Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / Introduction Social stratification is a well documented phenomenon in sociological literature; however, there is substantial recognition that understanding of the underlying principles is inadequate and incomplete. There is often confusion of general and specific types of stratification, and the most widely accepted stratification indices are based on studies of old, stable, and integrated communities. In the light of these limitations, there is an expressed need for (1) the investigation of various kinds of communities and (2) greater precision in defining the types of stratification studied. A socially heterogeneous, low income housing project, fictitiously designated Project HH, was selected as the field of study because a review of the literature did not reveal any such population as having been previously investigated. Using as a point of departure Max Weber's conceptualization of the three orders of stratification as manifested in political power, economic power and social status, this research confined itself to the question of social status. [TRUNCATED]

Through the years, the concept of Value has been widely discussed covering diverse fields of knowledge, such as marketing, business management, strategy, engineering, design, and the like. Within the construction industry field, highly praised management approaches have been used to deliver Value such as Value Engineering, Value Management and Lean Thinking. As a result of the complex nature of this concept, different definitions, equations and models have been proposed to mainly deliver Value from a customer focused perspective. Therefore, the potential of the construction industry has been usually limited by the fulfilment of individual requirements. Thus, environmental and social issues have been generally managed from a bill payer perspective. During the course of this research, Chilean experience in Social Housing Projects was investigated. Initial author observation, analysis of governmental policies and data collected from three case studies allowed to evidence an emergent phenomenon in developing countries such as Chile and in the construction sector experience in general. This phenomenon considers Value as an oscillating concept, which means Value delivered by a particular construction project continuously impacts society in a wide sense, and provides a legacy for future generations. In the same way, Value delivered for particular projects affects in turn those judgments concerning future projects and contribute with the permanent improvement of the construction sector s performance (learning from experience). Consequently, the construction industry contributes to the development of society through the alleviation of environmental & society issues such as drug consumption, social risk, public safety and so forth. Along the time, the decisions and activities of the construction industry have influenced more than a reduced set of customers. Therefore, there is no reasoning against the fact that the human species depends on many sorts of building and infrastructure projects to perform their activities and that the more developed a society or country is, the more such structures are needed. This is an absolute matter of fact. Consequently, building projects as the outcome of build environment could be considered as the physical reflection of our current decisions. They represent major investments in the future delivery, where several human, natural, monetary and technological resources are devoted. Those projects provide a legacy to future generations based on what we have valued today, and how much we care about tomorrow and the stability of our ecosystem. Therefore, the concept of Value in the construction management field should be visualised from a wider perspective towards the consideration of universal environmental & social issues. The consideration of this phenomenon is even more important in developing countries, where opportunities still exist to create a well-balanced built environment that supports society. In an attempt to conceptualise a wider view of Value in the construction industry, different approached to manage Value were investigated. As a result, Lean Thinking arose as a potential philosophy to expand common customer focused Value perspectives. Additionally, different features and multidimensional attributes of the concept of Value were identified. To aid the visualisation of Value in the construction industry, a conceptual model was developed and named the First and Last Value Model F&LVM. According to this model, the delivery of Value spans across two different contexts: First context, which refers to Value delivery to the society (First Value: Environmental & Social issues), and Last context, which deals with Value delivery at project level (Last Value: Production process). This model also considers the interaction between three Value domains: Production & Delivery capacity; Stakeholders perspective; and Social perspective. From this interaction, four central perspectives are included towards a wider visualisation of Value: Technological, economic, environmental and political. Moreover, this model considers Value as an objective, subjective, dynamic, context dependent, relative, and oscillating concept. Finally, the F&LVM was evaluated under the criteria of both researchers and practitioners from Lean Construction, whose potential contributes to a sustainable development. Evaluator s feedback demonstrated that this model contributes to a wider conceptualisation of Value in the construction industry.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / This study is an investigation of how the policy of centralising government departments of the former homelands affected various stakeholders in the province. There is general concern from the people of this former homelands that there is poor service delivery in these areas since the creation of the new provincial government. In attempt to cover social, economic and, political impacts of centralisation, data were gathered through face to face interview, mailed questionnaires and, telephone interviews. The study concluded that there is a great need of devolving power to the former homelands which are now called regions in the province, as an attempt of bringing back service to where people are. In a calculated move to use the offices in the former homelands, the government may also remove the pietersburg components of government departments which are not critical to the functions of headquarters and place them in Venda, Gazankulu and, Lebowa.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of mass housing is an excellent example of multi-disciplinary projects. Several housing projects have been unsuccessful due to a misunderstanding of the necessary collaboration and buy-in that are required from all parties concerned. The focus of this study is to identify the required skill sets and responsibilities of the Housing Project Manager in the Housing environment, and in turn, will support the development of the foundation of the civil engineering postgraduate curricula. Civil engineers are educated with a strong focus on technical subjects, but not much attention is paid to many of the less technical aspects as found in housing projects. Furthermore, the multi-disciplinary aspects of large projects do not receive sufficient attention in either the undergraduate or postgraduate curricula. Considering that many civil engineers become actively involved as managers of housing projects, this paper will present an investigation into the requirements of the curricula of a postgraduate qualification for civil engineers towards becoming managers in housing projects. The investigation will include aspects of multi-disciplinary coordination, the less technical aspects of housing development, but will not exclude a comprehension of technical involvement. In order to identify these skill sets and responsibilities several approaches were adopted. The approaches adopted in this dissertation include: (i) a comprehensive literature study regarding the housing environment and the position of the housing project manager, (ii) a review of several housing case studies with project management related problems, (iii) consulting with several housing management professionals from different sectors in the housing industry, and (iv) a review of existing formulations of the role and responsibilities of the housing project manager. The findings from this study provide evidence that civil engineers operating in the housing environment as project managers require additional education, due to the multi-disciplinary nature of housing projects. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that educating civil engineers towards the management of housing projects would contribute significantly to the housing environment through increasing productivity and quality, and can contribute to meet the housing targets of the government. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van massa behuising is 'n uitstekende voorbeeld van multidissiplinêre projekte. Verskeie behuisingsprojekte was al onsuksesvol as gevolg van 'n misverstand oor die nodige samewerking en bydraes wat vereis word van alle betrokke partye. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisingsprojekbestuurder in die behuisingsomgewing te identifiseer. Hierdie kennis ondersteun die ontwikkeling van ʼn raamwerk vir ʼn nagraadse kurrikulum in behuisingsbestuur. Siviele ingenieurs is opgelei met 'n sterk fokus op tegniese vaardighede, maar relatief min aandag word geskenk aan minder tegniese aspekte soos gevind word in behuisingsprojekte. Verder, multidissiplinêre bestuursaspekte van groot projekte ontvang nie voldoende aandag in óf die voorgraadse óf nagraadse kurrikula nie. Wetende dat baie siviele ingenieurs aktief betrokke raak as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte, ondersoek hierdie studie ʼn raamwerk vir ʼn nagraadse kwalifikasie vir siviele ingenieurs as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte. Die ondersoek sluit in aspekte van die multidissiplinêre koördinasie asook minder tegniese aspekte van behuisingsontwikkeling, maar dit sluit nie 'n begrip van die tegniese betrokkenheid uit nie. Verskeie benaderings is toegepas om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van behuisingsbestuurders te identifiseer. Die benaderings sluit in: (i) 'n omvattende literatuurstudie ten opsigte van behuising en die posisie van die behuisings-projekbestuurder, (ii) 'n oorsig van verskeie behuisings- gevallestudies met projekbestuur verwante probleme, (iii) raadpleging met verskeie professionele rolspelers van verskillende sektore in die behuisingbestuur omgewing, en (iv) 'n hersiening van bestaande beskrywings van die rol en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisings-projekbestuurder. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie verskaf bewyse dat siviele ingenieurs wat in die behuisingsbedryf as projekbestuurders optree, bykomende opleiding benodig as gevolg van die multidissiplinêre aard van projekte. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie is dat die opleiding van siviele ingenieurs in die bestuur van behuisingsprojekte ʼn aansienlike bydrae kan lewer tot behuising deur produktiwiteit en kwaliteit te verhoog. Dit kan bydra tot die bereiking van die regering se behuisingsdoelwitte.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of the North, 2001 / Refer to document

