High seismicity coupled with high population density creates a recipe for high seismic risk in Taiwan. Taiwan is located at the convergences of the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. These convergences result in the development of an accretionary wedge. A basal decollemont bounds the NE-SW trending thrust packages. The most Eastern thrust package, the Central Range, experiences high erosion rates and exhumation rates which may induce high seismicity. Paleoseismic indicators improve the ancient seismic history and may aid in the constraint of geologic processes of an accretionary wedge. Pseudotachylytes, known as earthquake fossils, form by frictional melting during seismic slip. Cataclasites form by comminution during sliding. Frictional melts serve as a window to the fault plane. Pseudotachylytes may allow for the assessment of focal parameters through the utilization of fault plane geometry and slip surface properties. This study provides the first microstructural evidence for fault pseudotachylytes at the Hoping River locality in Eastern Taiwan. The 3.3 Ma Hoping River frictional melt evidences an ancient Mw 6.4 ±0.40 earthquake. This pseudotachylyte demonstrates an oblique fault with a reverse component which corresponds to the orientation of the thrust packages in the accretionary wedge. Sense of slip of both pseudotachylytes and cataclasites suggest a uniform stress field. Narrow fault cores suggest high strain localization. Coeval pseudotachylyte and quartz-calcite veins suggest shear heating as a mechanism, if a fluid reservoir along the basal decollemont in Taiwan exists.

Le phénomène d’intérêt de la présente étude était l’expérience vivante (living) de santé continuer dans les moments difficiles. Tout en étant un phénomène courant au point d’être universellement vécue, cette expérience n’a pas fait l’objet d’une attention par les praticiens et par les chercheurs. Lorsque questionnés sur le sujet, les praticiens dans le domaine de la santé reconnaissent l’importance et la pertinence du phénomène tout en avouant ne pas avoir de connaissances et ne pas échanger sur le sujet avec leurs patients ou d’autres, dont les membres des familles. Spontanément, l’expérience de continuer dans les moments difficiles évoque la persévérance dans des moments difficiles qui sont souffrants, tout en espérant le meilleur possible qui soit. Les premières observations sur des expériences qui se rapprochent du phénomène à l’étude sont présentées dans des études portant sur les concepts apparentés de persévérance, souffrance et espérance. Le but de cette étude était de dégager la structure des significations de l’expérience vivante de continuer dans les moments difficiles à partir de l’expérience de personnes qui ont décrit le phénomène et ce, afin d’en améliorer la compréhension. La présente étude se veut une contribution au développement de connaissances utiles aux professionnels qui souhaitent satisfaire les attentes exprimées par les personnes en matière de présence attentive au vécu avec leur santé. Ils peuvent ainsi favoriser la promotion des soins centrés sur la personne alors que celle-ci cherche à clarifier sa situation et à mobiliser ses ressources pour prendre des décisions et réaliser des activités au sujet de sa santé. La méthode de recherche Parse, qui est phénoménologique-herméneutique, a été utilisée pour répondre à la question de recherche : Quelle est la structure de l’expérience vivante de continuer dans les moments difficiles? Douze adultes vivant dans deux régions du Québec au Canada ont participé à cette étude. Les données ont été recueillies par engagement dialogique et ont été analysées avec les processus d’extraction-synthèse. Les résultats sont décrits à partir des verbatim synthétisés jusqu’à une abstraction conceptuelle au niveau de l’ontologie choisie. Des concepts centraux ont été proposés et joints en une structure afin de répondre à la question de recherche. Le résultat central de cette étude est la structure suivante : continuer dans les moments difficiles, c’est la fortitude résolue au sein des vicissitudes avec la quête équivoque du contentement alors qu’émerge un horizon élargi avec des alliances bienveillantes. Cette structure a été jointe à l’ontologie de l’Humaindevenant et aux écrits empiriques et autres. L’interprétation heuristique comprend des émergeants métaphoriques et une expression artistique qui offrent un point de vue différent sur les résultats. À travers des formes d’art, les résultats sont partagés avec tous les publics. Cette étude contribue aux connaissances en sciences infirmières, étend la portée de l’ontologie choisie et améliore la compréhension au sujet de continuer dans les moments difficiles, en la reconnaissant comme une expérience vivante universelle de santé alors que les personnes souhaitent entrevoir une ouverture aux possibles avec leur santé et leur qualité de vie. Enfin, les implications pour la recherche, pour la formation et pour la pratique infirmière sont présentées. / The purpose of this study was to enhance understanding of the living experience of health, continuing on during difficult times. While it is an everyday phenomenon that is universally experienced, it has not been under the attention of health practitioners and researchers. When inquired about this topic, health practitioners are recognizing the phenomenon’s significance and relevance while acknowledging a lack of knowledge and being silent about it when they are with their patients or others, such as family members. Spontaneously, the experience of continuing on during difficult times is reminiscent of persevering on during difficult times that make us suffer, while hoping for whatever could be the best possible. The first observations of experiences that are close to the phenomenon under study appeared in/were introduced in studies about persevering, suffering and, hoping. This study’s objective was to uncover the structure of meaning for the living experience of continuing on during difficult times, from the experience of persons who described it. This current study is a contribution to the development of a knowledge base that can be useful for health practitioners who wish to meet the persons’ expectations related to an attentive presence to their living experience of health. Hence, health practitioners may foster health promotion that is patient centered while the latter is seeking the clarification of his/her situation and mobilizing his/her resources in order to make decisions and implement health related activities. Parse’s phenomenological-hermeneutic research method was used to answer the research question : What is the structure of the living experience of continuing on during difficult times? Twelve adults living in two regions of Québec in Canada took part in the study. Data were collected through dialogical engagement and analysed through the extraction-synthesis processes. The descriptions of results came from the synthesized verbatim and up to the conceptual abstraction in the chosen ontology. Core concepts were identified and joined in a structure in order to answer the research question. The central result of this study is the following structure: continuing on during difficult times is the resolute fortitude amid vicissitudes with the equivoqual quest for contentment as an expanded horizon is emerging with benevolent alliances. This structure was joined to the humanbecoming ontology and extant literature. The heuristic interpretation includes some metaphorical emergings and an artistic expression that offer a different point of view on the results. Through artform, the results can be shared with all audiences. This study is contributing to nursing knowledge, expanding the chosen ontology, and enhancing the understanding about continuing on during difficult times. The latter phenomenon may be acknowledged as a universal living experience of health as persons are wishing to foresee overtures with possibles for their health and quality of life. Finally, implications for research, for education and for nursing practice are presented.

