The primary/objective of this study was to develop a framework for identification of political environmental issues faced by multinational hotel chains in newly industrialized countries in Asia. To accomplish the objective, key factors having an impact upon these hotel chains were identified using the Delphi Technique. This study was conducted with participation of multinational hotel chain executives and general managers, trade association executives, government tourism officials, hospitality management educators, and industry lawyers. Five Asian countries including Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand were selected as a sample for newly industrialized countries. Key factors in the political environment were identified under four categories: law and regulation, administrative, judicial, and lobbying, based on the classification scheme of the Trends Database developed by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and state University. A professional panel of 17 members identified 93 key factors for each category in the first round of Delphi. In the second round panel members rated the level of influence of these identified factors using a five point Likert-type scale (5 = very influential, 1 = not influential), and reexamined their ratings in the final round to reach an agreement. All key factors receiving a total of two-thirds of the panel members' votes in the very influential, moderately influential and average influence categories were included in the framework. Finally, a total of 58 factors were agreed to be included in the framework: 26 in the law and regulation category, 14 in administrative, 10 in judicial, and 8 in lobbying categories. / Ph. D.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Coopetition is the simultaneous cooperation and competition amongst competitors (Gnyawali & Madhaven, 2001); the objective being mutually beneficial results (Oxford, 2012). It is a fairly new concept and has not widely been applied to the hospitality industry. Most of the research that exists on this topic relates to destination marketing, cooperation or competition in tourism and hospitality; very little looks at coopetition. The current economic situation, and as its negative impact on the hospitality industry in South Africa, has provided a need to explore how hotels are able to work together in order to retain their position in the market as well as gain a competitive edge over one another and other markets. The primary objective of the research report is to contribute to coopetition theory, specifically in the hospitality industry. The study is based on research of the interaction between the network of fivestar hotels in Cape Town. It explores their relationships with one another and with other hotels in South Africa. The secondary objective is to answer a number of subordinate research questions which provide insight into the factors that promote or hinder coopetition. It considers the reasons for coopetition, the role of third parties in the relationship, the impact of geographic location on these relationships, amongst other factors. The results of the study have provided insights as to how factors internal and external to the organisations impact their willingness to cooperate with their competitors. The study determines reasons for coopetition, activities where it is present and shares the impact of the coopetitive initiatives to date. It confirms some of the existing theory and highlights areas where there is scope for future research.

Hospitality and tourism management (HTM) programmes are unique in that they usually emphasize the development of students’ industry and generic skills through means of practical and experiential learning elements. This research attempted to explore the learning experience of students in an HTM programme by comparing three different modes of curriculum delivery: 1) traditional lectures; 2) practical workshops; and 3) internship which are generally provided by local institutions. Students’ learning experiences were assessed through the examination of three indicators: 1) students’ perceptions of their learning environment (PLE); 2) learning approaches applied (LA); and 3) their perceived learning outcomes (PLO). The results showed that the existing instruments being adopted can be positively applied for assessing students’ learning in an HTM programme. Variations in students’ learning experiences were found in different modes of curriculum delivery. A significant relationship among PLE, LA and PLO was also observed which generally followed the Trigwell and Prosser’s 3P Model. The author, based on these findings, has suggested various ways to enhance the learning experience of students in HTM programmes and areas for further improvement if follow-up researches are conducted in the future. / published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Education

Extensive research on burnout in different occupational fields has taken place internationally. However, no studies on waitrons in South Africa have been performed, while this is an occupational group seemingly facing high emotional strain in interaction with customers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between burnout, coping, engagement and health in the hospitality industry. In doing so the researchers would be able to advise the industry on how they could help in preventing burnout among waitrons as well as enhancing their work engagement. A random sample using a survey design was used. The sample consisted of 150 waitrons in restaurants and coffee shops in Potchefstroom, Northwest Province. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Cybernetic Coping Scale and the General Health Questionnaire were administered. The reliability of the measuring instruments was assessed with the use of Cronbach alpha coefficients. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between burnout, coping, engagement and general health. Findings indicate that in terms of burnout, the health of waitrons is predicted by their perceptions of accomplishment, having an avoidant coping strategy or favouring symptom reduction as coping strategy. Also, the interaction of their emotional exhaustion with the coping strategy of symptom reduction, as well as their feelings of accomplishment in interaction with having an accommodative coping strategy, predicted health. Findings indicate that in terms of engagement, experiencing high levels of energy in their work, being dedicated to their work, and not having an avoidant coping strategy or avoiding addressing the symptoms of stress was related to waitrons' health. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

