published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 50-54. / by Jon William Alff. / M.Arch.

African women in the past were not given equal opportunities with men in planning and construction of their houses. As a result there is no clear indicative level of participation of women during the planning and construction of their houses. The People’s Housing Process is one of the approaches adopted by government and community organizations to encourage community participation in their housing projects but; women’s involvement is still not clear. Therefore this research is aiming to understand the activities performed by women, their roles in related activities, and the methods that they used to get involved in the planning and construction of their houses. A Qualitative research has been conducted to identify the level of women’s engagement in planning and construction of their houses in the People’s Housing Process (PHP) project at Piesang River. The findings of the study revealed that the Urban Poor Fund (UPF) savings system, together with the government subsidy for housing, empowered women to participate in planning and construction of their houses at Piesang River. Moreover; the findings indicated that town planning procedures and bylaws were not properly applied during project planning and implementation. In conclusion this dissertation recommends the formation of Municipal Community Partnership (MCP) for Piesang River FedUP community and EThekwini municipality, in which both stakeholders work together to address the way forward for the project in preference to continuing blaming each other for the shortfalls. / M.T.R.P. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Orientador: Ariovaldo Denis Granja / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yokota_AlessandraAkemi_M.pdf: 5943613 bytes, checksum: 29b2af76a45e062a4fc32ae5d1fe42c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Na abordagem do Custeio-Meta (CM), o custo é um parâmetro de entrada que norteia o processo de projeto, salvaguardando-se os requisitos de qualidade e o desempenho de suas funções na percepção do cliente ou usuário final para o alcance de um produto competitivo e inovador. A pesquisa tem como objetivo aplicar o CM no processo de projeto de uma unidade de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) em tecnologia Wood Frame, levando em consideração o contexto do Programa Governamental "Minha Casa, Minha Vida". Fundamentada no método da Design Science ou Pesquisa Construtiva, a pesquisa visa aplicar o CM neste processo, para posteriormente identificar as possíveis contribuições teóricas a partir dos resultados obtidos. A pesquisa utiliza técnicas e ferramentas características do CM para a estimativa de custo e tomada de decisão com foco no valor a partir da percepção do usuário final. Também busca identificar as dificuldades e oportunidades para a aplicação do CM neste contexto. Os dados utilizados como parâmetro de custo da Unidade Habitacional foram cedidos por uma empresa especializada na tecnologia Wood Frame. O processo de projeto foi desenvolvido por um grupo de pesquisadores, envolvendo docentes e discentes de diversas especialidades nas áreas da Arquitetura e Engenharia Civil. Como principal resultado, ao final da pesquisa, será gerado como artefato uma instância atual da aplicação do CM para o contexto proposto, visando à melhoria no atendimento das necessidades e requisitos para HIS do ponto de vista do usuário final, não se perdendo de vista os necessários controles de custo do produto. A orientação prescritiva desta pesquisa oferecerá novidade em relação aos trabalhos já disponíveis, à medida que apresentará resultados provenientes da aplicação prática do CM no contexto analisado e novas contribuições teóricas decorrentes da análise deste processo / Abstract: In the Target Costing (TC) approach, cost is regarded as an initial input to guide the Design Process considering cost, quality requirements and product performance from the end-users and client¿s perspective in order to improve the product through competitiveness and innovation. The main purpose of this study is to apply Target Costing during the design process for low-incoming houses in Brazil by using Wood Frame system. In the Brazilian context, the current low-incoming houses are supported by the Governmental Program called "My House, My Life" (MHML). In this research, the MHML Program will be discussed to deliver Wood Frame houses under the TC approach. Based on the Design Research Approach or Constructive Research, the study seeks to apply the TC to further identify theoretical contributions from the results obtained from its application. Supporting techniques and tools from Value Methodology were properly used to deliver the TC application assisting the cost estimation and decision making. It also aims to identify the difficulties and opportunities for the TC application in this context. The cost data was provided by a Brazilian company specialized in Wood Frame to estimate the initial cost of the product. The design process was developed by a research team including architects, civil engineers, contractors and suppliers. As outcome, the proposed application presents an instantiation for the TC application. Furthermore, the results indicates some directions for possible improvements from the end-users¿ wants and needs in order to fulfil such requirements due to cost controlling. The prescriptive study offers novelty for the TC studies in the construction sector and identifies some gaps related to the Target Costing in Social Housing with the aim to accomplish future studies / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestra em Engenharia Civil

abstract: This thesis intends to help inform American Indian nations’ decision making related to housing. The study recognizes the urgent need for housing solutions that fit the needs of a community as well as benefit the overall ecosystem. One model that can offer guidance is the Circular Economy (CE) model. A well-thought-out CE process can provide housing solutions that are economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. It also stimulates the local economy by strategically introducing positive changes. This research identifies the construction potential of available circular materials as compared to more contemporary building materials. It then recommends a closed-loop circular model that utilizes the community’s existing infrastructure to develop affordable housing. The proposed CE model operates within the built environment, stimulating local employment while catering to the needs of the residents. Such an approach can prove to be beneficial for the local community and perhaps scalable to the global economy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Construction Management 2020

