Orientador: Paulo Jose Rocha de Albuquerque / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zammataro_BrunoBraz_M.pdf: 5071414 bytes, checksum: 81ca663defad90551f9f175888acb63f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o comportamento de estacas tipo escavada e hélice contínua, submetidas a prova de carga estática horizontal. Estes elementos encontram-se instalados no Campo Experimental da Feagri, Unicamp, cujo perfil compõe-se de solo estratificado predominantemente argiloso, porém com comportamento de arenoso. Como objetivo principal, obtiveram-se valores de nh, para um intervalo escolhido e através de valores de deslocamento horizontal e carga aplicada. Além disso, obtiveram-se, para diversos métodos, valores de carga de ruptura e carga admissível horizontal, verificando sua validade / Abstract: The behavior of bored and continuous flight auger piles was studied, under static horizontal load. These elements are installed in the Feagri Experimental Field, at the Unicamp campus, with a soil section profile which is predominantly stratified clay, but behaving as sandy soil. The main objective was to obtain values for nh,for a chosen interval and through values of horizontal displacement and applied load. Besides this, for various methods, values were obtained for horizontal loading at rupture and safe loading, verifying their validity / Mestrado / Geotecnia / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

As obras de engenharia atuais envolvem unidades estruturais de grande porte cujo projeto e execução devem ser cuidadosamente observados. Devido à complexidade das cargas e solicitações estruturais, as metodologias de projeto devem atender a necessidades específicas. A variabilidade geotécnica associada à diversidade de carregamentos, impõe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de metodologias aplicadas especificamente a projetos de fundações que serão sujeitas a carregamentos laterais, tais como pontes, obras portuárias, torres de linhas de transmissão, aerogeradores (onshore e offshore) e plataformas (offshore e nearshore) de exploração de petróleo e gás natural. Existem alguns métodos relatados na literatura geotécnica para projeto de fundações submetidas a esforços horizontais. Nenhum destes métodos considera uma solução baseada no simples reforço, através de técnicas de cimentação, dos solos na sua camada superficial, radial à estaca. Dessa forma, procura-se na presente pesquisa estudar o comportamento de fundações profundas com reforço do solo na sua camada superficial, sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. São apresentadas diretrizes de projeto, estabelecendo-se ainda um modelo de previsão da capacidade de carga de fundações profundas submetidas a este tipo de carregamentos. Ensaios em campo experimental e simulações numéricas tridimensionais, usando o Método dos Elementos Finitos foram realizados, por forma a se obter uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de estacas carregadas lateralmente. Considerando o diâmetro da estaca (D) e a sua profundidade (L), no campo experimental, foram definidas razões L/D representando o comportamento de estacas rígidas e flexíveis. Diversos ensaios de carregamento horizontal foram realizados para estas relações L/D, em solo natural e com solo melhorado radial às estacas. As análises numéricas consistiram numa análise paramétrica onde foram variados parâmetros geométricos (da estaca e do solo tratado) e geotécnicos, necessários à caracterização dos materiais no modelo utilizado, o de Mohr-Coulomb. O modelo de previsão proposto foi obtido com base na análise dos resultados de simulações numéricas usando o software ABAQUS®, validados com provas de cargas no campo experimental. É também de salientar que nesta pesquisa apenas será considerada a ruptura geotécnica, pelo que é assumido que as estacas têm comportamento elástico. Do estudo realizado pode-se concluir que o uso de uma camada superficial de solo tratado radial à estaca melhora significativamente o desempenho do sistema, aumentando a sua capacidade de carga e diminuindo a sua deformação, mostrando ser uma ótima e promissora alternativa para fundações profundas sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. / Current engineering works typically envolve large structural units whose design and implementation should be closely observed. Due to the complexity of the loads and structural needs, the design methodologies should comply specific requirements. The geotechnical variability combined with the loads diversity imposes the need to develop methodologies applied specifically to projects whose foundations will be laterally loaded, like bridges, harbors, transmission line towers, onshore and offshore wind turbines, among others. There are several methods reported in geotechnical literature to design piles that will be subjected to horizontal loads. However, none of these methods consider a solution based on a simple soil reinforcement using cementation techniques, in a superficial layer, radial to pile. The main goal of this research is to study the behavior of deep foundations with a reinforced soil system, subjected to lateral loads. Design guidelines are presented, leading to a model that predicts the ultimate load capacity of deep foundations subjected to these types of efforts. Field tests and tridimensional numerical simulations using the Finite Element Method were performed in order to achieve a better understanding of the behaviour of laterally loaded piles. Considering the pile diameter (D) and its depth (L), different L/D ratio were defined, corresponding to rigid and flexible piles. Using these L/D ratios, in both natural and reinforced soils, numerical and field tests were performed to provide experimental evidences of its behaviour. Numerical tests consisted in a parametric analysis where different geometric (pile and treated soil) and geotechnical parameters, necessaries to the Mohr-Coulomb model, have been modified. The proposed prediction model is based on the analysis of the numerical simulations results, using ABAQUS® software, validated with the field tests. It is important to point that in this study only geotechnical rupture is considered. Therefore it is assumed that piles have elastic behaviour. Has been concluded that the use of a superficial treated layer, radial to pile, considerably improves the system performance, increasing the lateral load capacity and decreasing their deformation, showing that this technique could be a promising solution to deep foundations subjected to horizontal loads.

