This paper explores the way Hong Kong independent comics encapsulate the essence of the city. Independent comics are distinguished from mainstream comics by their specific mode of production. More significantly they demonstrate an emphasis on subjective personal creativity and craftsmanship, which stands out sharply in the pervasive objective culture in modern society. Adopting an anthropological approach in representing local ways of living, these comics attempt to map an identity of Hong Kong in a way that is free from confusing influences of her postcolonial history, her political subordination to China and the global capitalist forces. The artists of independent comics embrace the essence of local culture by focusing on space and cultural memory and thereby rediscovering the truth and characteristics of life in Hong Kong. As a form of popular cultural text, Hong Kong independent comics package the local identity and history into fashionable goods for cultural consumption. Together with this, the articulation of a shared past creates forces of cohesion that binds the community together and offers a way for the people to negotiate their identity. / published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

prepared by Chu Yan-kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-145). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.iii-iv / List of Tables and Figures --- p.vii-ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.x / Abstract --- p.xi-xiv / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1-39 / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope and Purpose --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.3-18 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Public Budgeting Researches in Hong Kong --- p.3-4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- On-Hand Budgeting Theories --- p.5-12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Neo-Institutional Approach --- p.13-18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptualization --- p.19-27 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Premises of the Explanatory Model --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Rationale of the Model --- p.20-27 / Chapter 1.4 --- Operationalization --- p.28-36 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Working Definitions --- p.28-29 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Operationalization of the Research --- p.29-32 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Indicators and Hypotheses --- p.32-34 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Methodology --- p.35-36 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Research --- p.37 / Notes --- p.38-39 / Chapter Chapter Two： --- The Background --- p.40-69 / Chapter 2.1 --- Characteristics of the Colonial Public Finance System & Marco-Economic Context for the Public Finance System --- p.40-47 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Revenue Aspect of the Public Finance System --- p.40-41 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Expenditure Aspect of the Public Finance System 42- --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2 --- Macro Economic Context for the Two Institutional Levels from the 1970s to the 1990s --- p.48-53 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Financially Non-Stringent & Stringent Periods for the First Level Institutions --- p.48-50 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Non-Hostile & Hostile Periods for the Second Level Institutions --- p.51-53 / Chapter 2.3 --- Composition and Characteristics of the Actors in the Two Institutional Levels --- p.54-59 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Actors in the First Level Institutions and the Second Level Institutions --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Superior Position of the Policy A ctors / the Star Chamber over the Administrative Departments in Public Finance --- p.54-59 / Chapter 2.4 --- Institutional Setting in the First Level Institutions and the Second Level Institutions --- p.59-62 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Institutional-Setting of the First Level Institutions --- p.59-61 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Institutional-Setting of the Second Level Institutions --- p.62 / Notes --- p.63-69 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Analysis of First Level Institutions --- p.70-84 / Chapter 3.1 --- Crown Land Leasing Manipulation --- p.71-75 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Official Depiction by the Policy Actors --- p.71-72 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Temporal Land Sale Patterns --- p.73-75 / Chapter 3.2 --- Manipulation on the Operation of Colonial Taxation System --- p.76-83 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Adherence of How Tax Regime --- p.76-78 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Manipulation of the Content of Tax Reform by the Policy Actors --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- "The Importance of Indirect Tax, Fees & Charges and Fund Recovery in Government Revenue Extraction" --- p.80-83 / Notes --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Analysis of Second Level Institutions --- p.85-114 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Budget Patterns of the Delivery Agency, the Regulatory Agency & the Delivery / Trading Agency" --- p.87-96 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Budget Patterns of the Delivery Agency 一 LD --- p.87-89 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Budget Patterns of the Regulatory Agencies ´ؤ TDD and PD --- p.90-92 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Budget Patterns of the Delivery / Trading Agency - HA &HD --- p.93-96 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Budget Patterns of the Taxing Agencies - FR, IRD, R&V, TR and AD" --- p.97-102 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Budget Patterns f or the Transfer/Regulatory Agency, the Servicing Agency and the Trading Agency" --- p.103-112 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Budget Patterns of the Regulatory / Transfer Agencies - PELB & WB, TB and HB" --- p.103-105 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Budget Patterns of the Servicing Agency - HRD --- p.106-107 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Budget Patterns of the Trading Agency - LDC --- p.108-112 / Notes --- p.113-114 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusion & Discussion --- p.115-120 / Appendices --- p.121-124 / Chapter I. --- Profile of Interviewees --- p.121 / Chapter II. --- Interview Questions for the Land & Housing Administrative Departments --- p.122 / Chapter III. --- Interview Questions for Finance Committee of the LegCo --- p.123 / Chapter IV. --- Interview Questions for the Housing Branch --- p.124 / References --- p.125-145 / Chapter A. --- "Economy, Society and Politics of Hong Kong" --- p.125-128 / Chapter B. --- Government Document and Interview Material --- p.129-132 / Chapter C. --- Local Budgetary Researches and Local Public Finance Material --- p.133-137 / Chapter D. --- Budgetary Theories and Neo-Institutionalism --- p.138-145

