report aims to investigate how much of the requirements which are set towards the University and landlord Akademiska Hus are being achieved. This is done by studying the requirements that are set. Next step is making inventory of accessibility for people with disabilities in the house. Any deficiencies will be repaired which will hopefully make the building completely accessible. Knowledge of deficiencies in the house is to be used so that any deficiencies are not repeated in future constructions. This means that unnecessary costs can be avoided and also lead to an improvement in accessibility of the building. Conclusion is that the Bilbergska house has pretty good accessibility, although a lot remains to be improved before it can be said that the house is fully accessible. The most common deficiencies found in this building are lack of signage in premises, handrails and contrast markings. The house is better suited for people with motion disabilities than for people with impaired orientation capacity and impaired vision. Architects should focus more on these types of deficiencies and ensure that those deficiencies are not found in future projects. All disabilities must have equal importance when new buildings are designed. To improve accessibility we should clarify the general advices with various typical examples to make it easier to interpret the advices and avoid mistakes. That should make it easier for planers and expert controllers to check the accessibility in new buildings.Requirements are not fully complied today and in order to be improved we must have better controls. Developers should use certified experts in accessibility during the planning of buildings and local building committee when accessibility is controlled. With better controls and greater awareness of the availability brings us closer towards the goal – which is an accessible and usable community for all citizens. / Akademiska Hus äger och förvaltar universitetslokaler i de flesta universitetsorter i Sverige. Bilbergska huset i Örebro byggdes 2008 av Akademiska Hus och projekterades av White Arkitekter. Dagens byggnader skall uppfylla krav på tillgänglighet som Boverket har bestämt och som byggherren skall se till att de uppfylls. Boverkets krav är ofta vagt skrivna och tolkningsutrymmet är stort. Syftet med rapporten är att se hur stor del av de krav, som är ställda mot universitetet samt hyresvärden Akademiska Hus, verkligen uppnås. Detta görs genom att studera kraven som är ställda. Därefter inventeras tillgängligheten i huset. Eventuella brister åtgärdas så att god tillgänglighet i huset uppnås. Kunskap om bristerna i huset skall användas så att eventuella brister inte upprepas vid framtida nybyggnationer. Det borde resultera i att onödiga merkostnader undviks samt att tillgängligheten i byggnaden förbättras. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att Bilbergska huset har ganska god tillgänglighet, fast en hel del finns kvar att förbättra innan det går att säga att huset är helt tillgängligt. De vanligaste bristerna som hittades är avsaknad av skyltning, ledstänger och kontrastmarkeringar. Huset är bättre anpassat för personer med rörelsehinder än för personer med nedsatt orienteringsförmåga samt nedsatt syn. Arkitekter bör inrikta sig mer på dessa typer av brister, och se till att dessa brister inte påträffas i framtida projekt. Alla funktionshinder skall ha lika stor vikt vid projekteringen av nya byggnader. För att förbättra tillgängligheten borde man förtydliga de allmänna råden med diverse typexempel så att det blir enklare att tolka råden och undvika misstag. Det borde underlätta för projektörer samt för sakkunniga kontrollanter som skall kontrollera tillgängligheten i nya byggnader. Regelverket efterlevs inte till fullo idag och skall det bli förbättring i detta avseende, måste det till bättre kontroller. Certifierade sakkunniga i tillgänglighet borde anlitas av byggherrar vid projektering och av byggnadsnämnder när tillgängligheten skall kontrolleras. Med bättre kontroller och ökad medvetenhet om tillgänglighet, kommer vi närmare det uppsatta målet – ett tillgängligt och användbart samhälle för alla medborgare.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.

Transplantation is the optimal form of therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease; however, the use of organs with hepatic steatosis is often associated with increased risks for poor function and graft loss. In addition, ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury leads to cellular damage that can culminate in functional impairment and loss of graft. Furthermore, IR injury is aggravated by pre-existing steatosis and may involve additional mechanisms and mediators of cellular damage. Current models to study IR in vitro are not well defined and may overlook periods of injury that are involved in transplantation. In this thesis, I present an in vitro model for IR injury that includes multiple phases of injury and leads to the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and possibly enhances the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). As graft HO-1 expression correlates positively with reduced injury, but MMP-9 expression is associated with increased injury, I therefore examined the utility of in vitro gene therapies to affect the expression of these proteins. We conclude that the in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion is a promising tool to study the cellular response to IR and may provide a platform for the development of future therapies which could have clinical applications.

In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

In 1986, Vietnam opened up the country’s economy by launching the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, which made the process of economic liberalisation possible. Accordingly, Ho Chi Minh City, the country’s biggest city, has undergone rapid growth of population, urbanisation and industrialisation. While achieving remarkable economic growth, the city faces considerable urban environmental challenges. The rapid growth of urbanisation and industry has placed increasing pressure on available freshwater resources, through excessive water use and increasing volumes of untreated wastewater. Firstly, the urban water sector has had to meet growing demand for water use for domestic purposes during the dry season. Secondly, groundwater levels have experienced a substantial drawdown in outlying urban districts as a result of over-abstraction. Thirdly, rapidly expanding industrial activities are causing severe demand on water resources. The city’s major supply sources have developed an alarming level of pollutants discharged by industry. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an integrated approach to the sustainable management of water resources in Ho Chi Minh City. In order to achieve this, the research was designed to examine institutional frameworks and arrangements and to explore the perception of water value by water users and stakeholders. The underlying reasons for ineffective management are anchored in fragmented management practices which result from inadequate institutional frameworks and arrangements, inadequate regulations and inappropriate water governance. Weak enforcement of law and insufficient cooperation between government agencies and departments in Ho Chi Minh City and their counterparts in neighbouring provinces also limit management efficacy. The research results show that stakeholders have different perceptions of water resources. Overall, water value has been considered as a social and economic good by both the urban respondents and government officials. However, most urban residents view water as a social good rather than an economic one. Public involvement in the water sector is limited. Most urban dwellers have little understanding and knowledge about the city’s water issues or the available channels to access information on water resources. Many government officials are inadequately trained, poorly qualified, inexperienced and have irrelevant or outdated background knowledge about their field of management. Government respondents did not provide consistent data and information on the water profile because there is no shared common information on water issues in place. Findings from the fieldwork show that decentralisation, privatisation and using rainwater as a potential alternative water source are preferred. Finally, the study proposes a schematic revision of existing management structures and mechanisms between local government agencies. This thesis proposes a model for a water conservation strategy for which the management and use of water resources is aligned with adequate institutional arrangements and effective regulations. Water governance and management of water resources need to work with economic and urbanisation growth. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331639 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008