This thesis presents arguments for better understanding and subsequent better treatment of children, particularly in relation to their education. Autonomous education is seen as more providential in attaining greater freedom and self-determination in children than systems of education which favour authoritarian policies. It is, however, conceded that there can be no 'one right way' approach when educating children as individuals. Divisibility of intelligence is discussed with reference to Paul Hirst, Howard Gardner and R. F. Dearden. Autonomous education is seen to be 'at home' in home-based education, and autonomous education within a democratic setting sets the scene for children's enfranchisement. A post-modernist technological revolution foreshadows cultural changes which may augur notions of education policies which embody voluntary rather than compulsory elements. The Compulsory Education Act is, therefore, assessed in relation to justice. To support the argument for greater freedom and self-determination, children's competences and capabilities are evaluated within the four main areas of rationality, responsibility, moral and emotional development and experience. A 'Personal-Territory Thesis' is the corner-stone of arguments which support a belief that knowledge and morality are founded on a rational basis which is common to both children and adults. Moral and emotional developments are assessed in relation to maturity in general. Dependence and autonomy are factors which present conflicting issues. Kant's moral theory features strongly throughout the thesis with much reference to Onora O'Neill's interpretation.

Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2010. / Background Namibia is one of the country most affected by HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world and in Sub¬Sahara Africa with an adult prevalence of 19,7 %, and 210.000 people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003. The Caprivi region adult prevalence in adult pregnant wom~n is estimated at 43%. The health care services are overstrained with patients and home-based care (HBC) is seen a possible solution. The scale up of HBC and expansion of coverage to patients has lessened the burden of public hospitals to deal with all these chronically ill patients. The challenges that volunteers are facing impact in the quality of care people living with HIV I AIDS receive. Objectives This study assessed the utilization of home-based care service, knowledge and perception of People living with HIV and AIDS (PL WHA) toward home-based care services. The views of volunteers towards home-based care service are also reported. Methods This is a qualitative study that utilized Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for the home-based care-givers and in-depth interview with the clients accessing antiretroviral treatment at Katima State Hospital. A total of four focus group discussions were organized with care-givers comprising 31 adult participants (15 males and 16 females) and 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with the people living with HIV and AIDS accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) at Katima State Hospital. All FGDs were tape recorded and one-to-one interview was hand written. Result The study demonstrates that most of the participants have positive attitudes toward utilization of HBC service. However, few people are still afraid to disclose their health status. In general, the community participation has tremendously reduced stigmatization. The self-reported health status by the HBC givers in order to have access to nutrition support may have played a role in reducing the stigma associated with HIV and thus increased the number of people utilizing the HBC service. The HIV -positive participants valued the assistance received from the volunteers and volunteers appreciate the training received to enable them to undertake their duties with more confidence. The dress code of volunteers when visiting patients was perceived to disclose HIV status but did not influence patient attitude to access the service. Conclusion The improvement in community knowledge about HIV and HBC service has enhanced the positive attitude toward utilization of home-based care service which has consequently reduced the stigma associated with HIV. Advocacy is required to improve the working condition of volunteer care-givers home-based care by policy markers. The collaboration between different stakeholders will advance and sustain the HBC service in focusing on prevention of HIV infection.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). Also available via the Internet.

acase@tulane.edu / Introduction: The Home-based Management of Malaria (HMM) is a cornerstone of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is recommended by WHO to provide prompt access to antimalarial treatment for children in under-served areas. Although HMM has been shown to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality with chloroquine, it has not been examined previously in the era of artemisinin-based combination therapies. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HMM reduced: 1] the time from when a mother or guardian realized her child was ill to the time when the child was brought for treatment and 2] malaria morbidity in children less than 5 years of age. Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study (2008-2014) was performed in intervention villages (receiving HMM) and control villages (not receiving HMM) to examine the effectiveness of HMM. Key Results: More mothers and guardians were informed about the malaria control activities performed (98% vs. 24%) in intervention than control villages (p < 0.001). Consistent with that result, mothers and guardians in intervention villages sought care for their sick children earlier than mothers in control villages (p < 0.001) and were more likely to obtain treatment from community health workers (CHWs) in their home villages. In contrast, more children were referred for malaria treatment to health posts and health centers from control than intervention villages (p < 0.001). Likewise, more children with complicated malaria were referred for treatment from control villages (p < 0.001), although those conclusions were limited by the small numbers of complicated (severe) malaria cases. Conclusions: These results indicate HMM shortens the time mothers wait before taking their children to receive treatment. Because more children with uncomplicated or complicated malaria are referred for treatment from control than intervention villages, these results indicate that the availability of HMM treatment in the child’s home village reduces morbidity (the risk of severe malarial disease). However, additional studies with larger numbers of subjects will be necessary to determine if HMM reduces mortality. / 1 / Ibrahima SECK