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. / In 1994, the South African government introduced low-cost housing construction through Reconstruction and Development Programme. The programme was intended to improve the quality of lives of the country's citizens. Many communities across the country benefited from the programme. However, concerns regarding the quality of low-cost housing produced through this programme have been raised. The programme has produced low-cost housing with many structural defects such as gaping wall cracks, roof leaks, unstable roof, water penetration and seepage. To protect the beneficiaries of low-cost housing against the inferior workmanship, unsuitable material and inappropriate construction methods, building standards and regulations have been introduced. The low-cost housing inspectors have been given power to enforce and ensure that the building standards and regulations are followed and met by low-cost housing contractors. Regardless of the measures, the programme still produces low-cost housing built with many structural problems. Hence, the researcher has conducted a research to assess the effectiveness and adequateness that inspection process contributes to quality assurance in low-cost housing construction projects in the Metropole. The findings of the research provided an overall low-cost housing inspectors' experience in the construction industry, education, training, knowledge, roles and responsibilities and the perception of the low-cost housing inspectors on the current housing inspection. The primary conclusion of this research suggest that the low-cost housing inspectors lack training in housing inspection, are not aware of their roles and responsibilities and lack knowledge in building standards and regulations. This resulted to failure to enforce and ensure that the contractors comply with building standards and regulations during the low-cost housing construction projects in the Metropole. The primary recommendations are to establish a standard continuous training and education for low-cost housing inspectors. Provide courses and training to improve the level of knowledge of building standards and regulations by low-cost housing inspectors and review the roles and responsibilities of low-cost housing inspectors and establish awareness of them among the affected parties.

Orientadores: Ariovaldo Denis Granja, Núbia Bernardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruiz_JoycedeAndrade_M.pdf: 5293185 bytes, checksum: a8da6d2436860055c75eb52e1292b8a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Proposta: A Engenharia de Valor (EV) é uma abordagem sistemática que busca o melhor balanço funcional entre custo, confiabilidade e desempenho de um produto. Ela concentra os esforços na análise das funções, gerações de ideias e busca por alternativas de forma a proporcionar reduções de custos e garantia da entrega do valor, funcionalidade e qualidade desejados para o produto. A EV insere-se na abordagem proativa do custeio-meta uma vez que busca sua operacionalização para alcance do custo-meta, durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP), especialmente nas fases de concepção e de projeto. Um programa característico de EV utiliza além de ferramentas, como a Análise de Função e do diagrama FAST, o instrumento do plano de trabalho que visa organizar e orientar as etapas do estudo com foco nos resultados. De uma forma geral, um plano de trabalho de EV contempla as etapas preparatória, informativa, analítica, criativa, avaliativa, de escolha, implementação, apresentação e acompanhamento. Com base no exposto a presente pesquisa traz a proposição de uma sequência para aplicação da EV em produtos de edificações da construção civil. Método de pesquisa/Abordagens: O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a simulação de aplicações em estudos de casos específicos da construção civil. Foram realizadas duas simulações, a primeira num caso chamado de "piloto", que analisou a construção de um banheiro acessível com dois objetivos em sua execução, o de validar a sequência proposta e o de gerar reduções de custos com garantia da entrega de valor aos clientes e usuários. A segunda num caso chamado de "principal" que focou na análise de um Empreendimento Habitacional de Interesse Social (EHIS), com o objetivo de viabilizar oportunidades de intervenção no projeto sugeridas por pesquisas anteriores no mesmo EHIS. Resultados: O resultado da pesquisa consiste na proposição de uma sequência para aplicação da EV em produtos da construção civil. Para isso foi elaborado o fluxo lógico do processo a ser seguido que contém os principais elementos da EV como o plano de trabalho e as ferramentas para exercício das funções de cada produto. Contribuições/Originalidade: A pesquisa contribui com a iniciativa de trabalhar as funções de produtos de edificações da construção civil para proporcionar a análise das mesmas relacionadas aos atributos de valor dentro do contexto em que está inserido. Com isso, foi possível gerar reduções de custos sem prejudicar a entrega de valor, até mesmo majorando-a com a incorporação de novos itens nos produtos, custeados pelas economias obtidas anteriormente / Abstract: The Value Engineering (VE) is a systematic approach that aims the best functional balance between cost, reliability and performance of a product. The VE's study concentrate efforts on the function analysis, generation of ideas and search for alternatives with the objective to provide cost reductions and to ensure the value delivery, functionality and quality desired for the product in study. The EV is part of the proactive approach of target costing being the operational tool that provides the achievement of the target cost at a product development process (PDP), especially in the design and project phases. A typical EV application program contains the required tools such as Function Analysis and FAST diagram, among other, and the instrument of the work plan that aims to organize and guide the steps of the study to guarantee the focus on the results. A general work plan includes the follow steps: preparatory, informative, analytical, creative, evaluative, choice / decision, implementation, monitoring and presentation. The present research brings to propose a sequence for VE implementation in construction products. The research method used was the strategy of case study. Were performed two case studies, the first named as "pilot study", to examine the construction of a handicap bathroom with two goals in its execution, to validate the proposed sequence for VE application and to generate cost savings with the guarantee of delivering value to customers and users. The second case study, named "principal study", focused on the analysis of a social housing enterprise (EHIS), in which the sequence proposed was applied in order to feasible the opportunities for intervention in the project design suggested by a previous research in the same enterprise. The mainly research result consists in the proposal of a sequence with guidelines for VE implementation in construction products. To provide it was developed a logical flow of the process to be followed which contains the main elements of the EV as the work plan and the tools to analyze the functions. This research contributes to the initiative of working the functions of construction products providing a cross analysis related to the attributes of value within the context in which it is inserted. Based on the case studies with the application of the proposed sequence was possible to generate cost reductions without jeopardize the delivery of value, even subsequently adding it to the incorporation of new items in the products, funded by the saves obtained before / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil