<p>The aim of this thesis is to examine employees views on gender equality at a human resource company in Stockholm. Our results are obtained though interviews and observations. Our informants are, to the extent that it is possible, of different ages, job descriptions and statuses within the company.</p><p>We have focused on employees’ perceptions of the company in regard to its work on topics that effect gender/discrimination in the work place. Through out this thesis we argue that employees at the human resource company use a discourse which is dedicated to topics of equality, however the employees do not practice these values in any noticeable way. Rather they show an ambivalence as to how these questions should be managed. Thus a discrepancy between discourse and practice is constructed within the company. By applying Robert Connell’s theory on hegemonic masculinity in combination with Lisbeth Bekkengen’s analysis of “child orientated masculinity” to our research we argue that a normative masculinity is created at the company, which not only constructs a marginalized masculinity in its wake, but also prohibits gender equality from becoming common practice. Another factor that complicates work on gender equality is that informants choose not to see gender asymmetries as structural, rather they are lifted out of their context and viewed as individual.</p><p>Keyword: Human Resources, gender, equality, discourse, masculinity, practice, ethnicity</p>

<p>The economic context changes, companies adapt and recruitment evolves. As future managers and leaders, or simply new actors in the working environment, this is our duty to be aware of the demand of the market. The economic situation has a huge impact on the recruitment and this more so in a crisis period (Aswegen, 2009). In order to respond of the need of flexibility, facing crisis situation or simply facing the need of change, Interim Management seems to correspond to this request or is at least one of the tools that companies can take into consideration.</p><p>During the previous phase of our thesis, we realized that only a few people were aware of this promising concept of management. It became a challenge for us, we wanted to know more about this topic and to write a paper in order to share the knowledge that we would gather through the process of depicting this emerging phenomenon called „Interim Management‟ while remaining objective.</p><p>During our research and interviews, we met recruitment consultants, Interim Managers, and corporate human resources directors; all of these meetings helped us to understand companies' needs and what they expect when hiring Interim Managers. Our thesis aims at explaining and depicting the emerging concept of Interim Management in order to give our vision of the reality.</p>

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and degree of occupational gender segregation across the functional fields in South Africa and to determine if existing “supply-side” explanations serve to explain the phenomenon through an attitudinal survey of the females in the sample. The UNISA first year MBL students were requested to complete the survey during their August Centre Visit at the SBL Sasol auditorium in Midrand. The survey consists of two sections. Section A determined the gender of the sample element and subsequently their functional field of occupation, which enabled the calculation of the Karmel and MacLachlan Index per functional field. The Finance, General Management, Information Technology, Operations and Production and Procurement, Buying and Logistics fields showed high levels of integration, while the Marketing, Sales and Customer Service field showed low levels of segregation in favour of women. Human Resources was strongly female dominant, while Research and Development was strongly male dominant. The “Other” field showed the highest level of segregation in favour of women. Section B contains the attitudinal Likert scale questions to measure the extent to which the various supply-side explanations determine the women’s career decisions. There seem to be certain explanation types, such as Exchange Utility and Reward, which serve as strong selection criteria and other factors that play a lesser role, such as Teaching Styles and Self-Image. Based on the averages the Occupational Sex-Typing, Self-Efficacy and Parental Influence explanations showed no agreement from any of the sample elements. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBL

The thesis deals with non-financial remuneration of teachers in pre-primary education . The introductory part is devoted to a general definition of basic concepts, the theory of human resources and remuneration. The next section is characterized by financial and non-financial forms of remuneration . There are specified the different types of rewards . The final section analyzes the choice of the most efficient and preferred forms of non-financial reward teaching staff of pre-primary education . It compares the views and preferences of headmasters and teachers.

The thesis deals with non-financial remuneration of teachers in pre-primary education . The introductory part is devoted to a general definition of basic concepts, the theory of human resources and remuneration. The next section is characterized by financial and non-financial forms of remuneration . There are specified the different types of rewards . The final section analyzes the choice of the most efficient and preferred forms of non-financial reward teaching staff of pre-primary education . It compares the views and preferences of headmasters and teachers. KEYWORDS Human resources, human resources work, human resources management, human resources activities, remuneration, direkt financial and nonfinancial compensation, preprimary education

This work deals with performance management in specific cases. Problem of performance management is being discussed in three different independent parts, in outsourcing, in time of the economic recession and when a new team is established within a company. The aim is to show the lack of processes established in large companies which apply in situations mentioned above. The analysis of the individual components, processes and systems was done using question forms, individual interviews and group sessions with employees of a concrete international company. Conclusions of this work are summarized in chapters according to the topics. The goal is to make recommendations which could be applied in all international companies and their environments. This work introduces new knowledge in the field of performance management in situations in which we cannot rely on the universally agreed procedures.

A autora estuda a comparação da força de trabalho em serviços de saúde, visando o grau de satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais de saúde, em dois municípios semi -rurais, sendo um de médio porte e outro de pequeno porte, um localizado na Grande São Paulo e outro no Estado de São Paulo. participaram do estudo, integrantes de seis categorias funcionais: médicos, enfermeiras, assistentes sociais, auxiliares de enfermagem, atendentes e serventes, que realizam suas atividades nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, nos respectivos municípios. No estudo foi desenvolvido um histórico das principais políticas de saúde e de recursos humanos, no período de 1960 a 1990, apresentando as principais características da época, sua evolução no Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo. A seguir foram descritos os perfis dos municípios estudados e suas principais características. Foi abordada a metodologia utilizada na pesquisa bem como a análise, discussão e resultados obtidos através dos dados coletados junto aos profissionais de saúde. Dos resultados do estudo, as informações fornecidas permitiram verificar que os profissionais pesquisados salientaram vários fatores que podem contribuir e podem influenciar diretamente na obtenção da satisfação e insatisfação no trabalho. Pela frequência com que se manifestaram, observa-se a ordem de importância dada a esses fatores, que podem direcionar a uma política de recursos humanos satisfatória para melhoria do desempenho humano e da eficácia organizacional. / A autora estuda a comparação da força de trabalho em serviços de saúde, visando o grau de satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais de saúde, em dois municípios semi -rurais, sendo um de médio porte e outro de pequeno porte, um localizado na Grande São Paulo e outro no Estado de São Paulo. participaram do estudo, integrantes de seis categorias funcionais: médicos, enfermeiras, assistentes sociais, auxiliares de enfermagem, atendentes e serventes, que realizam suas atividades nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, nos respectivos municípios. No estudo foi desenvolvido um histórico das principais políticas de saúde e de recursos humanos, no período de 1960 a 1990, apresentando as principais características da época, sua evolução no Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo. A seguir foram descritos os perfis dos municípios estudados e suas principais características. Foi abordada a metodologia utilizada na pesquisa bem como a análise, discussão e resultados obtidos através dos dados coletados junto aos profissionais de saúde. Dos resultados do estudo, as informações fornecidas permitiram verificar que os profissionais pesquisados salientaram vários fatores que podem contribuir e podem influenciar diretamente na obtenção da satisfação e insatisfação no trabalho. Pela frequência com que se manifestaram, observa-se a ordem de importância dada a esses fatores, que podem direcionar a uma política de recursos humanos satisfatória para melhoria do desempenho humano e da eficácia organizacional.

As mulheres apresentam maior qualificação, mas menores salários e oportunidades de crescimento de carreira. Como a área de Recursos Humanos (RH) está envolvida, ou é responsável, por essas decisões, questiona-se qual o papel dos profissionais da área pela justiça desses processos decisórios. Nesse contexto, esta tese pretende contribuir com o entendimento das relações entre as mulheres e as empresas em que trabalham, a partir dos conceitos de Gestão Estratégica de RH e Justiça Organizacional. Seu objetivo principal consistiu em revelar quais os sentidos atribuídos pelos profissionais de RH à sua atuação nas questões de Justiça Organizacional relacionada à gênero. O referencial teórico dessa pesquisa foi construído para situar historicamente a evolução do processo de independência econômica das mulheres na sociedade e compreender o papel da área de RH para que essas organizações possam incluir as mulheres dentro de um ambiente em que as políticas e práticas sejam aplicadas de maneira justa para homens e mulheres. O conceito de gênero utilizado para esse trabalho, alinhado à abordagem construcionista utilizada, foi proposto por Scott (1986, p. 1.067), no qual gênero é um \"elemento constitutivo de relações sociais baseado nas diferenças percebidas entre os sexos, e é uma forma primária de significar as relações de poder\", de tal forma que quando há mudanças sociais, essas relações também se transformam. Também são apresentados conceitos sobre a Gestão Estratégica de Recursos Humanos, a partir de uma perspectiva contingencial (LEPAK; SHAW, 2008) e das diferenças entre práticas de RH que valorizam ou dissolvem as diferenças entre os grupos dominantes e os minoritários (LIFF, 1997). No que se refere à Justiça Organizacional, são explicadas as quatro dimensões que formam o conceito, Justiça Distributiva, Procedimental, Interpessoal e Informacional, suas relações com as práticas de RH e com as diferenças de gênero. Adotou-se para esta pesquisa a proposta de análise de práticas discursivas de Spink (2011) e, por ser um assunto em momento de mudança social, adotou-se também a \"Teoria Social do Discurso\" proposta por Fairclough (2001). Verifica-se que os profissionais de RH descrevem a mulher como qualificada, cuidadosa, sensível e com visão holística para a análise das situações. Também são mães (ou serão), heterossexuais e estão em cargos hierárquicos mais altos. Quando as mulheres não apresentam essas características ou comportamentos esperados, são consideradas mais masculinas. Os profissionais de RH atribuem a si mesmo o papel de desenvolver políticas de RH e de influenciar dos gestores, responsáveis pela tomada as decisões de Seleção, Remuneração e Promoção, e também pela criação de um ambiente de trabalho saudável para as mulheres. Durante as entrevistas, foram apresentadas variáveis que impactam a percepção de Justiça Organizacional dos profissionais de RH e outras, relativas à condição da mulher e de contexto, que levam a diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Em relação às práticas de Gestão da Diversidade que poderiam contribuir para uma maior igualdade entre homens e mulheres no ambiente de trabalho, constatou-se que seria possível combinar práticas vinculadas à corrente de Valorização das Diferenças e de Dissolução das Diferenças. / Women are more qualified , but lower salaries and fewer opportunities to grow. As Human Resources (HR) department is involved or is considered responsible for those decisions, the role of its professionals and their fair decisions are put in question. Regarding that, this thesis will ease the understanding between women and the companies they work for, using HR Strategic Management and Organization Justice concepts. Its main target was to show how HR professionals act using Organizational Justice related to gender issues. Theoretical part of this survey was made for a historical set of women\'s economic independence evolution in society and comprehension of HR department role and how it can put women in a workplace where the rights for men and women are equally fair. The gender issue used here based on constructionist approach was suggested by Scott (1986, p.1067) where \'gender is a constitutive element of social relationships based on perceived differences between the sexes, and gender is a primary way of signifying relationships of power\' and this way may be influenced by social changes. There are also concepts of Strategic Management of Human Resources based on perspective contingency (LEPAK; SHAW, 2008) and the different HR ways of valuing or dissolving the differences between major and minor groups (LIFF, 1997). Referring to Organizational Justice, there are four dimensions that create a concept: Distributive, Procedural, Interpersonal and Informational Justice, its links with HR methods and gender issues. To make this survey it was used the analysis of discursive practices by Spink (2011) and as the topic is under social changes, \'Social Theory of Discourse by Fairclough (2001) as well. It\'s shown that HR professionals describe a woman as qualified, careful, sensible, with a holistic view to analyze the situation. They are (or will be) mothers, heterosexuals and occupy high positions. When women don\'t have these characteristics or expected behavior, they are considered more masculine. HR professionals put themselves in charge of developing HR polices and influencing managers responsible for decision taking of Selection, Compensation and Promotion, providing healthy working environment for women as well. During the interviews it was shown that variables influence HR Organizational Justice Professionals and others perception related to woman condition and the context that lead to the difference between men and women. As for Diversity Management methods that could contribute to equality between women and men in the workplace, it was proven that it\'s possible to blend Valuing Difference methods with Dissolving Difference methods.

An educator is more than a person who just transmits knowledge. An educator plays many different roles in the lives of learners, colleagues and their immediate community. Educators have the opportunity to influence the community, develop learners holistically, create lifelong learners and reflective thinkers. For an educator to demonstrate such competence across a range of teaching roles and contexts, a vast range of operational competencies are required. The purpose of this study was to examine secondary school educators‟ perceptions of the operational competencies required to function in public schools. The literature study explored the roles of the educator and the operational competencies needed to function in a secondary school. A quantitative survey in the form of a questionnaire was used in the study to analyse the level of agreement that educators attached to certain operational competencies. The level of agreement indicated by the educators is likely to indicate the level of importance that they attach to the operational competency. A probability sampling technique in the form of simple random sampling was used in this study. Random samples were drawn from educators in secondary public schools in the Fezile Dabi and Sedibeng districts. A sample size of 280 educators was used. Of the 280 questionnaires that were administered, 49 were not returned and 20 were incomplete, resulting in 211 usable questionnaires. The results of the survey indicated that the competency factors that educators perceived to be of importance were: communication and behaviour management, interpersonal relationships, planning and assessment, leadership skills and perseverance and organisational commitment. The level of correlation of these identified factors with teaching satisfaction was also assessed- indicating that interpersonal relationships had the highest correlation with teaching satisfaction and factors like planning and assessment, organisational commitment and communication and behaviour management had a moderate influence on teaching satisfaction. v Leadership skills and perseverance do not have a great influence on teaching satisfaction. The value of the research is that it makes a useful contribution for planners in the Department of Education of South Africa by making them aware of the operational competencies required by educators in public schools. The results of the research could be used to develop the operational competencies that are not perceived by educators to be of importance and to enhance the teaching satisfaction of educators.

Este estudo foi elaborado visando contribuir para o debate sobre as mudanças que ocorreram na vida empresarial brasileira durante a última década. Seu principal objetivo consiste em analisar uma dimensão particular deste processo de mudança: as Políticas e Práticas de Gestão de Pessoas que foram adotadas como parte do ajuste geral das empresas brasileiras às pressões competitividade. Ele procura identificar se estas mudanças configuram uma nova forma de atuação qualitativamente diferente das anteriores, constituindo o que podemos chamar de Modelo Competitivo de Gestão de Pessoas. Por ser uma abstração teórica, o modelo é inicialmente construído com base no que a literatura nacional e internacional prevê como tendência geral para a área. Depois, através de uma pesquisa com formadores de opinião, se definem dois resultados intermediários do estudo. São selecionadas as tendências mais aplicáveis ao caso brasileiro e se estabelece um conjunto de empresas nacionais mais representativas do novo modelo de formação. Nas empresas mais destacadas, foram realizados estudos de caso. O que permitiu formar um quadro explicativo mais aprofundado sobre as transformações ocorridas na história recente de suas funções de Recursos Humanos. Embora trate-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, que aborda um movimento ainda em curso na vida econômica e empresarial do país, algumas constatações puderam ser reveladas pelas duas técnicas de investigação adotadas. A principal delas é que as empresas realmente alteraram de forma radical a maneira de se relacionar com seus empregados. Passaram a exigir resultados, a estabelecer uma relação mais profissional e diferenciadora do desempenho individual, além de atribuir às pessoas maior responsabilidade. Com isso o ambiente de trabalho tornou-se mais desafiante e estimulador do desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional, ao mesmo tempo em que se transferiu para a vida organizacional os mesmos princípios de competitividade que regem a lógica do mundo dos negócios. Para que isso aconteça, as políticas, processos e procedimentos de Recursos Humanos são formatados de maneira a gerar mais competição, diferenciação e engajamento ao mercado de trabalho, do que solidariedade, cooperação e lealdade à empresa. / The present study was conceived as to contribute for the debate on the changes that took place in the last decade in Brazilian entrepreneurial life. Its main intent is to analyse a particular dimension of this process: the Policies and Practices of Personnel Management, which were adopted as part of the general compromise of Brazilian enterprises to the pressures for competitivity. It endeavours to ascertain whether these changes demarcate a new management style, qualitatively distinct from former experiences, embodying what could be labelled as Competitive Model of Personnel Management. As a theoretical abstraction, the model is initially built on the basis of what national and international literatures foresee as a general trend for the field. Subsequently, by means of a survey with opinion leaders, two intermediate results of the study are defined. Trends best fitted to Brazilian case are selected and a group of national enterprises best representing the new emerging model is established. Case studies were conducted in the most prominent enterprises. This availed the devising of a deeper explaining framework of the transformations occurred in the recent history of their manpower management functions. Despite being an exploratory investigation, that approaches a process still in course in the economical and entrepreneurial life of the country, a few issues could be unveiled through the two techniques adopted. The main item among these is the fact that enterprises are indeed radically changing the way they relate with employees. They came to demand results, and began to establish a relationship more professional and more oriented to individual performances, besides bestowing more responsibility to people. As a corollary, the working environment became more challenging as well as more stimulating for personal and professional development. Simultaneously, the same principles of competitivity that drive the rationale of business world were transferred to corporate life. For such a scenario becoming true, policies, processes and procedures concerning Human Resources are geared at increasing competitiveness, differentiation and engagement to work market instead of solidarity, co-operation and loyalty to the enterprise.