Thèse--Université de Paris. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-317) and index.

This dissertation explores humanism, the rediscovery of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome, in late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century England. It does so with reference to texts, institutional settings, and networks both within and beyond England, and examines the activities of several seemingly minor figures who have been absent from recent scholarship on the topic: John Holt, William Lily, Richard Croke, Leonard Cox, and Thomas Lupset. These figures made distinctive and original contributions to the genres in which they operated, whether the grammatical manual, educational treatise, dialogue, or philosophical meditation. They are also noteworthy for their considerable influence, whether in England or further abroad. With regard to Croke and Cox, the integration of previously unknown sources from France and Germany and overlooked ones from eastern Europe reveals that England could be an exporter and not merely an importer of humanism. Taken together, these individuals demonstrate that English humanism was more sophisticated and complex than its frequent characterisation as 'Erasmian' would suggest. In addition, this dissertation analyses the influence of humanism on two school foundations: St Paul's School and Ipswich College. It re-evaluates the portrayal of John Colet as an anti-intellectual, and understands St Paul's as a deeply personal endeavour, reflecting his desire to do better for the next generation. It establishes the depth and significance of humanism in Cardinal Wolsey's foundation of Ipswich College, hitherto accorded less importance by historians than his Oxford college. The examination of the little-known materials he published on the eve of his fall in 1529, together with reports from staff on its progress, show that he regarded it as central to his ambitious vision for England and to the creation of his own reputation as a civic humanist. This research therefore revises our understanding of a neglected period, and engages with the vexed questions at the heart of the study of humanism: how contemporaries dealt with the tension between their faith and their enthusiasm for pagan culture, and regarded the rival attractions of scholarly leisure and active public service.

La Tesis estudia el desarrollo de las lenguas vernáculas,el uso de la lengua y el arte de traducir en la tradición Humanista y en el Humanismo reformador europeo. En la primera parte se analiza el Humanismo renacentista y su contribución al desarrollo de las lenguas vernáculas en Europa. En la segunda parte se examina el uso concreto de la lengua y el modo de entender el arte de la traducción por parte del Humanismo reformador Europeo. El estudio de las aportaciones que se han producido al respecto, se lleva a cabo analizando las contribuciones que personajes relevantes de dicho periodo histórico han hecho: Erasmo, Lutero, Cisneros, Nebrija, Vives, Juan de Valdés y Luis de León, como notables representantes europeos del Humanismo reformador y excelentes estudiosos del uso de la lengua. A todos ellos les importó el uso de la lengua y el arte de la traducción. / The thesis studies the development of the vernacular languages, the use of the language and the art of translating in the Humanist tradition and in the European reformer Humanism. In the first part, the Humanism of the Renaissance and its contribution to the development of the vernacular languages in Europe have been analyzed. In the second part, the concrete use of the language and the way to understand the art of translating by the European reformer Humanism have been examined. The resulting study on the matter has been carried out analyzing the contributions that excellent thinkers of this historical period have done: Erasmo, Lutero, Cisneros, Nebrija, Vives, Juan de Valdés and Luis de León, as remarkable representatives of the European reformer Humanism and excellent experts on how to use the language and the art of translating.

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The dissertation looks into the book culture, book production and readership in the kingdom of Bohemia in early humanism. It explores the conditions of rise and reception of book printing in the kingdom of Bohemia. The mind-set of the Utraquist society, resistant to the influence from abroad, international isolation of the Utraquist Bohemia and the previous insignificant manuscript production proved to be the factors which failed to encourage the arrival of book printing in the country. The initial advancement of book printing was hesitant and could not to keep up with the more developed trade abroad. The Czech printing production related to the efforts of reformation to further enhance the moral status of the society soon turned to disseminating literature in the vernacular, yet often they were translated literature. The early Czech printed production however was affected by low quality and quantity of prints and was not of the significance declared by the previous generations of researchers. Personalities of the Catholic society were more inclusive about new ideas from abroad. In the contemporary society the Catholics were therefore the first ones to embrace book printing and also they were quicker in reception of humanism. The early humanist literature in Bohemia is related to the personality of...