Orientador: Regina Marta Evangelista / Banca: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Banca: Veridiana Zocoler de Mendonça / Resumo: As brássicas são hortaliças de importante valor econômico, bem como boa fonte de minerais, vitaminas e de substâncias com propriedades anticarcinogênicas. O romanesco é uma hortaliça herbácea, com anatomia muito parecida à de brócolis e couve-flor, sendo mais tenra que a couve-flor. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade do uso de atmosfera modificada passiva na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita do romanesco através das avaliações físico-químicas dos mesmos, mantidos sob refrigeração. No segundo, faz-se uma comparação entre as brássicas: romanesco, couve-de-folha, couve-flor, brócolis ramoso e brócolis de inflorescência única. No primeiro experimento foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: armazenamento em bandeja de poliestireno expandido sem filme; T2: armazenamento em bandeja de poliestireno expandido recoberta com filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC); T3: armazenamento em filme plástico de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 0,6µ; T4: armazenamento em filme plástico de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 0,8µ. Após a realização dos tratamentos os romanescos foram armazenados em câmara fria a temperatura de 5 ± 1 °C e UR entre 80 ± 5 % durante 16 dias, sendo avaliados de quatro em quatro dias. Utilizaram-se seis repetições por tratamento. Neste experimento foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações físico-químicas: teores de macronutrientes das folhas e inflorescências, perda de massa, sólidos solúveis, potenci... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract:he brassicas are vegetables of important economic value, as well as good source of minerals, vitamins and substances with anticarcinogenic properties. The romanesco is an herbaceous vegetable, with anatomy very similar to that of broccoli and cauliflower, being tenderer than cauliflower. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, the objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of passive modified atmosphere in the maintenance of post-harvest quality of the romanesco through the physical-chemical evaluations of the same, kept under refrigeration. In the second, a comparison is made between the brassicas: romanesco, cabbage leaf, cauliflower, branchy broccoli, and single inflorescence broccoli. In the first experiment the following treatments were performed: T1: tray storage of expanded polystyrene without film; T2: tray storage of expanded polystyrene coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film; T3: storage of low density polyethylene (LDPE) film of 0.6μ; T4: low density polyethylene plastic film (LDPE) of 0.8μ. After the treatments, the romanescos were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ° C and RH at 80 ± 5% for 16 days and evaluated every four days. Six replicates were used per treatment. In this experiment the following physical and chemical evaluations were performed: macronutrient contents of leaves and inflorescences, loss of mass, soluble solids, hydrogenation potential (pH), titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin and carotenoids. In the second experiment the physical-chemical characteristics were evaluated: number of leaves per plant; mass of fresh leaf matter; mass of fresh inflorescence matter; (pH), titratable acidity, ascorbic acid (except leaf kale), chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin, carotenoids, reducing sugars, crude protein, ash, moisture, lipids and crude fiber. A variance analysis was performed, Tukey's ... / Mestre

The mineral nutrient density of vegetables has fallen in the past fifty years. As a result, some people are suffering chronic diseases due to shortage of mineral elements in these foods. The causes of this decline in nutritive value of vegetables have been attributed to a depletion of soil fertility and to a decrease in nutrient concentration in modern cultivars of vegetables. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most widely used leafy vegetable around the world. Research is needed to develop a nutrient content of lettuce that was help to supply adequate mineral nutrition to people. The objectives of the study are to determine if the mineral nutrient densities of lettuce can be increased through cultivar selection and soil fertility practices and to assess genetic diversity of the selected cultivars with use of molecular markers. This experiment was conducted with lettuce grown in organic and conventional fertility management practices in a greenhouse and in field sites. Butterhead, Romaine, and Loose-leaf phenotypes were selected in Heritage and Modern groups of lettuce. Eighteen lettuce cultivars were used from among three phenotypic groups with half of the varieties being Heritage and half being Modern cultivars. Commercial organic and water-soluble nutrient solutions (including Hoagland No. 1 Solution and 20-10-20 Peat Lite) were used in the greenhouse experiments. In the field, compost, organic, and conventional fertility regimes were used. Molecular diversity tested phenotypes and cultivars of lettuce through use of EST-SSRs markers. Growth parameters of height and fresh and dry weights were reported for the experiment. Elemental analysis of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were conducted by ICP spectrophotometry. Generally, no differences or only small differences in nutrient accumulation were noted between Heritage and Modern cultivars in the greenhouse or field. Differences among phenotypes were small with somewhat higher accumulations of nutrients occurring with the Loose-leaf and Romaine cultivars than with the Butterhead cultivars. However, large differences in nutrient accumulation occurred among cultivars. 'Red Deer Tongue', 'Forellenschluss', 'Winter Density', 'Coastal Star', 'Simpson Black-Seeded', and 'Tom Thumb' were high in P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn contents. 'Two Star, 'Tropicana', 'Red Rosie', 'Simpson Elite', 'Focea', and 'Claremont' were low in these elements. Overall, in the field, the conventional fertility regime showed higher produce yield than compost or organic fertility regimes. Modern and Loose-leaf types of lettuce showed higher weight yields than Heritage or Butterhead varieties. In the greenhouse, higher elemental accumulation occurred in conventional organic and Hoagland no. 1 fertility regimes than with a conventional fertilizer (20-10-20 Peat Lite), and accumulation was higher in Loose-leaf and Romaine lettuce than in Butterhead cultivars. In molecular assessment, higher heterozygosity was observed in Loose-leaf than in Romaine or Butterhead types. These studies allowed assessments of cultivars and management of conventional fertilizers on the accumulation of nutrients in lettuce and determination of genetic diversity. It is clear that varietal differences occur among cultivars of lettuce and that accumulation of nutrients can be controlled by management of the fertility regimes. Organic and conventional management might be equally effective as long as adequate plant nutrition is provided by each regime.