As obras de engenharia atuais envolvem unidades estruturais de grande porte cujo projeto e execução devem ser cuidadosamente observados. Devido à complexidade das cargas e solicitações estruturais, as metodologias de projeto devem atender a necessidades específicas. A variabilidade geotécnica associada à diversidade de carregamentos, impõe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de metodologias aplicadas especificamente a projetos de fundações que serão sujeitas a carregamentos laterais, tais como pontes, obras portuárias, torres de linhas de transmissão, aerogeradores (onshore e offshore) e plataformas (offshore e nearshore) de exploração de petróleo e gás natural. Existem alguns métodos relatados na literatura geotécnica para projeto de fundações submetidas a esforços horizontais. Nenhum destes métodos considera uma solução baseada no simples reforço, através de técnicas de cimentação, dos solos na sua camada superficial, radial à estaca. Dessa forma, procura-se na presente pesquisa estudar o comportamento de fundações profundas com reforço do solo na sua camada superficial, sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. São apresentadas diretrizes de projeto, estabelecendo-se ainda um modelo de previsão da capacidade de carga de fundações profundas submetidas a este tipo de carregamentos. Ensaios em campo experimental e simulações numéricas tridimensionais, usando o Método dos Elementos Finitos foram realizados, por forma a se obter uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de estacas carregadas lateralmente. Considerando o diâmetro da estaca (D) e a sua profundidade (L), no campo experimental, foram definidas razões L/D representando o comportamento de estacas rígidas e flexíveis. Diversos ensaios de carregamento horizontal foram realizados para estas relações L/D, em solo natural e com solo melhorado radial às estacas. As análises numéricas consistiram numa análise paramétrica onde foram variados parâmetros geométricos (da estaca e do solo tratado) e geotécnicos, necessários à caracterização dos materiais no modelo utilizado, o de Mohr-Coulomb. O modelo de previsão proposto foi obtido com base na análise dos resultados de simulações numéricas usando o software ABAQUS®, validados com provas de cargas no campo experimental. É também de salientar que nesta pesquisa apenas será considerada a ruptura geotécnica, pelo que é assumido que as estacas têm comportamento elástico. Do estudo realizado pode-se concluir que o uso de uma camada superficial de solo tratado radial à estaca melhora significativamente o desempenho do sistema, aumentando a sua capacidade de carga e diminuindo a sua deformação, mostrando ser uma ótima e promissora alternativa para fundações profundas sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. / Current engineering works typically envolve large structural units whose design and implementation should be closely observed. Due to the complexity of the loads and structural needs, the design methodologies should comply specific requirements. The geotechnical variability combined with the loads diversity imposes the need to develop methodologies applied specifically to projects whose foundations will be laterally loaded, like bridges, harbors, transmission line towers, onshore and offshore wind turbines, among others. There are several methods reported in geotechnical literature to design piles that will be subjected to horizontal loads. However, none of these methods consider a solution based on a simple soil reinforcement using cementation techniques, in a superficial layer, radial to pile. The main goal of this research is to study the behavior of deep foundations with a reinforced soil system, subjected to lateral loads. Design guidelines are presented, leading to a model that predicts the ultimate load capacity of deep foundations subjected to these types of efforts. Field tests and tridimensional numerical simulations using the Finite Element Method were performed in order to achieve a better understanding of the behaviour of laterally loaded piles. Considering the pile diameter (D) and its depth (L), different L/D ratio were defined, corresponding to rigid and flexible piles. Using these L/D ratios, in both natural and reinforced soils, numerical and field tests were performed to provide experimental evidences of its behaviour. Numerical tests consisted in a parametric analysis where different geometric (pile and treated soil) and geotechnical parameters, necessaries to the Mohr-Coulomb model, have been modified. The proposed prediction model is based on the analysis of the numerical simulations results, using ABAQUS® software, validated with the field tests. It is important to point that in this study only geotechnical rupture is considered. Therefore it is assumed that piles have elastic behaviour. Has been concluded that the use of a superficial treated layer, radial to pile, considerably improves the system performance, increasing the lateral load capacity and decreasing their deformation, showing that this technique could be a promising solution to deep foundations subjected to horizontal loads.

