Limited research has been conducted with regards to the applicability of topic extraction techniques in Sociology. Addressing the modern methodological opportunities, and responding to the skepticism with regards to the absence of theoretical foundations supporting the use of text analytics, I argue that Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), complemented by other text analysis techniques and multivariate techniques, can constitute a unique hybrid method that can facilitate the sociological interpretations of web-based textual data. To illustrate the applicability of the hybrid technique, I developed two case studies. My first case study is associated with the Sociology of media. It focuses on the topic extraction and sentiment polarization among partisan texts posted on two major news sites. I find evidence of highly polarized opinions on comments posted on the Huffington Post and the Daily Caller. The highest polarizing topic was associated with a commentator’s reference on Hoodies in the context of the Trayvon Martin’s incident. My findings support contemporary research suggesting that media pundits frequently use tactics of outrage to provoke polarization of public opinion. My second case study contributes to the research domain of the Sociology of knowledge. The hybrid method revealed evidence of topical divides and topical “bridges” in the intellectual landscape of the British and the American sociological journals. My findings confirm the theoretical assertions describing Sociology as a fractured field, and partially support the existence of more globalized topics in the discipline.

Methoden der Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) sind beliebte quantenmechanische (QM) Verfahren. Einige Größen, wie z.B. Dispersionsenergien oder Reaktionsbarrieren, werden mit Standardfunktionalen jedoch schlecht beschrieben. Solche Probleme sind für kleine Systeme mit Elektronenkorrelationsmethoden lösbar. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Hybridansatz vorgestellt, der Vorzüge von DFT und Elektronenkorrelationsmethoden vereint. Dazu erfolgen DFT-Rechnungen für das Gesamtsystem und ein darin eingebettetes Modell des aktiven Zentrums. Dieses wird außerdem mit Moller–Plesset Störungstheorie zweiter Ordnung (MP2) zur Korrektur entsprechender DFT-Werte beschrieben. Die Zuverlässigkeit so erzielter Ergebnisse wird durch Extrapolation auf den Grenzfall einer vollständigen Orbitalbasis und eines unverkleinerten Modells erhöht. MP2-Korrekturen werden für eine Reihe unterschiedlich großer Modelle ermittelt. Daran wird ein C6-Paarpotential angepasst, das auch für das (periodische) Gesamtsystem die Ableitung von Werten in MP2-Qualität erlaubt. Zur Anwendung der Hybridmethode in der Katalyseforschung werden Protonensprünge im Zeolith Chabasit und Protonierungsreaktionen von Isobuten im Zeolith Ferrierit untersucht. Die MP2/DFT-Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Aktivierungsbarrieren mit einfachen Dichtefunktionalen unterschätzt werden. Geschwindigkeitskonstanten sind nach Korrektur um ein bis zwei Größenordnungen kleiner. DFT-Adsorptions- und -Chemisorptionsenergien für Kohlenwasserstoffe in Zeolithen sind nicht verlässlich. Unterschiedlich große MP2-Korrekturen für die untersuchten Produkte liegen in einem Bereich von –29 bis –70 kJ/mol. Gegenüber dem wasserstoffgebundenen tert-Butylcarbeniumion profitieren Oberflächenalkoxide energetisch am meisten von der Erfassung der Dispersion. Die berechnete MP2-Adsorptionswärme des Isobutens im Zeolith Ferrierit (–74+–10 kJ/mol) entspricht experimentellen Anhaltspunkten und zeigt die Zuverlässigkeit des in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Hybridansatzes. / Density functional theory (DFT) belongs to the most popular computational approaches in quantum mechanics (QM). For certain terms, e.g., dispersion energies or reaction barriers, widely used functionals do not yield reliable results. For small systems these problems can be overcome by using electron correlation methods. In this work a hybrid approach is presented combining advantages of both DFT and electron correlation methods. DFT calculations are performed for the full system and an embedded model representing the active site. The embedded model is also described