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From a feminist theology of praxis the appreciative inquiry used in this research reflected on the constituting role the living of values by facilitators play in transforming the lives of children who suffer the effects of poverty, neglect and abuse. The concretisation or the living of values within the school community linked with the theme of solidarity with the marginalised. The facilitators' solidarity with children as "concrete others" became ways of doing participatory ethics. As part of a postmodern paradigm, a social constructionist discourse made it possible for therapist-researcher and participants to view the facilitators' work and the research itself as part of a relational process. Appreciative inquiry invited a reflective stance towards action, relating and personal knowledge. The research also reflected on poststructuralist theory and practice, and the power of imagination and language to re-describe of the work of facilitators. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology, with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

From a feminist theology of praxis the appreciative inquiry used in this research reflected on the constituting role the living of values by facilitators play in transforming the lives of children who suffer the effects of poverty, neglect and abuse. The concretisation or the living of values within the school community linked with the theme of solidarity with the marginalised. The facilitators' solidarity with children as "concrete others" became ways of doing participatory ethics. As part of a postmodern paradigm, a social constructionist discourse made it possible for therapist-researcher and participants to view the facilitators' work and the research itself as part of a relational process. Appreciative inquiry invited a reflective stance towards action, relating and personal knowledge. The research also reflected on poststructuralist theory and practice, and the power of imagination and language to re-describe of the work of facilitators. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology, with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)