Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 506-532).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of History and School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004. / "A dissertation in history and urban leadership and policy studies in education." Advisor: Louis W. Potts. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-372). Online version of the print edition.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-288).

ABSTRACT This is a concerted effort at understanding the contemporary utopian processes and systems of the formation and spatial narratives of the people it is designed for. Locality and nostalgia is the essence of the times we live in. There is currently a global refuge crisis which is defined and can be contained within each countries borders as well as external forces that disrupt the ‘contemporary utopia’s’ of the times. Man is conditioned from early life to be fascinated by the longing of a place to dwell. Safety and familiarity of place is an important state of where people choose to dwell. Dwelling is also a proponent of opportunity where local migrants and immigrants to the environment with limited resources such as South Africa. According to the UNHCR, it was determined that in 2015, South Africa received 62 159 asylum claims. A total of this, 2,499 were approved for refugee status while 58,141 were denied, suggesting that all the applications in the 2015 period were dealt with. However, 14,093 were appealed, and of these 12,361 remained open into 2016 (Africa Check, 2016). The conditions of these new city dwellers is threatened by a new spatial continuum of land restitution and/or transformation, very bureaucratic legal process, resource accessibility and inclusivity. There is an inherent lack of spaces of community building within the Pretoria CBD, with most space succumbing to decay, a sustained urban sprawl, monofunctional territories, and nucleated densities. New migrants into the city struggle to find formal and informal opportunities and resources for ‘urban survival-ism’. These conditions are ones that have ruinous affects on the cities utopian public spaces that mostly are stuck in the spatial utilitarianism of the time of production. The dissertation Real and Re-imagined Spaces as Contemporary Utopia’s looks to reevaluate the current conditions of the city that manufacture a hostile urban context and subsequently ‘agonistic’ people without spaces to commune. The urban condition is territorial, consumed by a fence fetish, entrapped by different spatial and architectural utopias and ruins. The presence of ruins is evidenced by a preoccupation with ‘Heritage’ architecture and landscapes. These leftover spaces and heritage provide 1 opportunities to have new layers of memory and legacy that is conscious to erasure, space-making, man and the environment, and the trappings of time. / UKUQALA Lena umzamo ohlanganyelwe ekuqondeni izinqubo zezinsuku zokuphila zangasese kanye nezinhlelo zokwakheka nezindatshana zendawo zabantu ezenzelwe. Indawo kanye ne-nostalgia yizona zinkinga zezikhathi esiphila kuzo. Njengamanje isiphephelo sezokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele esichazwe futhi singatholakala ngaphakathi kwamanye amazwe omngcele kanye namandla angaphandle aphazamisa ‘ubuholi besikhathi samanje’ ngezikhathi. Umuntu uphonywe kusukela ebusweni bokuqala ukuze athabe ukulangazelela indawo yokuhlala. Ukuphepha nokujwayela indawo kuyindawo ebalulekile lapho abantu bakhetha ukuhlala khona. Ukuhlala kubuye kube ngumgqugquzeli wamathuba lapho abafuduka khona kanye nabafuduki bezemvelo abanemithombo encane njengeNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwe-United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (okubizwa ngokuthi i-UNHCR kusuka lapha), kwaqunywa ukuthi ngo-2015, iNingizimu Afrika ithole izimangalo ezingu-62 159 zokukhoseliswa. Okubonke lokhu, abangu-2,499 bavunyelwe ukuba babe ngababaleki ngenkathi kuthiwa abangu-58 141 banqatshelwe, okuphakamisa ukuthi zonke izicelo ngonyaka wezi-2015 zibhekwa nazo. Kodwa-ke, abangu-14,093 babethweswa icala, futhi kulaba abangu-12 361 bahlala bevulekile ngo-2016 (i-Africa Check, 2016). Izimo zalaba bantu abahlala emadolobheni amasha zisongelwa ukuqhubeka kwendawo yokubuyisela umhlaba kanye / noma ukuguqulwa, inqubo yomthetho enobulungisa, ukutholakala kwemithombo kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Kukhona ukungabi nalutho kwezikhala zomsebenzi womphakathi ngaphakathi kwePitoli Central Business District (CBD kusuka lapha), iningi lendawo ehluleka ukubola, izindawo ezihlala emadolobheni, izindawo zokusebenza, kanye nezinkinga ezingasebenzi. Abafuduki abasha bangena emzabalazweni womuzi ukuthola amathuba asemthethweni namasosha ‘okusinda emadolobheni-ism’. Lezi zimo yizona ezithintekayo emadolobheni ezindaweni ezingekho emphakathini ezivame ukunamathela emphakathini wesikhathi sokukhiqiza. I-dissertation Real and Re-imagined Spaces njengobukeka be-Contemporary Utopia ukuhlola kabusha izimo zamanje zomuzi ezakha umongo wendawo edolobheni kanye nabantu abangenayo i-agonistic ngaphandle kwezikhala zokuxhumana. Isimo sasezindaweni zasemadolobheni siyindawo, sidliwa izinkinga zokubiya mawala, siboshwe yizindawo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokuchitha izindawo. Ukutholakala kwamanxiwa kuboniswa ukukhathazeka ngezakhiwo ‘zeGugu’ nezindwangu. Lezi zikhala kanye namagugu asele ahlinzeka amathuba okuba nemigqa emisha yememori kanye nefa eliqaphela ukukhipha, ukwenza isikhala, umuntu kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi. / Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

As our global community grapples with the ongoing challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation, records of past climate changes provide important benchmarks for climate models and insights into the interactions between climate changes, human societies, and the landscape. In this dissertation, I reconstruct past changes in climate and redefine the human settlement history of the North Atlantic region. Understanding the human and climate history of the North Atlantic is particularly important because the region is especially sensitive to changes in climate, and climate and oceanographic changes in the region have global ramifications. I focus on the Faroe Islands and Iceland. These islands are close to oceanographic and atmospheric fronts and are sensitive to small changes in the climate system. Furthermore, the Faroes and Iceland were not settled by humans until the the first millennium CE, and as such, provide climate records that are unaltered by human land use activities for most of the Holocene, and are important test cases for understanding human-climate-landscape interactions after human settlement. In this work, I use lake sediment cores to reconstruct continuous climate records for the Holocene period, and in some cases, snapshots of previous interglacials. Lipid biomarkers are a group of molecules that accumulate in lake sediment and can be traced back to organisms in the lake or its watershed. I use these molecules and their isotopic compositions to quantify past changes in temperature and precipitation isotopes, which provide constraints on past climate and atmospheric circulation. I use fecal biomarkers, which are produced by the gut bacteria of humans and livestock, to determine when humans first settled in a lake’s watershed, and the impact they had on the environment. Ancient DNA stored in lake sediment can also be used to trace past changes in vegetation and to determine if livestock were present in the watershed, enhancing our understanding of agricultural impacts on the landscape. By combining these molecular tools, in Chapter 2, I reconstruct the Holocene and Last Interglacial climate in the Faroe Islands using the hydrogen and carbon isotopes of leaf waxes. In this case, I found that the Faroe Islands slowly transitioned over the Holocene from a climate that was warmer and wetter than present conditions, to a climate that is cooler and drier. In the Faroes, the Last Interglacial climate was similar to the early Holocene. In Chapter 3, I use fecal biomarkers and sedimentary ancient DNA to determine that humans arrived 300 years prior than previously thought. Human settlement caused erosion in the catchment and a shift in the vegetation community. In Chapter 4, I use the hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf waxes in conjunction with a biomarker-based temperature reconstruction from a lake in Iceland to determine past shifts in regional atmospheric circulation. I found that a shift towards more northerly-sourced precipitation, consistent with conditions similar to a positive NAO, occurred at the same time as regional neoglaciation and expansion of sea ice. All together, these records advance our understanding of Holocene and Last Interglacial climate change, the human settlement history

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Johannesburg 2017. / Pre-colonial Stone Walled Structures (SWS) in southern Africa have been studied since the 17th Century. Studies focused on establishing the origins of SWS, classification and other socio-economic components associated with these settlements. The physical environment played a significant role in shaping these communities, therefore making it important to establish the correlation between these pre-colonial cultures and the physical environment. Using Google Earth and GIS Sadr and Rodier (2012) undertook a settlement analysis of a 350 area near the Suikerbosrand nature reserve in southern Gauteng. They observed that settlement patterns revealed a shift from small and dispersed egalitarian societies to more stratified communities between the 15th and 19th century. Using the same techniques that Sadr and Rodier (2012) employed, a settlement pattern analysis was conducted on the rest of the research area in southern Gauteng which is slightly under 9000. Results from an exploratory and a statistical analysis from the research area revealed observations made by Sadr and Rodier 2012 from a 350 concur with the observations made from the rest of the study area. / LG2018

This thesis is based upon eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in London undertaken between January 2006 and July 2007. It explores the discourses and practices which (re)produce notions of gender, race, ethnicity and class among young people born or raised in London to migrants from Arab states. Instead of taking the existence of an Arab community' in London as self-evident, this thesis looks critically at the idea of Arab-ness in London and the ways in which it is signified, reiterated and recited. Taking the theorising of performative gender as a starting point I explore the possibilities of a sequential reading of ‘gender' and ‘race' and the practices and discourses which produce that which they name ‘Arab woman,' Arab man,' ‘British- Arab'. By looking at discourses, practices and political context, ‘ethnicity' and ‘race' appear to be less about an inner fixity or even multiple identities, instead they can be significantly attributed to a discursive and corporeal project of survival and social intelligibility between structures of subjection which create imperatives to enact and reproduce notions of ‘race' and ‘gender'. In this sense it is no longer satisfactory to see ethnicity as something that one possesses – but something that one does and embodies imperfectly, constantly adding, reinforcing and disrupting its presumed structure. Looking at what it means “to do” Arab-ness in London provides opportunities to look at the underlying normative and psychical structures that inform the doing of ethnicity in a particular setting. The shift from foundationalist and “epistemological account[s] of identity to [those] which locate[s] the problematic within practices of signification permits an analysis that takes the epistemological mode itself as one possible and contingent signifying practice” (Butler 1990: 184). Through the Shisha cafe, ‘Arabic nights', images and narratives I explore the discursive and corporeal acts that signify Arab-ness in London at a particular historical moment.

Bibliography: leaves 426-469.

Bibliography: leaves 426-469. / 2 v. (xx, 640 p. ; ix, 469 leaves) : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001

Thesis (doctoral) - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 2001. / This book is a slightly revised version of the doctoral dissertation the author completed in June 2001 and defended at the Faculty of Arts of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in October 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-285) and index.