by second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) to obtain corrections to corresponding DFT values. The reliability of the results obtained with this hybrid method is further improved by extrapolation to the limiting case of a complete orbital basis set and an unreduced model system. MP2 corrections are obtained for a series of models of increasing size to fit a C6 pair potential. The fitted potential is applied to the full (periodic) system yielding results of MP2 quality. The hybrid method is applied in the field of catalysis research to investigate proton jump reactions in the zeolite chabazite and protonation reactions of isobutene in the zeolite ferrierite. The MP2/DFT results obtained confirm that with purely gradient corrected density functionals reaction barriers are clearly underestimated. Rate constants are corrected by one to two orders of magnitude. DFT reaction energies for adsorption and chemisorption of hydrocarbons in zeolites are not reliable. MP2 corrections obtained range between –29 and –70 kJ/mol and are not the same for different products. Compared to the hydrogen-bonded tert-butyl carbenium ion the surface alkoxides benefit most from treating dispersion explicitly. The calculated MP2 heat of adsorption of isobutene in ferrierite (–74+–10 kJ/mol) corresponds to experimental clues and underlines the reliability of the hybrid MP2/DFT approach presented in this work.

<p>In this thesis we study hybrid numerical methods to be used in computational electromagnetics. The purpose is to address a wide frequency range relative to a given geometry. We also focus on efficient and robust numerical algorithms for computing the so called Smooth Surface Diffraction predicted by Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD). We restrict the presentation to frequency domain scattering problems.</p><p>The hybrid methods consist in combinations of Boundary Element Methods and asymptotic methods. Three hybrids will be presented. One of them has been developed from a theoretical idea to an industrial code. The two other hybrids will be presented mainly from a theoretical perspective.</p><p>To be able to compute the Smooth Surface Diffracted field we introduce a numerical method that is to be used with surface curvature sensitive meshing, complemented with auxiliary data taken from a geometry database. By using two geometry representations we can show first order convergence and we then achieve an efficient and robust numerical algorithm. This numerical algorithm may be an essential part of an GTD implementation which in its turn is a component in the hybrid methods.</p><p>As a background to our new techiniques we will also give short introductions to the Boundary Element Method and the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction from a theoretical and implementational point of view.</p>

In this thesis we study hybrid numerical methods to be used in computational electromagnetics. The purpose is to address a wide frequency range relative to a given geometry. We also focus on efficient and robust numerical algorithms for computing the so called Smooth Surface Diffraction predicted by Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD). We restrict the presentation to frequency domain scattering problems. The hybrid methods consist in combinations of Boundary Element Methods and asymptotic methods. Three hybrids will be presented. One of them has been developed from a theoretical idea to an industrial code. The two other hybrids will be presented mainly from a theoretical perspective. To be able to compute the Smooth Surface Diffracted field we introduce a numerical method that is to be used with surface curvature sensitive meshing, complemented with auxiliary data taken from a geometry database. By using two geometry representations we can show first order convergence and we then achieve an efficient and robust numerical algorithm. This numerical algorithm may be an essential part of an GTD implementation which in its turn is a component in the hybrid methods. As a background to our new techiniques we will also give short introductions to the Boundary Element Method and the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction from a theoretical and implementational point of view.