These two studies investigated maternal engagement and retention in a voluntary, home-visiting program. The program screened families at the birth of their first child for risk characteristics associated with poor child and family outcomes. Higher risk families were offered regular home visits and support for up to 5 years. In the first study, a two-level hierarchical general linear model (HGLM) was used to examine the impact of poor community health and maternal isolation on mother's active engagement in the program, following initial enrollment. Data came from 4,057 mothers with firstborn infants, who enrolled in the Oregon Healthy Start (OHS) home-visiting program from 1995 through 1998. At the time of this study OHS was operating in 15 Oregon counties. Results showed that living in a county characterized by poor community health, or maternal isolation from supportive family and friendship networks, significantly reduced the likelihood of mothers actively engaging in home visits after enrollment. Hispanic mothers were significantly more likely to engage in services than mothers of other ethnicities. In the second study, a three-level hierarchical general linear model (HGLM) was used to investigate the impact of community violence, home visitor attributes, and maternal attributes on maternal retention in the OHS home-visiting program. Data came from 1,093 mothers with firstborn infants, served by 71 home visitors, residing in 12 communities being served by the OHS program prior to February 2000. Results showed that mothers who lived in communities that displayed higher levels of community violence were less likely to remain in the OHS program. Mothers were more likely to remain in the program when served by home visitors who received more active supervision. Mothers who were older were more likely to remain in the OHS program than were younger mothers. Hispanic mothers were more likely to remain in the OHS program than were mothers of other ethnic groups. Each study presents the implications for programmatic application. / Graduation date: 2002

The informal sector plays a very important role in developing countries. It acts as a stabilizer, and within this the urban poor find the necessary strategies for their survival. Home based commercial activities are a part of these strategies. They provide households with an additional income and open opportunities for those who can not qualify for jobs within the "formal" workforce. / The extraordinary abundance and variety of home based commercial activities are recorded in the case study. The study registers all the home based commercial activities existing in an informal settlement within the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. Emphasis is placed on the precise location of the businesses, and an analysis of its physical attributes. The different forms of adapting parts of the dwellings to serve as businesses are also observed. / Home based enterprises promote a rich mixture of activities in poor communities. The findings suggest that this mixed use of the land creates a better environment in informal settlements, as opposed to the division of activities implemented in official housing projects. Researchers and developers should therefore consider home based commercial activities as tools of development.

No description available.

This evaluation examines a Community Intervention Program's goal of reducing out-of-home placements. The Community Intervention Program (CIP) is a home-based family preservation program that began servicing families in 1998. Out-of-Home placements are considered any placement for a child other than his/her natural home settings. Some examples of out-of-home placements include: foster homes, detention, hospitalization, group homes, residential treatment, wilderness camps and etc. This evaluation will include 14 families that were discharged from the Community Program of Atlanta, GA between the months of January-August, 2000. Out of the 14 families there are 21 children ranging between the ages of 5 and 17. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess how successful the program is in meeting its intended goal of reducing out-of-home placements among the children they service. Successful placements are defined as those in which the children remained in the home 3 months post-discharge. Unsuccessful placements are defined as those in which the children were placed out of the home 3 months post-discharge. All of the families included in the study had children who have been placed out of the home at some point, and are experiencing difficulties functioning, or families who had children who were at high risk of being placed out of the home. The findings of this evaluation are expected to raise awareness in the field of social work on the importance of tracking the placement of discharged clients. Many studies show programs were successful in preventing out-of-home placements during treatment and at discharge, but there is little to no information on placement stability 3, 6, or 12 months post discharge. Implications of social work practice are discussed.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the constraints to and opportunities for organising the gendered home-based care sector in post apartheid South Africa. Also the gender aspect of care work has been closely examined and the study has revealed that societal stereotypes that view care work as women work in the private sphere have to a greater extent contributed to the devaluation of care work in both society and as a form of paid care work. Qualitative research methodology was used in the form of documentary analysis, interviews and participant observation. The research findings demonstrate that unions themselves, resources and legislation/ policy issues pose as major barriers to organising these atypical workers. Generally, most unions are not yet ready to embrace informal workers into the mainstream as it entails innovation of new organising strategies that could be out of their comfort zone, the pumping out of a vast amount of resources and the avoidance of the huge obligation of breaking through legal barriers. Grassroot mobilising around gender needs has been proposed as the most appropriate strategy for organising the newly emerging mobile and precarious workforce which comprises principally of women. An undeniable link between the formal and informal economy has also been confirmed as formal institutions such as NGOs, hospital, clinics and private companies through the Expanded Public Works Programme here in South Africa make use of informal labour to execute their obligations in the HBC sector. From a gender perspective, this study argues that female jobs are despised by society let alone trade unions where democracy and gender sensitivity should be practiced. Devaluation of female jobs herein care work could be the reason why NEHAWU has taken too long to organise the HBC sector. Finally, results of the study have demistified the societal stereotypes that female jobs are difficult to organise as HBC workers were more than willing to join NEHAWU.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.