The purpose of this thesis is to point out explicitly the rather startling fact that each of these three writers in a novel which is representative of his own art and world view had developed the hunt-quest theme in a pattern and manner which are almost identical.

The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) is an important region for wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in North America, yet little is known about their spatiotemporal habitat use and related survival in Mississippi. I tracked 126 radio-marked female mallards to quantify survival, habitat use, and use of wildlife management areas (WMAs) with experimental hunt regimes in the south MAV of Mississippi during winters 2010-2012. Daily survival was greatest in agricultural (0.997) and moist-soil (0.999) habitats in winters 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, respectively. Overall interval survival across both winters was 0.60 (SE = 0.02). Forested (40-54%) and moist-soil wetlands (41-59%) received greatest use diurnally and nocturnally, respectively. Mallards used WMAs similarly (P > 0.22) whether they were hunted 2- or 4-days/week. My data suggest that complexes of flooded cropland, forest, and moist-soil habitats are suitable habitats for mallards in the MAV, WMAs can be hunted 4-days/week, and sanctuaries should be revised at two WMAs.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of cognitive moral development on ethical judgments, intentions, and behavior. In particular, the question is addressed as to whether cognitive moral development plays a moderating role in the Hunt-Vitell (1986, 1991) model between the situational factors and teleological evaluation. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experimental design involving cognitive moral development, desirability of perceived consequences to self, and desirability of perceived consequences to other, was operationalized through the use of specific scenarios designed to elicit ethical decision making. The population used in this study were a sample of purchasing managers from the Carolinas-Virginia chapter of the National Association of Purchasing Managers. Pretesting was conducted to refine the scenarios used in the final study, and to assess subject reactions. The results provided some support to several of the links proposed by Hunt and Vitell. However, the central role of cognitive moral development in the model was not strongly supported. Limitations of the study, future research, and managerial implications of the findings are discussed. / Ph. D.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 9 avril 2024) / Recouvrant la glace surélevée de Ward Hunt (traduction libre de *Ward Hunt Ice Rise, WHIR*) (Nunavut, Canada), des trous reconnus comme étant des points chauds de diversité microbienne avec des taux d'infection virale très élevés y sont retrouvés. La WHIR est actuellement stable, mais elle fait face aux conséquences des changements climatiques drastiques. Ce milieu naturel est éloigné des activités anthropiques et peut servir de référence avant d'être irréversiblement impacté. De plus, les communautés microbiennes des cryoconites ont su développer des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques (GRA) loin de l'influence anthropique. Ainsi, les objectifs seront de caractériser la diversité et l'abondance virale et bactérienne dans l'eau de fonte et les sédiments des cryoconites. De plus, la présence de GRA, associés ou non aux virus sera identifiée. Les hypothèses sont les suivantes ; i) que les sédiments présentent une richesse relativement élevée de taxons viraux et bactériens par rapport à l'eau de fonte ; ii) que l'eau de fonte et les sédiments hébergeront des taxons spécifiques, entraînant un indice de dissimilarité élevé ; et iii) que les sédiments agiront comme un réservoir naturel de multiples GRA et que les virus joueront un rôle dans la dissémination de ces gènes. Une analyse par métagénomique a permis de conclure que l'eau de fonte présente une diversité microbienne plus élevée en comparaison avec les sédiments et que huit familles de GRA ont été retrouvées dans les sédiments de cryoconites, mais aucun GRA n'a été associé aux virus. Cette étude apporte donc de nouvelles données sur la diversité microbienne et recense la présence de GRA des cryoconites de l'Arctique canadien situés sur la WHIR. / Covering the Ward Hunt Ice Rise (Nunavut, Canada), meltwater-filled holes recognized as hotspots of microbial and viral diversity are present. While the Ward Hunt Ice Rise (WHIR) is currently stable, it is experiencing drastic climatic changes. Consequently, this pristine and remote environment can serve as a reference point for the future impacts of climate change. Moreover, cryoconite communities may support antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) profiles, which have developed in isolation from anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution. Identifying environmentally intrinsic ARGs could serve as a comparative baseline to future community change. The objectives of this work were to characterize viral and bacterial diversity and abundance in meltwater and sediments. Additionally, the presence of ARGs within cryoconites was assessed, as was their association or lack thereof, with viral genomes. The hypotheses are: i) that sediments exhibit a relatively high richness of viral and bacterial taxa compared to meltwater; ii) that meltwater and sediments potentially harbor specific taxa, leading to a high dissimilarity index; and iii) it is hypothesized that sediments will act as a natural reservoir for multiple ARGs, with viruses playing a role in the dissemination of these genes. Metagenomic analyses revealed that meltwater represents the highest microbial diversity compared to sediments. Eight families of ARGs were identified in cryoconite sediments, but none were associated with viruses. This study provides new insights into microbial diversity and documents the presence of ARGs from Canadian Arctic cryoconites in the LIA.

Based on the author's Thesis (doctoral--Oxford). / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Möglichkeiten der Beeinflussung der mikrobiologischen Wildfleischqualität auf Bewegungsjagden Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene der Veterinärmediziniscen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Eingereicht im November 2015 57 Seiten, 12 Abbildungen, 5 Tabellen, 59 Literaturangaben Einleitung Im Zuge neuer Jagdstrategien erhält das Konzept der großräumigen Bewegungsjagden immer größere Bedeutung beim Erzielen der Gesamtstrecke und damit auch des Gesamtwildfleischaufkommens. Durch wildverarbeitende Betriebe findet das Produkt Wildfleisch über Supermärkte,Feinkostläden aber auch Fleischertheken den Weg zum Endverbraucher. Ein großer Anteil des für diese Wildhändler wichtigen Weihnachtsgeschäfts wird in der Zeit von Oktober bis Dezember über den Aufkauf von Bewegungsjagdstrecken generiert. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, mit Hilfe der in der Schlachtindustrie angewendeten Analysemethode der Tierkörperbeprobung mit Stanzproben vier unterschiedliche Regime zur Behandlung von auf Bewegungsjagden erlegten Wild in Hinsicht auf die mikrobiologische Qualität zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren wird die mikrobielle Belastung der verschiedenen Wildarten gegenüberstellend mit den mikrobiologischen Prozesshygienekriterien der VO (EG) Nr. 2073/2005 (ANON. 2005) für Schlachtkörper von Nutztieren verglichen. Material und Methoden Die Gewinnung der Proben erfolgte im Zeitraum von Oktober 2011 bis Januar 2012 in einem schleswig-holsteinischen Wildverarbeitungsbetrieb. Insgesamt wurden 217 Schlachttierkörper der Wildarten Reh-, Schwarz-, Dam- und Rotwild in vier verschiedenen Gruppen beprobt. Für Gruppe 1 erfolgte das Ausweiden im Wald durch den Jäger selbst. Die Wildtierkörper wurden revierüblich zum Streckenplatz transportiert, dort in liegender Weise präsentiert und anschließend revierüblich zum Wildverarbeitungsbetrieb transportiert. Gruppe 2 unterscheidet sich von Gruppe 1 durch ein zentrales Ausweiden direkt am Streckenplatz. Für Gruppe 3 wurden neben dem zentralen Ausweiden die Präsentation der Strecke in hängender Form und ein gekühlter Transport zum Wildverarbeitungsbetrieb gewählt. Für Gruppe 4 entfiel die Präsentation komplett und die Wildtierkörper wurden direkt nach dem zentralen Ausweiden in einem Kühltransporter verladen und anschließend abtransportiert. Nach der Enthäutung wurden insgesamt vier Proben mit jeweils 5 cm2 Fläche im Hals-, Brust-, Flanken- und Keulenbereich eines jeden Wildtierschlachtkörpers entnommen. Es erfolgte auf direktem Weg ein gekühlter Transport zum Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene der veterininärmedizinischen Fakultät Leipzig. Für die mikrobiologische Analyse der Gesamtkeimzahl (GKZ), Enterobakterien (EBAC), Enterokokken (EKOK) und Staphylokokken wurde für die ersten 30 der 217 Proben das Spatelverfahren angewendet. Die restlichen 187 Proben wurden aufgrund der stark zunehmenden Probenzahlen mit Tropfplattenverfahrens analysiert. Für Listeria monocytogenes wurden spezielle ALOA-Platten und die entsprechenden biochemischen Nachweismethoden für einen qualitativen Nachweis verwendet. Der qualitative Nachweis von Salmonella spp. wurde mit Voranreicherung und folgenden biochemischen Reaktionen geführt. Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zu den festgelegten Werten der VO (EG) Nr. 2073/2005 (ANON. 2005) für schlachtbare Haustiere sind die ermittelten Werte dieser Untersuchung positiv zu bewerten. So liegen für Enterobakterien die Werte von Schwarz- (1,41 log KbE/cm2) und Damwild (1,43 log KbE/cm2) jeweils unter dem unteren Grenzwert für Haustiere und können somit als befriedigend eingestuft werden. Mit Werten zwischen dem unteren und oberen Grenzwert fallen Reh- (1,99 log KbE/cm2) und Rotwild (2,33 log KbE/cm2) in den akzeptablen Bereich. Ein ähnliches Bild zeigt sich bei der Gesamtkeimzahl. Schwarz- (3,51 log KbE/cm2) und Damwild (3,32 log KbE/cm2) liegen erneut im befriedigenden, Reh- (3,79 log KbE/cm2) und Rotwild (3,85 log KbE/cm2) im akzeptablen Bereich. In keiner der analysierten Wildfleischproben konnten Salmonella spp. oder Listeria monocytogenes nachgewiesen werden. Für Koagulase-positive Staphylokokken ergibt sich eine Nachweisrate von 3,2 % mit einem Mittelwert von 2,44 KbE/cm2. Die über alle Proben gemittelten Werte ergeben 3,57 log KbE/cm2 für die GKZ, 1,60 log KbE/cm2 für EBAC und 0,88 log KbE/cm2 für die EKOK. Für Gruppe 1 wurden für die GKZ Mittelwerte von 3,46 KbE/cm2, für EBAC 1,34 KBE/cm2 und für EKOK 0,87 KbE/cm2 festgestellt. Gruppe 2 weist Werte von 3,78 KbE/cm2 (GKZ), 1,94 KbE/cm2 (EBAC) und 1,18 KbE/cm2 (EKOK) auf. Für Gruppe 3 wurden Mittelwerte von 3,48 KbE/cm2 (GKZ), 1,53 KbE/cm2 (EBAC) und 0,67 KbE/cm2 (EKOK) ermittelt. Gruppe 4 weist Werte von 3,60 KbE/cm2 (GKZ), 1,54 KbE/cm2 (EBAC) und 0,86 KbE/cm2 (EKOK) aus. Es konnten statistisch keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen gesichert werden. Schlussfolgerungen Sauber erlegtes Wildfleisch erfüllt die mikrobiologischen Prozesshygienekriterien konventionell geschlachteter Nutztiere. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung konnten keine hochpathogenen Keime wie Salmonella spp. oder Listeria monocytogenes nachgewiesen werden. Die nicht vorhandenen statistischen Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen deuten darauf hin, dass eine gute allgemeine Hygienepraxis für die Wildfleischqualität entscheidend ist. / Possibilities to influence the microbiological game meat quality on driven hunts Institute of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig Submitted in November 2015 57 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, 59 references Introduction With regard to new hunting strategies, the concept of large-scale driven hunts is increasingly gaining importance for the annual hunting bag and subsequently the total amount of game meat. Via game meat processing enterprises, game meat finds its way along the food chain to the consumer. As game meat is a popular dish in Germany during the Christmas season, a high share of the total annual amount of game is shot within driven hunts from October to December. The goal of this study is to examine the microbiological quality of game meat from hoofed game bagged at driven hunts. After killing, the animals were processed in four different ways with regard to transport, handling, and evisceration. The sampling of all carcasses was performed in a local meat processing enterprise on four different sampling sites using a sterile metal punch. Qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of the samples was performed in order to (i) detect possible differences of the microbiological quality between the four different groups, (ii) compare the microbiological quality of game and slaughtered farm animals, and (iii) develop best practice guidelines for the hygienic production and handling of game meat. Material and methods All sampling took place in a game handling establishment in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, from October 2011 until January 2012. Altogether, 217 carcasses of roe, fallow, and red deer as well as wild boar were sampled in 4 different groups. In group 1 the evisceration of the animal was performed by the hunter. The eviscerated carcasses were hauled to the presentation area in a customary way and presented on the ground due to the hunting tradition. After presentation, the carcasses were transported to the game handling establishment in a customary way. In variation from this, the animals of group 2 were eviscerated together at the presentation area. The animals of group 3 were presented hanging on racks instead of lying and a refrigerated transport to the game handling establishment was used. In group 4 the presentation of the animals after evisceration was skipped and the carcasses were transported to the game handling establishment in a refrigerated vehicle. After skinning, four samples were taken in the area of the neck, chest, flank and joint of each carcass with sterile instruments. The chilled samples were directly brought to the institute of food hygiene of the veterinary medicine faculty of the University of Leipzig. In total, 217 samples were examined with quantitative microbiological methods for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and staphylococci. In addition, qualitative analysis on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was performed on all samples. Results Group 1 shows a mean amount of mesophilic aerobic bacteria of 3.46 cfu/cm2, a mean of 1.34 cfu/cm2 for enterobacteriaceae and a mean of 0.87 cfu/cm2 for enterococci. Group 2 shows a mean amount of mesophilic aerobic bacteria of 3.78 cfu/cm2, a mean of 1.94 cfu/cm2 for enterobacteriaceae and a mean of 1.18 cfu/cm2 for enterococci. For group 3 mean values of 3.48 cfu/cm2 (total plate count), 1.53 cfu/cm2 (enterobacteriaceae), and 0.67 cfu/cm2 (enterococci) were found. For Group 4 mean values of 3.60 cfu/cm2 (total plate count), 1.54 cfu/cm2 (enterobacteriaceae) and 0.86 cfu/cm2 (enterococci) were determined. No statistically significant differences between the groups could be confirmed. Compared to the process hygiene criteria for the carcasses of farm animals laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 (ANON. 2005) on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs, the results of this study have to be rated in a positive way. The average values for enterobacteriaceae for wild boar (1.41 log cfu/cm2) and fallow deer (1.43 log cfu/cm2) are below the lower limit for farm animals and can be rated as satisfying. The counts for enterobacteriaceae in roe deer (1,99 log cfu/cm2) and the red deer (2,33 log cfu/cm2) are still acceptable, in this respect. The average total plate count values in samples from wild boar (3,51 log cfu/cm2) and fallow deer (3,32 log cfu/cm2) is also satisfying. Roe (3,79 log cfu/cm2) and red deer (3,85 log cfu/cm2) can be deemed acceptable. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were found in 7 out of 217 samples or 3.2 % (mean 2,44 cfu/cm2). Also Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in the samples. Conclusion Accurately hunted and processed game meat has a microbial burden that is comparable to farm animals with regard to the process hygiene criteria for the carcasses of farm animals laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 (ANON. 2005) on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. In this study, no pathogens like Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes were found in the game meat samples. The absence of a statistically significant difference between the groups indicates that not a specific set up during bagging and processing but rather the accurate placement of the shot as well as the strict compliance with the Guides to Good Hygiene Practice ensure a high microbiological quality of game meat as well as the absence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Considerando que a história da ciência pode constituir uma ferramenta útil para o ensino de ciência, o objetivo desta dissertação é inicialmente apresentar um material histórico para o ensino e aprendizagem de genética no nível médio. Este diz respeito ao desenvolvimento do conceito de linkage no período compreendido entre 1902 e 1915. A partir deste estudo histórico foi elaborada uma sequência didática com o intuito de auxiliar no ensino e aprendizagem deste conceito. Na construção desta levou-se em conta tanto a dimensão epistêmica como a dimensão pedagógica, considerando o processo de elaboração, métodos e validação do conhecimento científico conforme proposto por Méheut (2005). Esta dissertação compreende uma introdução e três capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute as relações entre história da ciência e o ensino e aprendizagem de genética. O Capítulo 2 apresenta um estudo histórico sobre as explicações para as características que eram herdadas juntas até da proposta do linkage. O Capítulo 3 oferece uma sequência didática. Espera-se que o material elaborado para ser trabalhado em sala de aula possa contribuir para o entendimento do conceito de linkage e mostrar aspectos sobre a natureza da ciência (NDC) tais como: os cientistas podem mudar de ideia; resultados experimentais semelhantes podem ser interpretados à luz de teorias diferentes; e o empreendimento científico é resultado de um trabalho coletivo. / Taking into account that history of science can be an useful tool for the teaching of science, the aim of this dissertation is firstly to present a historical material to the learning and teaching of Genetics in High school. It is related to the growth of the concept of linkage. Departing from this historical study, it presents a teaching-learning sequence, which may assist the teaching and learning of this concept. In the building of such teaching-learning sequence it was taken into account both the pedagogical and epistemic dimensions, considering the drafting process, methods and validation of scientific knowledge, proposed by Méheut (2005). This dissertation comprises an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the relations between history of science and the learning and teaching of genetics. Chapter 2 presents a historical study of the explanations for characteristics which are inherited together until the proposal of linkage. Chapter 3 offers a teaching-learning sequence. It is hoped that the historical material elaborated, to be worked in the classroom could contribute to the understanding of the concept of linkage showing aspects of nature of science (NDC) such us: similar experimental results may be interpreted according different theories; the scientists may change their mind; and that science endeavor results from a collective work.

Considerando que a história da ciência pode constituir uma ferramenta útil para o ensino de ciência, o objetivo desta dissertação é inicialmente apresentar um material histórico para o ensino e aprendizagem de genética no nível médio. Este diz respeito ao desenvolvimento do conceito de linkage no período compreendido entre 1902 e 1915. A partir deste estudo histórico foi elaborada uma sequência didática com o intuito de auxiliar no ensino e aprendizagem deste conceito. Na construção desta levou-se em conta tanto a dimensão epistêmica como a dimensão pedagógica, considerando o processo de elaboração, métodos e validação do conhecimento científico conforme proposto por Méheut (2005). Esta dissertação compreende uma introdução e três capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute as relações entre história da ciência e o ensino e aprendizagem de genética. O Capítulo 2 apresenta um estudo histórico sobre as explicações para as características que eram herdadas juntas até da proposta do linkage. O Capítulo 3 oferece uma sequência didática. Espera-se que o material elaborado para ser trabalhado em sala de aula possa contribuir para o entendimento do conceito de linkage e mostrar aspectos sobre a natureza da ciência (NDC) tais como: os cientistas podem mudar de ideia; resultados experimentais semelhantes podem ser interpretados à luz de teorias diferentes; e o empreendimento científico é resultado de um trabalho coletivo. / Taking into account that history of science can be an useful tool for the teaching of science, the aim of this dissertation is firstly to present a historical material to the learning and teaching of Genetics in High school. It is related to the growth of the concept of linkage. Departing from this historical study, it presents a teaching-learning sequence, which may assist the teaching and learning of this concept. In the building of such teaching-learning sequence it was taken into account both the pedagogical and epistemic dimensions, considering the drafting process, methods and validation of scientific knowledge, proposed by Méheut (2005). This dissertation comprises an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the relations between history of science and the learning and teaching of genetics. Chapter 2 presents a historical study of the explanations for characteristics which are inherited together until the proposal of linkage. Chapter 3 offers a teaching-learning sequence. It is hoped that the historical material elaborated, to be worked in the classroom could contribute to the understanding of the concept of linkage showing aspects of nature of science (NDC) such us: similar experimental results may be interpreted according different theories; the scientists may change their mind; and that science endeavor results from a collective work.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2000. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 2000. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.