鄭玲玲. / "2003年8月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2003. / 參考文獻 (leaves 156-163). / 附中英文摘要. / "2003 nian 8 yue". / Zheng Lingling. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2003. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 156-163). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 --- p.1-11 / Chapter 第二章 --- 殖民政府在港島北部建城的原因 / Chapter 第一節 --- 地理因素 --- p.12-17 / Chapter 第二節 --- 軍政需要 --- p.17-20 / Chapter 第三節 --- 港島北部交通孔道的建立 --- p.20-26 / Chapter 第四節 --- 開埠初期港島開發的困難 --- p.26-29 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 華洋社區交通系統的建立 / Chapter 第一節 --- 洋商貿易增長與中區碼頭擴建 --- p.30-34 / Chapter 第二節 --- 人口激增與城市擴展 --- p.34-41 / Chapter 第三節 --- 洋商與政府角力一香港早期塡海計劃 --- p.41-43 / Chapter 第四節 --- 從衝突到合作一 1899年中區塡海計劃的落實 --- p.43-47 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四章 --- 鼠疫後重建太平山區的意義 / Chapter 第一節 --- 華人社區道路的分佈特色 --- p.49-53 / Chapter 第二節 --- 鼠疫期間太平山區的情況 --- p.53-55 / Chapter 第三節 --- 鼠疫後的重建工作 --- p.56-68 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.69 / Chapter 第五章 --- 港島交通工具的興起與發展 / Chapter 第一節 --- 轎車、人力車和馬車 --- p.69-77 / Chapter 第二節 --- 洋人社區與山頂纜車 --- p.78-83 / Chapter 第三節 --- 20世紀貫通港島的電車投入服務 --- p.84-47 / Chapter 第四節 --- 港島公共汽車的引入和普及 --- p.87-89 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.89-90 / Chapter 第六章 --- 九龍半島交通網絡的建立 / Chapter 第一節 --- 1860年前九龍半島發展的槪況 --- p.91-94 / Chapter 第二節 --- 殖民政府與軍部角力一十九世紀中葉九龍半島的發展 --- p.94-104 / Chapter 第三節 --- 二十世紀九龍半島迅速發展的原因 --- p.105-106 / Chapter 第四節 --- 二十世紀九龍半島的道路網絡的特色 --- p.106-114 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 第七章 --- 九龍半島的交通工具發展 / Chapter 第一節 --- 港九海上交通聯繫一小輪公司的成立 --- p.116-124 / Chapter 第二節 --- 陸上運輸網絡的建立一九廣鐵路的通車 --- p.124-131 / Chapter 第三節 --- 九龍和新界公共汽車服務 --- p.131-133 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.133-134 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結 --- p.135-140 / 附表 --- p.141-155 / 參考書目 --- p.156-163

published_or_final_version / History / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Ho Chi Sze, Grace, Poon Chun Pong, Daniel, Wong Wai Ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 163-164.

by Tang Hoi Yee, Annie. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 163-164.