Etudes sur des problèmes de conception de réseau .Ce travail trouve sa motivation dans le grand nombre d’applications liées aux problèmes deconception de réseau, ainsi que dans leur complexités. En particulier, nous nous focalisonsur deux problèmes de conception de réseau, le Fixed Charge Uncapacitated NetworkDesign Problem with User-optimal Flow (FCNDP-UOF) et le Transmission ExpansionPlanning Problem with Redesign (TEPR). Bien qu’appartenant tout deux à la classe desproblèmes de conception de réseau, ils ont des structures différentes et spécifiques qui lesrendent intéressants.Le FCNDP-UOF est relatif au transport de produits dans les grands centres urbainset peut être modélisé comme un problème de programmation linéaire discret à deuxniveaux. Ce type de problème implique deux agents agissant simultanément plutôt queséquentiellement lors de la prise décisions. Au niveau supérieur, le leader est chargéde choisir un sous-ensemble d’arrêtes qui seront ouvertes afin de minimiser la somme descoûts fixes (d’ouverture d’arrête) et variable (de transport des commodités sur les arrêtes).Au niveau inférieur, le suiveur doit choisir un ensemble de plus courts chemins dans leréseau, par lesquels les produits seront envoyé. L’effet d’un agent sur l’autre est indirect:la décision du suiveur est affectée par le réseau conçu par le niveau supérieur, alors quela décision du leader est affectée par les coûts variables imposés par les chemins établisau niveau inférieur.Le TEPR est un problème permettant d’établir une stratégie d’expansion des réseaux detransport d’électricité en ajoutant ou supprimant des lignes de transmission. Au contrairedes autres problèmes de conception de réseau, tels que les problème des transport public,de transport de marchandises (problème de tournées de véhicules), transport de données(conception de réseau de télécommunication), l’ajout d’une ligne de transmission peutrendre impraticable une configuration qui avant etait réalisable. Cette caractéristique estdue au fait que le gestionnaire du réseau ne peut pas choisir la façon dont les lignes detransmission seront utilisées. Il ne peut agir que sur la répartition de la production etn’affecter qu’indirectement l’acheminement de l?énergie et ne peut que choisir les anglesde voltage. Cette caracteristique rend le problème a la fois très difficile et très intérêssant.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier ces deux problèmes et de développer desalgorithmes exacts, des métaheuristiques et des méthodes hybrides. Pour le premièrproblème, on a étudié trois formulations mathemátiques, deux méthodes permettant detrouver des limites inférieures (une génération de colonnes et une heuristique) et on adéveloppé plusieurs méthodes qui ont été combinées pour obtenir une méthode de typeGRASP et une méthode de type Recherche Locale Itérative. Pour le deuxième problèmenous avons généré de nouvelles instances, développé deux nouvelles méthodes et testé cesdeux approches comme des alternatives à la résolution directe du modèle mathématique.La première méthode est une méthode de décomposition de Benders. La seconde est unecombinaison de la formulation mathématique avec un local branching.Toutes les méthodes ont été testées intensivement. Les résultats montrent l’efficacité desméthodes par rapport à l’état de l’art de chaque problème. / This thesis deals with two network design problems by means of exact, metaheuristic and hybrid techniques. The first problem studied here is the Fixed Charge Uncapacitated Network Design Problem with User-optimal Flow (FCNDP-UOF), which concerns routing multiple commodities from its origin to its destination by designing a network through selecting arcs, with an objective of minimizing the sum of the fixed costs of the selected arcs plus the sum of variable costs associated to the flows on each arc. Besides that, since the FCNDP-UOF is a bilevel problem, each commodity has to be transported through a shortest path, concerning the edges length, in the built network. To this problem existent mathematical formulations were studied and had its linear relaxations compared. After that, new heuristics and two new hybrid methods were tested. Computational experiments shows that the proposed algorithms for the FCNDP-UOF worked very well leading to a new state of the art method. The second problem studied is the Transmission Expansion Planning Problem with Redesign (TEPr), which given a new set of loads and an initial network, consists of adding or removing transmission lines in order to satisfy the new imposed loads, while minimizing the operational cost. The developed method is call Ring Partition Search and can be used as both exact and heuristic method. Computational experiments shows the impact of this method in comparison to the straight forward application of the mathematical formulation in a commercial solver. / Esta tese trata de dois problemas de planejamento de redes por meio de técnicas exatas,metaheurísticos e híbridos. O primeiro problema aqui estudado é o Problema de Planejamentode Redes com Rotas Ótimas para o Usuário (FCNDP-UOF), que diz respeitoao roteamento de múltiplos produtos desde sua origem até ao seu destino. Para realizareste roteamento uma rede é construída, minimizando a soma dos custos de