Investigations on chemical thinning of peaches by use of blossom and post blossom sprays have been in progress since the last decade mainly in the United States, Canada, and some European countries. Horticulturists are attempting to find new means to minimize the expense of hand thinning. The high cost of the hand thinning operation has caused many growers to underestimate the importance of this practice, and as a result their orchards have fallen into the biennial bearing habit. In addition, the fruit from un-thinned orchards was not acceptable on the market since it was small in size, lacked color, and often was infected with insects and diseases because of its hanging in close clusters on the trees.

High tunnels have been used successfully in many areas of the world to extend the growing season for numerous crops. However, very little research has been conducted to evaluate the season extension benefits offered by high tunnels to small fruit crops in high elevation growing areas such as the Intermountain West region of the United States. The use of high tunnels was investigated in North Logan, Utah (41.766 N latitude, 1405 m elevation, 119 freeze free days) to extend the growing season for both strawberries and raspberries. June-bearing `Chandler' strawberries in a fall-planted annual hill system were evaluated for early season production. High tunnels advanced spring strawberry production by approximately 3 weeks compared to field-grown plants. High tunnels were used for earlier planting and growth in a spring-planted day-neutral strawberry system. Day-neutral cultivars (`Albion', `Seascape', `Evie 2', and `Tribute') produced strawberries throughout the summer and into the fall with significantly higher yields from the high tunnel treatments than the field-grown plants. High tunnels also extended late-season strawberry production until mid-December. The floricane-fruiting red raspberry `Tulameen' was evaluated for early season production, and primocane-fruiting `Caroline' was evaluated for late season extension. High tunnels were unable to provide sufficient winter protection for the cold-tender `Tulameen' at this location. Results from late season extension indicated that high tunnels could extend late season raspberry production by as much as three weeks. However, peak yields for `Caroline' were before the first fall frost, and a later fruiting cultivar would be more suitable. In addition to research results, this thesis contains chapters on practical management considerations for commercial producers, and enterprise budgets to assist in evaluating the economic costs and returns of high tunnel strawberry and raspberry production.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 J65 / Master of Science

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Med tanke på stadsträdens stora betydelse för människan i både miljömässiga och hälsomässiga aspekter, har denna studie i syfte att utforska lämpliga stadsträdsarter/sorter med fokus på att förebygga för dagens och framtidens sjukdomsepidemier. Gävle ligger till grund för denna studie då det är av intresse att se vad som lämpar sig lite högre upp i Sverige, zon 4. Denna litteraturstudie bygger på vetenskapliga artiklar, andra litterära skrifter och samtalsreferenser med inom branschen kunniga personer och dessa frågor har varit i fokus. *Hur ser stadsträdspopulationen ut i Gävle idag? *Hur väljer man nya stadsträd utifrån dagens och framtidens sjukdomsbild? *Vilka parkträd och gatuträd lämpar sig vid nyplantering i Gävle i syfte att öka mångfalden? I Gävle har man tidigare likt många andra kommuner planterat stadsträd efter rådande trender. Detta har resulterat i en överrepresentation av trädsläkterna lind, oxel och lönn. Invasiva sjukdomar, liknande askskotssjukan och almsjukan, kan slå ut stora delar av stadsträdspopulationen. Mångfald är av stor vikt i detta hänseende. Stadsträdpopulationen bör ej överstiga mer än 10 % av en art, 20 % av en släkt eller mer än 30 % av en familj. Det har framkommit två vikta riktlinjer vid val av stadsträd: *Få ökad kunskap om vilka förhållanden som råder i stadsklimatet och öka erfarenheten kring vilka arter som trivs i dessa förhållanden. *Utöka befintliga trädpopulationen genom att inhämta mer kunskap och våga prova nya och/eller oprövade trädslag. Rekommendationer av såväl gatuträd som pakträd i både zon 3 och zon 4 har presenterats i rapporten. Intresseväckande är att det framkommit både arter/sorter som förekommer hos plantskolor idag men även trädarter/sorter som inte introducerats än. / Considering urban trees importance for humans in both environmental and health aspects, this study aimed to explore appropriate urban tree species and varieties with a focus on prevention for current and future epidemics. The basis for this study is Gävle. It is of interest to see what suited a little further north in Sweden, zone 4. This literature survey is based on scientific articles, other literary writings and conversations references with industry expertise and these issues have been the focus. * How does the city tree population looks in Gävle today? * How to choose the new urban trees based on current and future disease epidemics? * What park trees and street trees are suitable for planting in Gävle in order to increase diversity? Gävle has previously, like many other municipalities, planted trees prevailing on trends. This has resulted in an over-representation of the tree genera Tilia, Sorbus and Acer. Invasive disease similar to Ash dieback and Dutch elm disease can knock out large parts of the urban tree population caused by monoculture. Diversity is of great importance in this regard. City tree population should not exceed more than 10% of a species, 20% of a family or more than 30% of a family. It has been a two folded guidelines in the selection of urban trees: * Get a better understanding of the prevailing conditions in the urban environment and to enhance the experience on which species thrive in these conditions. * Expand the existing tree population by gathering more knowledge and dare to try new and / or untested species. Recommendations of street trees and park trees in both zone 3 and zone 4 are presented in the report. Interestingly, it emerged both species / varieties that occur in nurseries today but also tree species / varieties that have not yet been introduced.