As obras de engenharia atuais envolvem unidades estruturais de grande porte cujo projeto e execução devem ser cuidadosamente observados. Devido à complexidade das cargas e solicitações estruturais, as metodologias de projeto devem atender a necessidades específicas. A variabilidade geotécnica associada à diversidade de carregamentos, impõe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de metodologias aplicadas especificamente a projetos de fundações que serão sujeitas a carregamentos laterais, tais como pontes, obras portuárias, torres de linhas de transmissão, aerogeradores (onshore e offshore) e plataformas (offshore e nearshore) de exploração de petróleo e gás natural. Existem alguns métodos relatados na literatura geotécnica para projeto de fundações submetidas a esforços horizontais. Nenhum destes métodos considera uma solução baseada no simples reforço, através de técnicas de cimentação, dos solos na sua camada superficial, radial à estaca. Dessa forma, procura-se na presente pesquisa estudar o comportamento de fundações profundas com reforço do solo na sua camada superficial, sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. São apresentadas diretrizes de projeto, estabelecendo-se ainda um modelo de previsão da capacidade de carga de fundações profundas submetidas a este tipo de carregamentos. Ensaios em campo experimental e simulações numéricas tridimensionais, usando o Método dos Elementos Finitos foram realizados, por forma a se obter uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de estacas carregadas lateralmente. Considerando o diâmetro da estaca (D) e a sua profundidade (L), no campo experimental, foram definidas razões L/D representando o comportamento de estacas rígidas e flexíveis. Diversos ensaios de carregamento horizontal foram realizados para estas relações L/D, em solo natural e com solo melhorado radial às estacas. As análises numéricas consistiram numa análise paramétrica onde foram variados parâmetros geométricos (da estaca e do solo tratado) e geotécnicos, necessários à caracterização dos materiais no modelo utilizado, o de Mohr-Coulomb. O modelo de previsão proposto foi obtido com base na análise dos resultados de simulações numéricas usando o software ABAQUS®, validados com provas de cargas no campo experimental. É também de salientar que nesta pesquisa apenas será considerada a ruptura geotécnica, pelo que é assumido que as estacas têm comportamento elástico. Do estudo realizado pode-se concluir que o uso de uma camada superficial de solo tratado radial à estaca melhora significativamente o desempenho do sistema, aumentando a sua capacidade de carga e diminuindo a sua deformação, mostrando ser uma ótima e promissora alternativa para fundações profundas sujeitas a carregamentos horizontais. / Current engineering works typically envolve large structural units whose design and implementation should be closely observed. Due to the complexity of the loads and structural needs, the design methodologies should comply specific requirements. The geotechnical variability combined with the loads diversity imposes the need to develop methodologies applied specifically to projects whose foundations will be laterally loaded, like bridges, harbors, transmission line towers, onshore and offshore wind turbines, among others. There are several methods reported in geotechnical literature to design piles that will be subjected to horizontal loads. However, none of these methods consider a solution based on a simple soil reinforcement using cementation techniques, in a superficial layer, radial to pile. The main goal of this research is to study the behavior of deep foundations with a reinforced soil system, subjected to lateral loads. Design guidelines are presented, leading to a model that predicts the ultimate load capacity of deep foundations subjected to these types of efforts. Field tests and tridimensional numerical simulations using the Finite Element Method were performed in order to achieve a better understanding of the behaviour of laterally loaded piles. Considering the pile diameter (D) and its depth (L), different L/D ratio were defined, corresponding to rigid and flexible piles. Using these L/D ratios, in both natural and reinforced soils, numerical and field tests were performed to provide experimental evidences of its behaviour. Numerical tests consisted in a parametric analysis where different geometric (pile and treated soil) and geotechnical parameters, necessaries to the Mohr-Coulomb model, have been modified. The proposed prediction model is based on the analysis of the numerical simulations results, using ABAQUS® software, validated with the field tests. It is important to point that in this study only geotechnical rupture is considered. Therefore it is assumed that piles have elastic behaviour. Has been concluded that the use of a superficial treated layer, radial to pile, considerably improves the system performance, increasing the lateral load capacity and decreasing their deformation, showing that this technique could be a promising solution to deep foundations subjected to horizontal loads.