adição dosarcos selecionados mais a soma dos custos variáveis associados aos fluxos em cada arco.Além disso, uma vez que o FCNDP-UOF é um problema de dois níveis, cada mercadoriatem que ser transportados por um caminho mais curto, relativo à ao comprimento dosarcos, na rede construída. Para este problema formulações matemáticas existentes foramestudadas e tiveram a força de suas relaxações lineares comparada. Depois disso, umanova heurística e dois novos métodos híbridos foram testados. Os experiências computacionaismostram que os algoritmos propostos para o FCNDP-UOF funcionam muito bemsuperando o estado da arte do problema. O segundo problema estudado é o problema dePlanejamento de Expansão de Redes de Transmissão com Redimensionamento (TEPR),que dado um novo conjunto de demandas e uma rede inicial, consiste na adição ou remoçãode linhas de transmissão, a fim de satisfazer as novas demandas impostas, minimizandoo custo operacional. Dois métodos foram desenvolvidos. O primeiro é uma decomposiçãode benders onde um conjunto de variáveis continuas é permitido no problema mestre,melhorando assim o limite da relaxação inicial. O segundo, chamado Busca Particionadaem Anéis, pode ser usado tanto como método exato e heurística. Experimentos computacionaismostraram o impacto destes métodos em comparação com a aplicação direta daformulação matemática em um solver comercial.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-16T12:55:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAAAD.pdf: 1563807 bytes, checksum: cd9db1180896a8d853b8d7cd4c694860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:31:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAAAD.pdf: 1563807 bytes, checksum: cd9db1180896a8d853b8d7cd4c694860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:31:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAAAD.pdf: 1563807 bytes, checksum: cd9db1180896a8d853b8d7cd4c694860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T18:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAAAD.pdf: 1563807 bytes, checksum: cd9db1180896a8d853b8d7cd4c694860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this dissertation we address the vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple deliverymen, a variant of the vehicle routing problem that involves the additional decision of the crew size definition of the vehicles, besides scheduling and routing decisions. This problem arises in the distribution of goods in highly congested urban areas, where due to the relatively long service times, it may be difficult to serve all clients during regular working hours. Given this difficulty, an alternative consists in including the deliverymen assignment decision, which leads to extra costs in addition to travel and vehicle costs. The objective is to define routes to serve customer clusters minimizing the number of vehicles used, the number of allocated deliverymen and the traveled distance. In this study, we develop different solution methods to solve this problem. Initially, we present two metaheuristic approaches, which are based on Iterated Local Search and Large Neighborhood Search. Then we propose hybrid methods, combining these metaheuristics with a branch-price-and-cut method. Computational experiments using instances from the literature confirm the efficiency of the solution methods developed for the problem. / Nesta dissertação aborda-se o problema de roteamento de veículos com janelas de tempo e múltiplos entregadores, uma variante do problema de roteamento de veículos recentemente proposta na literatura que, além das decisões de programação e roteamento, envolve a determinação do tamanho da tripulação de cada veículo. Esse problema surge na distribuição de bens em centros urbanos congestionados em que, devido aos tempos de serviço relativamente longos, pode ser difícil atender a todos os clientes durante o horário normal de trabalho. Diante dessa dificuldade, uma alternativa consiste em incluir a designação de entregadores extras, o que gera custos adicionais aos custos tradicionais de deslocamento e utilização de veículos. Neste problema, o objetivo é definir rotas para atender grupos de clientes minimizando o número de veículos usados, o número total de entregadores designados e a distância total percorrida. Para tratar o problema, são desenvolvidos diferentes métodos de solução. Inicialmente, são apresentadas duas abordagens metaheurísticas baseadas em Busca Local Iterada e Busca em Vizinhança Grande. Posteriormente, são propostos métodos híbridos de solução a partir da combinação dessas metaheurísticas com um método branch-price-and-cut. Experimentos computacionais usando instâncias encontradas na literatura confirmam a eficiência dos métodos de solução desenvolvidos para o problema.