This research study assessed Korean students' perceptions and overall satisfaction levels regarding the effectiveness of their hospitality internship experiences. Relationships with demographic characteristics were identified. The sample was comprised of 74 senior-level university students enrolled in hospitality and/or tourism management programs who were completing an internship in Korea. Generally, students exhibited low agreement levels on the internship program aspects being investigated. Previous work experience was the most common factor influencing students' perceptions of their internship experiences. Agreement levels increased with length of prior work experience. Type of internship workplace, expectation of an employment offer, age and gender were found to influence students' perceptions of the internship experiences.

The dates chosen for the thesis encompass the development of Lundy from an isolated subsistence economy, reliant on the harvesting of sea birds and rabbits, to a small village community with increasing economic dependence on seasonal visitors. This change is considered in the context of a comparative study of small islands, and in relation to the broader context of regional and national economic and social background. These, with new researches and the re-examination of existing texts, have enabled a fuller and more accurate account of Lundy's history than has hitherto been offered. This study concludes that while many factors have shaped. Lundy's development, the most illuminating have been the geography, the nature of the ownership in its response to the island and the dynamics of change, and the effect of external factors in the last two centuries. It is also suggested that the island has been more consistently populated than was previously thought. Claims to extra-ordinary legal status for Lundy are examined, and considered to be without substance. It is found that Lundy's extra-parochial status, and exclusion from administrative processes until the mid-twentieth century, rested on its isolation and lack of importance in terms of size or the value of its resources. This lack of importance has also contributed to the present re-interpretation of island resources. The study exemplifies the proposition that understanding of local history does not rest on a sequence of documented events in one place, but upon the integration of documentary, archaeological, cartographic, photographic and artistic resources taken in the broader context of comparative studies, and a wider understanding of external historical, economic and social circumstances. The systematic cross reference of the gazetteer of the sites and monuments to the main text serves both to illuminate some parts of the history, and to provide a firm base from which future work may proceed.

Following Ajzen/Fishbein's 1980 Theory of Reasoned Action, influences of hospitality students' external variables (age, gender, university classification, and work experience) on computer attitudes, and relationships between computer attitudes and intentions to learn and use computers were tested. A sample of 412 hospitality students completed two measurements: Loyd/Gressard's 1984 Computer Attitude Scale, and Behavioral Intentions to Learn and Use Computers. Males and females had positive computer attitudes. Graduates had more positive computer attitudes. No interaction effect existed between gender and classification. No relationships existed between age and work experience on computer attitudes. Computer attitudes positively correlated with intentions to learn and use computers. Results supported the Theory of Reasoned Action. External variables partially influence attitudes and attitudes influence intentions.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management) --Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / A key focus of higher education institutions is to produce employable graduates. Many institutions now include a work-integrated learning (WIL) component in their courses, as research has shown that students exposed to WIL have a greater opportunity of finding employment after graduation. WIL has formed an integral part of the hospitality management qualifications offered by the Cape Town Hotel School (CTHS) for many years. From January 2019, the current hospitality management qualification is being replaced with a new qualification, the Diploma in Hospitality and Hotel Management (Dip.H&HM), in alignment with the new Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (HEQSF). The WIL component will remain in the new qualification under a new name, Hotel Practice, and it is necessary that the learning outcomes of the WIL subject are aligned with the day-to-day work of the WIL placement. Furthermore, it is crucial that the WIL component is assessed adequately to meet the learning outcomes of both the subject and the qualification as a whole. There has been some concern that students exposed to WIL for the qualification as presently offered are not being adequately assessed in terms of the learning outcomes of the courses they are taking. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the assessment procedures for CTHS students recently on WIL placements, and from the results, determine the most appropriate assessment tools and procedures for the assessment of the new qualification, in order to meet the learning outcomes of the subject, Hotel Practice. The population for this study were the CTHS students registered for the WIL subject in 2017, as well as the hospitality establishments in the Western Cape that accepted the CTHS students for their WIL placements. Because the population of students was small, the sample group was the whole population. The sampling technique used for selection of hospitality establishments depended on which establishments that accepted students for WIL placements in 2017. The data was collected via an online survey and all responses were anonymous. The findings showed that only half of the student sample felt that they were assessed adequately, and that a new assessment process to encourage formative assessment feedback is required. A revised assessment form would encourage the monitoring of the learning outcomes for the WIL subject. The study therefore recommends the implementation of a new assessment form for the Dip. H&HM.