The subject of this master’s thesis is elaboration of project documentation for a multi-functional building according to the actual standards and norms given by law. The object has four floor above the ground and one floor partly below ground level with nine flats and two commercial premises. Residential part and commercial premises are separated from each other operationally independent and accessible main entrances. The basisc are made from contrete strips. The house is made by a brick technology of a ceramic blocks. The external walls are insulated with certified contact thermal insulation system. The building is roofed with warm flat roof.

The diploma thesis deals with the technological stage of the lower structure, namely laying on piled foundations, including laying of a building pit with pilot reinforced concrete walls, and a rough top structure made of reinforced concrete walls, cores and reinforced concrete ceiling structure. The content is a technical report, solutions of wider transport relations, time and financial planning, studies of the main technological stages, equipment of the construction site of solved stages, design of the main building machines and mechanisms, technological regulations, control and test plans, safety and health protection at work, , thermal engineering assessment of selected constructions, budget, staff deployment balance, work progress scheme.

This diploma thesis deals with the preparation of the implementation of multifunctional buildings in Bratislava. These are three detached multi-storey apartment buildings connected by a joint basement. The diploma thesis includes a technical report to the construction technological project, a study of the implementation of main technological phases, solving of broader relations of transport routes with the design of supply routes, a time schedule and a financial plan of the object, a detailed time plan for the rough substructure and rough superstructure, a building site equipment project, a machine assembly design and its assessment, a technological regulation for monolithic structures, a control plan and test plan for monolithic structures, a specification of the time period of the removal of the formwork of monolithic structures, an occupational safety and health plan and selected points of the LEED certification. The thesis also includes a plan for securing resources for the rough structure with added schedules of workers, machines and building materials, a cost estimation budget of selected technological processes, a noise study, and a financial analysis of the expected investment profit.

Theme of the diploma thesis is a construction technology project extension of the building of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic in Brno. The content of the diploma thesis is the study of the main technological stages of the main building, solution of wider transport relations with a focus on building supply, objects schedule, time schedule of the main building. The work also includes the project of construction site equipment, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms, technological regulations for special foundations and rough construction, which are supplemented by control and test plans and a plan for securing material resources. As part of other assignments, As part of other assignments, I process occupational health and safety, ecology and environmental protection for selected construction processes, itemized budget for special foundation and rough construction

The content of the diploma thesis is the processing of a constructive technological project of a business incubator. The objective of this constructive technological project is to approach the construction process in the framework of the study of the implementation of the main technological stages, which closely follows the project of the site construction equipment with suitable layout of its construction, as well as the design of suitable machinery mechanisms for realization of the main building. Part of the project is also to determine the timeliness of work, financial and material management, and technological regulations for implement selected activities, taking into account the quality control and planning of their implementation. The whole construction process is completed in the final part of the diploma thesis on the solution of the occupational health and safety issues.

The diploma thesis deals with the lower and upper rough building of a apartment building. It includes a technical report, broader transport routes, a study of the implementation of the main technological stages, a technical report of the construction site equipment, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, a plan for providing material resources for a reinforced concrete ceiling, a technological regulation for the rough bottom and top structure, work and monolithic constructions, gross building budget, risk plan and their measures, statement of the dimension and network graph for finishing works, thermal technical assessment of external structures, drawing of site equipment, situation, original state of the land and ramp diagram. It also contains time and financial plan of the building, schedule of the main building, schedule of construction and disposal of construction site equipment and balance of machines and workers.