Recentemente, alguns empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS) no Brasil têm sido realizados através de programas integrados que envolvem o desenvolvimento conjunto de empreendimentos habitacionais, assistência social e obras de infra-estrutura sob uma delimitada área urbana a ser recuperada. Outra tendência importante desses programas é que resultam de um planejamento realizado em conjunto com a comunidade a ser beneficiada. O Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade (PIEC), objeto de estudo desta tese, propõe a reestruturação urbana de uma importante área da cidade de Porto Alegre. Neste contexto, existe uma ampla gama de fatores que devem ser considerados na realização de empreendimentos, tais como a regularização fundiária, o reassentamento de população, o impacto ambiental, restrições orçamentárias, o atendimento de prazos, a participação comunitária e a inclusão social. Como resultado o processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS tende a ser bastante complexo, demandando um esforço específico de gerenciamento dos requisitos dos clientes ao longo da realização desses empreendimentos. Considerando os pesados recursos investidos nos programas integrados, destaca-se a importância da formação da satisfação e da geração de valor para a população atendida e reassentada a fim de que, a mesma seja efetivamente incorporada à cidade formal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral de pesquisa identificar oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Os desdobramentos desse objetivo envolveram a adaptação de conceitos e abordagens teóricas das áreas de marketing e de desenvolvimento do produto para o gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes de EHIS, bem como a proposta de contribuições conceituais e metodológicas para a análise da geração de valor em EHIS realizados através de programas integrados. O método da pesquisa foi constituído por um estudo de caso dividido em três etapas. A Etapa A teve um caráter exploratório-descritivo com o objetivo de entender o contexto de concepção do PIEC e o processo de desenvolvimento do mesmo. Na Etapa B o foco do estudo passou a ser a população atendida pelo programa, particularmente as 413 famílias reassentadas na primeira etapa da fase de intervenção, concluída em março de 2004. Esse ajuste se fez necessário para possibilitar uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre a percepção de valor dos clientes finais. A Etapa C foi desenvolvida para possibilitar a discussão e análise dos resultados obtidos nas etapas anteriores do estudo de caso e a devida confrontação desses resultados com a bibliografia. As principais conclusões estão relacionadas à identificação de oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Além disso, o estudo também resultou em contribuições conceituais para a consolidação do conceito de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento desse tipo de EHIS. / Recently several social interest housing projects (SIHP) have been carried out in Brazil throughout integrated programs that involve the joint development of housing projects, social service and infrastructure for a specific urban area to be recovered. Another important tendency of these programs is that they result from a joint planning carried out with the community to be benefited. The City Entrance Integrated Program (CEIP), study object of this thesis, proposes the urban restructuring of an important area of Porto Alegre City. In this context, there is a wide range of factors that must be considered to build the housing projects, such as: urban land regularization, population resettlement, environmental impact, budgetary constraints, scheduled date fulfillment, community participation and social inclusion. As a result the development process of SIHP tends to be quite complex, demanding a specific effort of client requirements management throughout the building of these projects. Considering the heavy investments in integrated programs, the importance of satisfaction and value generation for the assisted and resettled population stands out so that it may be incorporated to the formal city. This research has as main objective to identify opportunities for value generation in the SIHP development process of the integrated programs through the main clients’ requirements management of these projects. These objective spin-offs involved the adaptation of concepts and theoreticians approaches of the marketing and product development process areas to SIHP main client requirements management, such as the proposal of conceptual and methodological contributions to value generation analysis in SIHP carried out through integrated programs. The research method was constituted by a case study divided in three phases. The Phase A had an exploratory-descriptive character aiming to understand the context of CEIP conception and its development process. In Phase B the study focused the population served by the program, particularly the 413 families resettled in the first stage that was concluded in March 2004. This adjustment was necessary to make possible a deeper investigation on final clients’ perceived value. The Phase C was developed to make possible the discussion and analysis of the results obtained in the case study previous phases as well as these results comparison with the bibliography. The main conclusions are related to the identification of opportunities for value generation in SIHP development process of integrated programs through main client requirements management of these projects. Besides, the study has also resulted in conceptual contributions for the consolidation of the value generation concept in the development process of this kind of SIHP.

Recentemente, alguns empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS) no Brasil têm sido realizados através de programas integrados que envolvem o desenvolvimento conjunto de empreendimentos habitacionais, assistência social e obras de infra-estrutura sob uma delimitada área urbana a ser recuperada. Outra tendência importante desses programas é que resultam de um planejamento realizado em conjunto com a comunidade a ser beneficiada. O Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade (PIEC), objeto de estudo desta tese, propõe a reestruturação urbana de uma importante área da cidade de Porto Alegre. Neste contexto, existe uma ampla gama de fatores que devem ser considerados na realização de empreendimentos, tais como a regularização fundiária, o reassentamento de população, o impacto ambiental, restrições orçamentárias, o atendimento de prazos, a participação comunitária e a inclusão social. Como resultado o processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS tende a ser bastante complexo, demandando um esforço específico de gerenciamento dos requisitos dos clientes ao longo da realização desses empreendimentos. Considerando os pesados recursos investidos nos programas integrados, destaca-se a importância da formação da satisfação e da geração de valor para a população atendida e reassentada a fim de que, a mesma seja efetivamente incorporada à cidade formal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral de pesquisa identificar oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Os desdobramentos desse objetivo envolveram a adaptação de conceitos e abordagens teóricas das áreas de marketing e de desenvolvimento do produto para o gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes de EHIS, bem como a proposta de contribuições conceituais e metodológicas para a análise da geração de valor em EHIS realizados através de programas integrados. O método da pesquisa foi constituído por um estudo de caso dividido em três etapas. A Etapa A teve um caráter exploratório-descritivo com o objetivo de entender o contexto de concepção do PIEC e o processo de desenvolvimento do mesmo. Na Etapa B o foco do estudo passou a ser a população atendida pelo programa, particularmente as 413 famílias reassentadas na primeira etapa da fase de intervenção, concluída em março de 2004. Esse ajuste se fez necessário para possibilitar uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre a percepção de valor dos clientes finais. A Etapa C foi desenvolvida para possibilitar a discussão e análise dos resultados obtidos nas etapas anteriores do estudo de caso e a devida confrontação desses resultados com a bibliografia. As principais conclusões estão relacionadas à identificação de oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Além disso, o estudo também resultou em contribuições conceituais para a consolidação do conceito de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento desse tipo de EHIS. / Recently several social interest housing projects (SIHP) have been carried out in Brazil throughout integrated programs that involve the joint development of housing projects, social service and infrastructure for a specific urban area to be recovered. Another important tendency of these programs is that they result from a joint planning carried out with the community to be benefited. The City Entrance Integrated Program (CEIP), study object of this thesis, proposes the urban restructuring of an important area of Porto Alegre City. In this context, there is a wide range of factors that must be considered to build the housing projects, such as: urban land regularization, population resettlement, environmental impact, budgetary constraints, scheduled date fulfillment, community participation and social inclusion. As a result the development process of SIHP tends to be quite complex, demanding a specific effort of client requirements management throughout the building of these projects. Considering the heavy investments in integrated programs, the importance of satisfaction and value generation for the assisted and resettled population stands out so that it may be incorporated to the formal city. This research has as main objective to identify opportunities for value generation in the SIHP development process of the integrated programs through the main clients’ requirements management of these projects. These objective spin-offs involved the adaptation of concepts and theoreticians approaches of the marketing and product development process areas to SIHP main client requirements management, such as the proposal of conceptual and methodological contributions to value generation analysis in SIHP carried out through integrated programs. The research method was constituted by a case study divided in three phases. The Phase A had an exploratory-descriptive character aiming to understand the context of CEIP conception and its development process. In Phase B the study focused the population served by the program, particularly the 413 families resettled in the first stage that was concluded in March 2004. This adjustment was necessary to make possible a deeper investigation on final clients’ perceived value. The Phase C was developed to make possible the discussion and analysis of the results obtained in the case study previous phases as well as these results comparison with the bibliography. The main conclusions are related to the identification of opportunities for value generation in SIHP development process of integrated programs through main client requirements management of these projects. Besides, the study has also resulted in conceptual contributions for the consolidation of the value generation concept in the development process of this kind of SIHP.

Recentemente, alguns empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social (EHIS) no Brasil têm sido realizados através de programas integrados que envolvem o desenvolvimento conjunto de empreendimentos habitacionais, assistência social e obras de infra-estrutura sob uma delimitada área urbana a ser recuperada. Outra tendência importante desses programas é que resultam de um planejamento realizado em conjunto com a comunidade a ser beneficiada. O Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade (PIEC), objeto de estudo desta tese, propõe a reestruturação urbana de uma importante área da cidade de Porto Alegre. Neste contexto, existe uma ampla gama de fatores que devem ser considerados na realização de empreendimentos, tais como a regularização fundiária, o reassentamento de população, o impacto ambiental, restrições orçamentárias, o atendimento de prazos, a participação comunitária e a inclusão social. Como resultado o processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS tende a ser bastante complexo, demandando um esforço específico de gerenciamento dos requisitos dos clientes ao longo da realização desses empreendimentos. Considerando os pesados recursos investidos nos programas integrados, destaca-se a importância da formação da satisfação e da geração de valor para a população atendida e reassentada a fim de que, a mesma seja efetivamente incorporada à cidade formal. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral de pesquisa identificar oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Os desdobramentos desse objetivo envolveram a adaptação de conceitos e abordagens teóricas das áreas de marketing e de desenvolvimento do produto para o gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes de EHIS, bem como a proposta de contribuições conceituais e metodológicas para a análise da geração de valor em EHIS realizados através de programas integrados. O método da pesquisa foi constituído por um estudo de caso dividido em três etapas. A Etapa A teve um caráter exploratório-descritivo com o objetivo de entender o contexto de concepção do PIEC e o processo de desenvolvimento do mesmo. Na Etapa B o foco do estudo passou a ser a população atendida pelo programa, particularmente as 413 famílias reassentadas na primeira etapa da fase de intervenção, concluída em março de 2004. Esse ajuste se fez necessário para possibilitar uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre a percepção de valor dos clientes finais. A Etapa C foi desenvolvida para possibilitar a discussão e análise dos resultados obtidos nas etapas anteriores do estudo de caso e a devida confrontação desses resultados com a bibliografia. As principais conclusões estão relacionadas à identificação de oportunidades de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento de EHIS de programas integrados através do gerenciamento dos requisitos dos principais clientes desses empreendimentos. Além disso, o estudo também resultou em contribuições conceituais para a consolidação do conceito de geração de valor no processo de desenvolvimento desse tipo de EHIS. / Recently several social interest housing projects (SIHP) have been carried out in Brazil throughout integrated programs that involve the joint development of housing projects, social service and infrastructure for a specific urban area to be recovered. Another important tendency of these programs is that they result from a joint planning carried out with the community to be benefited. The City Entrance Integrated Program (CEIP), study object of this thesis, proposes the urban restructuring of an important area of Porto Alegre City. In this context, there is a wide range of factors that must be considered to build the housing projects, such as: urban land regularization, population resettlement, environmental impact, budgetary constraints, scheduled date fulfillment, community participation and social inclusion. As a result the development process of SIHP tends to be quite complex, demanding a specific effort of client requirements management throughout the building of these projects. Considering the heavy investments in integrated programs, the importance of satisfaction and value generation for the assisted and resettled population stands out so that it may be incorporated to the formal city. This research has as main objective to identify opportunities for value generation in the SIHP development process of the integrated programs through the main clients’ requirements management of these projects. These objective spin-offs involved the adaptation of concepts and theoreticians approaches of the marketing and product development process areas to SIHP main client requirements management, such as the proposal of conceptual and methodological contributions to value generation analysis in SIHP carried out through integrated programs. The research method was constituted by a case study divided in three phases. The Phase A had an exploratory-descriptive character aiming to understand the context of CEIP conception and its development process. In Phase B the study focused the population served by the program, particularly the 413 families resettled in the first stage that was concluded in March 2004. This adjustment was necessary to make possible a deeper investigation on final clients’ perceived value. The Phase C was developed to make possible the discussion and analysis of the results obtained in the case study previous phases as well as these results comparison with the bibliography. The main conclusions are related to the identification of opportunities for value generation in SIHP development process of integrated programs through main client requirements management of these projects. Besides, the study has also resulted in conceptual contributions for the consolidation of the value generation concept in the development process of this kind of SIHP.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18584号 / 工博第3945号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31484 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 神吉 紀世子, 教授 門内 輝行, 教授 髙田 光雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The project manager is facing many challenges when planning and managing an Emerging Contractor project. Constraints experienced by Emerging Contractors are exerting risks on the project and pose a challenge to the project manager to guide the project to successful completion. The constraints and risks experienced on an Emerging Contractor project are mostly related to inexperience and unproven track record. The Emerging Contractor has not been in business long enough to build trust relationships with suppliers. Suppliers are limiting their exposure to risk and are therefore not prepared to supply material in bulk or on credit to the Emerging Contractor. The term Emerging Contractor is a well-known term in the South African construction industry, but no clear definition exists of what criteria qualifies a contractor to be an Emerging Contractor. The assumption in the industry is that an Emerging Contractor is a construction business which is 100% controlled and managed by a black person. Emerging Contractors are conducting business at the bottom end of the market where there is no barrier to entry. This makes the competition very severe and the profit margins are very slim. Even though the contract values are low, the Emerging Contractor projects require a considerable amount of effort to manage and are therefore not cost effective for the experienced project manager. The constraints experienced by the Emerging Contractor can be addressed by co-opting experience to the project team to provide guidance, training and management assistance. The proposal will require additional funding, but after a few projects the Emerging Contractor would have built up a reputation as a successful contractor and will therefore be self sustaining. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die projekbestuurder moet baie uitdagings trotseer met die beplanning en bestuur van 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur. Beperkings wat deur die Opkomende Kontrakteur ervaar word lei tot 'n risiko vir die projek en bied dus 'n uitdaging aan die projekbestuurder om die projek te lei tot suksesvolle voltooiing. Die beperkings en risiko's wat deur 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur projek ervaar word, hou meerendeels verband met onervarendheid en gebrekkige ondervinding. Die Opkomende Kontrakteur is nog nie lank genoeg in die bedryf om vertrouensverhoudings met verskaffers op te gebou het nie. Verskaffers verskans dus hul blootstelling aan risiko en is dus nie bereid om materiaal in grootmaat of op krediet aan die Opkomende Kontrakteur te lewer nie. Die term "Emerging Contractor" is welbekend in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf, maar 'n duidelike definisie kon nie gevind word wat die vereistes stel om as 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur te kwalifiseer nie. In die konstruksiebedryf word dit algemeen aanvaar dat 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur 'n konstruksie besigheid is wat 100% deur 'n swart persoon beheer en bestuur word. Opkomende Kontrakteurs ding mee op die intreevlak van die konstruksiebedryf waar daar weinig min versperring vir toetrede is. Dit maak die kompetisie baie straf en die winsmarge laag. Selfs al is die kontrakwaarde laag behels die Opkomende Kontrakteur projek buitengewone aandag en bestuur en is dit dan ook nie 'n koste effekiewe projek vir 'n ervare projekbestuurder nie. Die beperkings wat deur die Opkomende Kontrakteur ervaar word, kan aangespreek word deur ervare diensverskaffers na die projekspan te bring om leiding, opleiding en bestuurshulp te verskaf. Die voorgestelde projekbestuursplan benodig addisionele fondse, maar na 'n paar projekte het die kontrakteur vir hom/haar 'n reputasie opgebou wat hom/haar toelaat om volhoubaar te wees sonder die hulp van die diensverskaffers.