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux phénomènes d’hydratation de composés organiques à l’échelle moléculaire. Des méthodes basées sur une fonction d’onde multi-déterminantale sont capables de rendre compte des phénomènes de hydratation avec une précision approchant la réalité expérimentale. Or, ces méthodes sont limitées par la taille du système. L’utilisation de la DFT semble indispensable à une étude de complexes, même pour un nombre limité de molécules d’eau. Il s’avère que ces méthodes ne prennent pas en compte les interactions de nature dispersive. Des corrections empiriques ont été proposées récemment pour palier à ce problème. Cependant, ces corrections ne s’appliquent qu’à l’énergie et sur la géométrie des complexes hydratées, la fonction d’onde n’étant pas affectée par la correction. D’autres alternatives pour la prise en compte des effets de dispersion reposent sur l’emploi de méthodes hybrides fonction d’onde/DFT. Ceci peut s’effectuer en introduisant une séparation de portée dans le traitement des interactions électroniques. L’un des objectifs de cette thèse consiste à proposer une nouvelle méthode double hybride à séparation de portée permettant une bonne description des phénomènes d’hydratation. L’autre objectif de cette thèse consiste à utiliser des outils topologiques permettant la prédiction de composés organiques hydraté par l’étude du potentiel électrostatique moléculaire et la caractérisation de ces interactions non covalentes par la théorie AIM. / This thesis deals with hydration phenomena of organic compounds at the molecular scale. The Schrodinger equation considered within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and within a non-relativistic context contains all the physics necessary to describe in particular the micro-solvation of organic compounds. Methods that are based on a multi-determinant wave function are able to account for micro-hydration phenomena with a precision approaching the experimental reality. These methods are limited by the size of the system. The use of DFT seems necessary for a study of complexes, even for a limited number of water molecules. It turns out that these methods do not take into account dispersive interactions. Empirical corrections have recently been proposed to address this problem. However, these corrections apply only to the energy and to the geometry of the hydrated complexes, the wave function not being affected by the correction. Other alternatives for taking into account dispersion effects using double-hybrid methods should thus be considered. This can be done by introducing a range separation on the electronic interactions. There are two main objectives in this thesis. The first one is to propose a new double-hybrid method with range separation allowing a satisfactorily description of the hydration phenomena at the molecular scale. The second objective consists in using topological tools allowing the prediction of hydrated organic compounds using the electrostatic molecular potential and the characterization of these non-covalent interactions by the "Atoms in molecules" theory.

[pt] Devido às propriedades de banda larga e polarização circular, as antenas espirais tornaram-se bastante atrativas para diversos serviços de telecomunicações modernos e móveis. Neste trabalho uma antena espiral tipo fenda apoiada em uma cavidade cilíndrica metálica foi analisada. Por causa de sua geometria complexa, optou-se por um método numérico híbrido, realizado através de uma implementação de elementos mistos do método dos elementos finitos - integral de fronteira. Baseado nesta formulação, um programa computacional foi desenvolvido. Um grande esforço foi realizado a fim de escrever o programa de maneira que o armazenamento e as necessidades computacionais fossem mínimos, boa parte conseguida pela aplicação das condições de contorno na superfície metálica. Com o objetivo de melhor explorar a geometria do problema, definiu-se uma malha de elementos finitos onde a parte que cabia a abertura foi dividida em quadriláteros enquanto que no restante da superfície, elementos triangulares foram utilizados. Repetiu-se então esta malha ao longo da altura da cavidade, de maneira que hexaedros e prismas formaram a malha final. Para cada espécie de elemento, funções de base vetoriais específicas foram aplicadas. A fim de verificar a precisão do algoritmo, o mesmo programa computacional foi utilizado na análise de uma antena tipo fenda retangular, também apoiada em uma cavidade cilíndrica metálica. / [en] Known for the properties of broadband and circular polarization, spiral antennas have become sufficiently attractive for services of modern and mobile telecommunications. In this work a cavity-backed slot spiral antenna was analyzed. Because of its complex geometry, it was chosen a hybrid numerical method, carried through an implementation of mixing elements of the finite elements - boundary integral method. Based in this formulation, a computer program was developed. A great effort was carried out in order to write the program thus the computational storage and necessities were minimum, good part obtained by application of the boundary conditions on the metallic surface. With the goal of better exploring the geometry of the problem, a mesh of finite elements was defined where the part that fit the aperture was divided into quadrilaterals, while that in the rest of the surface, triangular elements were used. By repeating this mesh along the height of the cavity, hexahedrals and prisms formed the final mesh. For each kind of element, specific vector base functions were applied. In order to verify the accuracy of the algorithm, the same computational program was used in the analysis of a cavity-backed slot rectangular antenna.