Historically, vocational subjects have been a part of the Australian school curricula for 200 years. In early school curriculum the vocational aspect was considered to be related to the acquisition of manual skills such as domestic science or woodwork, rather than careers. From the 1950s to mid 1980s, vocational education, focused specifically on career and job training, was the responsibility of the technical colleges, which had been established to develop these skills. The concept of high schools targeting identified skills for the future work force, and hence becoming involved in the vocational skill development of youth, developed in the mid 1980s in Australia. Industry influence on governments to make educational decisions based on economic initiatives has increased over this time.Major growth has occurred in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in schools, with student participation rates in vocational education trebling in the past six (6) years (House of Representatives Standing Committee on Education and Training, 2004). This increase is predicted to continue as VET qualifications and the process of accreditation is improved and becomes increasingly user-friendly (Polesel, 2004). The focus on vocational education and industry needs is recognised as an economic necessity for Australia. Schools and teachers, however, need to balance the demands of industry and government with the holistic educational needs of the youth they are entrusted to teach.The school curriculum currently offers a broad range of subject choices that provide for diverse student needs. However the rapid growth of vocational education in schools has impeded effective reflective practices of current vocational programs. Vocational education is experiencing a boom due to the increasing popularity of vocational subjects. The planning and implementation of the diverse subject offerings at school level is often a response to immediate needs rather than in-depth analysis and evaluation. For this reason, it is timely for a critical analysis of the current Hospitality programs in schools to ensure currency and relevancy of content and implementation.The project was localised to one school to enable an extensive and thorough analysis of the Hospitality program. Marymount College is a co-educational Catholic College of approximately 1050 students. Located in the Gold Coast suburb of Burleigh, Marymount College offers a wide range of VET subjects ranging across the five (5) industry areas of Information Technology, Business, Marine Science, Industrial Skills and Hospitality & Tourism.The aim of the analysis will be to suggest what measures need to be implemented in the programs at Marymount College, Gold Coast, Burleigh, Australia, to ensure best practice in Hospitality vocational education. These measures can be constructively applied to other Queensland schools currently delivering vocational education and Hospitality, or to those schools considering introducing subjects associated with Hospitality.

Research for this project was undertaken by means of a broad and comprehensive literature search, a field study and the development of four working papers. It has been quoted,The hospitality industry appears to be facing increasing competitive pressures to improve the quality of its delivery of products and services. For many hotels, success depends largely on the availability of qualified line associates who are able to translate and consistently maintain their company's operational standards of service. Hotel companies, thus, must take training programs for front line associates seriously to accommodate the growing pressure to provide qualified associates. Consequently, many hotels now highlight training activities for front line associates as a means of providing an outstanding service for their customers. However, there is often scepticism about whether training actually pays off for organisations. Despite the importance of the topic, there appears to be little research on evaluating training for front line associates in the hospitality industry, particularly in the hotel sector. Therefore, this project is arguably pioneering in its analysis of applying the model chosen. It has demonstrated through empirical evidence the usefulness of the model to the four hotels in Sydney. This project has investigated evaluating training programs by analysing the reaction of the trainees, learning gained by the trainees, transfer of learning to the workplace by the trainees and training outcomes. The research is expected to be useful to other training practitioners and/or scholars who are interested in taking further research in the hospitality industry, particularly in the hotel sector. / Doctor of Business Administration