[pt] Este trabalho aborda o projeto de antenas omnidirecionais de duplorefletores, onde o refletor principal é obtido a partir de uma geratriz circular. A antena é composta de refletores circularmente simétricos e concêntricos que são alimentados por uma corneta cônica coaxial excitada pelo modo TEM para a produção de polarização vertical. Para realizar este estudo são utilizadas técnicas de síntese e de análise eletromagnética rigorosa. A técnica de análise eletromagnética rigorosa é baseada na associação do Método de Casamento de Modos para representar os campos no interior do alimentador e do Método dos Momentos para solucionar as equações integrais para o campo elétrico e para o campo magnético e determinar a corrente elétrica induzidas sobre as paredes metálicas externas e a amplitude dos modos sobre a abertura da corneta. A técnica de síntese destas antenas é baseada na aplicação dos princípios da Ótica Geométrica para modelar o subrefletor que irá produzir uma distribuição de fase uniforme em uma abertura cônica colocada em frente ao refletor principal com geratriz circular. O estudo exploratório sobre o desempenho destas antenas é dividido em três partes. Na primeira, as soluções fornecidas pela síntese ótica e aproximações para os campos na abertura são utilizadas para identificar configurações de antenas compactas ou que maximizem o ganho ao longo do plano horizontal. Entretanto, pode-se obter uma melhor iluminação da área de cobertura através da inclinação do lobo principal (down tilt). Para reduzir o custo de fabricação de um conjunto de antenas que atendam diferentes áreas de cobertura, pode-se utilizar o mesmo refletor principal e modelar os subrefletores para deslocar a direção de máximo do diagrama. Assim, em uma segunda etapa do estudo paramétrico, são considerados alguns refletores principais, e, para cada um deles, é obtida uma família de subrefletores modelados para deslocar o máximo do diagrama no plano vertical. Esta estratégia se torna efetiva na medida em que o custo de fabricação do subrefletor é menor do que o do refletor principal. Na terceira parte, utilizando o método híbrido composto pelo Método do Casamento de Modos e pelo Método dos Momentos, é feito o modelamento da corneta coaxial TEM com o objetivo de reduzir sua perda de retorno e estender sua banda de operação. Por fim, ainda utilizando este método híbrido, é feita uma análise rigorosa das antenas duplo-refletoras propostas neste trabalho, procurando otimizar o desempenho destas antenas em termos do diagrama de radiação e da perda de retorno. / [en] This work presents a design study of omnidirectional dual-reflector antennas, where the main reflector is obtained from a circular generatrix. The antenna is composed of two concentric circularly symmetric reflectors and it is fed by a coaxial conical horn excited by TEM mode to produce vertical polarization. To obtain the subreflector surface, the study employs a GO synthesis technique to shape the subreflector in order to produce a uniform phase distribution in a conical aperture placed in front of the main reflector. To validate the results, it is employed a rigorous electromagnetic analysis technique based on the association of Mode Matching Technique to represent the fields inside the horn and Method of Moments to solve the integral equations of electric and magnetic fields. The solution of Method of Moments yields the induced electric current on the outer surface of the horn and the amplitude of the modes on the aperture of the horn. The exploratory study is divided in three parts. First, by using the GO approximations for the aperture fields, the geometry parameters are explored to identify compact antenna configurations that maximize the gain along the horizontal plane. However, a more uniform coverage of the ground can be obtained by tilting the main lobe. Thus, in a second step of the parametric study, it is considered a family of designs with the same main reflector and a set of subreflectors that are designed for different tilt angle of main lobe. This strategy is effective to reduce the manufacturing costs of a family of antennas designed to provide different coverage. Third, by using the hybrid method, the TEM coaxial horn is shaped to reduce the return loss and extend its operating band, and, finally, the overall antennas performance is optimized by controlling radiation pattern and return loss.

Submitted by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2017-08-15T11:59:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daiana.pdf: 879097 bytes, checksum: a1ed3aca0b5dd3e6a29a655e3fdb4aff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2017-08-15T11:59:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daiana.pdf: 879097 bytes, checksum: a1ed3aca0b5dd3e6a29a655e3fdb4aff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T11:59:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daiana.pdf: 879097 bytes, checksum: a1ed3aca0b5dd3e6a29a655e3fdb4aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) / In this work, numerical analysis is developed for a hybrid stabilized finite element method for transient heat conduction problems. Classically, numerical solutions for these problems are commonly obtained by the use of the standard Galerkin method. However, when used with small time steps and fixed meshes, spurious oscillations arise as time increases, disturbing the solution at the initial time steps. By contrast, the approach used here to solve those problems consists in the application of a hybrid stabilized finite element method for spatial approximations combined with finite difference methods, more specifically Euler and Crank-Nicolson techniques, for the temporal approach. The utilized hybrid method is based on the Discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) and is constructed through the coupling of local problems, from which the solution of the primal variable is obtained, with a global problem associated to the Lagrange multiplier degrees of freedom identified with the trace of the primal variable; continuity between elements being imposed weakly. The numerical analysis shows that the proposed formulation retains the main characteristics of the associated DG methods such as consistency, stability, continuity and optimal orders of convergence in the energy norm. Numerical experiments are presented confirming the developed theoretical analysis and showing the lack of spurious oscillations in small times. / Neste trabalho, uma análise numérica é desenvolvida para um método híbrido estabilizado de elementos finitos para problemas transientes de condução de calor. Classicamente, soluções numéricas para esses problemas são comumente encontradas utilizando-se o básico método de Galerkin. Contudo, quando utilizado com passos de tempo reduzidos e malhas de tamanho fixo, oscilações espúrias espaciais aparecem à medida que o tempo aumenta, poluindo a solução nos tempos iniciais. Em contrapartida, a abordagem aqui empregada para obter a solução desses problemas consiste na aplicação de um método de elementos finitos híbrido estabilizado para a aproximação espacial, combinado com esquemas de diferenças finitas, mais precisamente os métodos de Euler e de Crank-Nicolson, para a aproximação temporal. O método híbrido utilizado é baseado no método de Galerkin Descontínuo (GD) e construído através do acoplamento de problemas locais, de onde a solução da variável primal é encontrada, com um problema global que está associado aos graus de liberdade do multiplicador de Lagrange identificado ao traço da variável primal; sendo a continuidade entre os elementos imposta de forma fraca. A análise numérica mostra que a formulação proposta preserva as principais características dos métodos GD associados, tais como consistência, estabilidade, continuidade e taxas ótimas de convergência na norma da energia. Experimentos numéricos são apresentados confirmando as análises teóricas aqui desenvolvidas e evidenciando a ausência de oscilações espúrias para pequenos tempos.