Researchers have tried to identify the viral factor involved in making a transformed cell oncogenic in newborn hamsters. Although studies on the viral proteins from transformed cells failed to show a relationship to oncogenicity, this study intended to identify and map viral mRNAs from these transformed cell lines in order to test the same relationship. Northern blot hybridizations were used to study the AD5 E1 region specific mRNAs from ten transformed cell lines. These cell lines had been transformed with either virus, total restriction endonuclease digested viral DNA, or specific fragments of viral DNA from the left hand end of the genome. All of these lines were selected for their varying oncogenicity in newborn hamsters, and for the size of the transforming fragment. Ad5 DNA fragments inserted into recombinant plasmids were used as the probes for detection of mRNAs, providing tools for mapping transformed cell mRNAs to specific regions of the Ad5 genome. The results failed to show a relationship between E1 region mRNA production and oncogenicity, but did reveal unusual mRNA transcription patterns from most of the cell lines. All the transformed cell lines tested appeared to have only an E1B 22s mRNA as the major mRNA from that region. An E1A/E1B cotranscript was identified as well as viral/cell chimeric mRNAs. These chimeras were due to either run-off transcription or to preinitiation in cellular sequences. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This dissertation is dedicated to optimization of Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS). The concentration is on both online optimization of these systems and extending the known optimal policies in Discrete-Event Systems (DES) to a broader context of SHS. A SHS involves both continuous and discrete dynamics and is suitable for modeling almost any physical system of interest. The first part of this dissertation focuses on applications of SHS and, particularly, a subclass known as Stochastic Flow Models (SFM) used in fluid scheduling. To this end, a classic problem for optimally allocating a resource to multiple competing user queues is considered in the DES context and placed in the framework of SFMs. Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) is used to calculate the gradient estimates for the average holding cost of this system with respect to resource allocation parameters. The monotonicity property of these estimates allows us to prove the optimality of a well-known rule called the "c - mu-rule" under non-idling policies. Furthermore, nonlinear cost functions are considered, yielding simple distribution-free cost sensitivity estimates. Next, we take the first step in using IPA for optimally calculating timeout thresholds in SHS. A Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) communication link is used to examine the effectiveness of SHS and IPA in calculating derivative estimates of a goodput objective with respect to a timeout parameter. The analysis is also extended to the case of multinode communications. Our results reveal a great potential in using IPA to control delay thresholds and motivate more investigations in future. Finally, we propose a general framework for analysis and on-line optimization of SHS which facilitates the use of IPA. In doing so, we modify the previous structure of a Stochastic Hybrid Automaton (SHA) and show that every transition is associated with an explicit event which is defined through a "guard function." This enables us to uniformly treat all events observed on the sample path of the SHS. As a result, a unifying matrix notation for IPA equations is developed which eliminates the need for the case-by-case analysis of event classes as usually done in prior works involving IPA for SHS. / 2999-01-01

The aim of the thesis was to obtain information on the effect of hybrid combination, gender and weight of cold JUT on carcass ratios in final pig hybrids. 1742 pig carcasses of four hybrid pig combinations were included in the carcass monitoring: PIC, Topigs, Danbred and France Hybrides. The average carcass weight was 89 kg with an average muscle mass of 59.5%, represented mostly by quality classes S and E. The higher fat content of pigs versus gilts was shown. With increasing slaughter weight, the proportion of muscle decreased and the proportion of fat increased.

This report covers the conceptual design of a new one person hybrid vehicle that is to be fast and convenient to drive on the roads. The vehicle is most of all supposed to be used as a commute vehicle but can also be used at other occasions as well. During the work with this project the group has focused on three larger areas, the outer design (body), wheel chassis and an ergonomically designed interior. The group was not able to just create these parts in 3D to get a trustworthy vehicle, hence number of other components and details were also created to get a better entirety. The outer design starts with idea generation and sketches and ends with a 3D model which is rendered to show how the final product is going to look. The design of the body has been going on during the entire work process due to new ideas and improvements that seemed interesting and had to be changed. The wheel chassis also started with idea generation, research and sketches. It ended up with a simulated 3D model which later on was mounted on the vehicle body to show how the vehicle is going to perform during usage. The simulation was used to see if the ideas that came up were going to work in reality. The simulation in Pro/Engineer made it possible to save a lot of time and make the work process more efficient. Finally the interior were designed inside the vehicle body but most importantly it was built and adjusted to the human body. Important measurements and facts were collected with the help of the ergonomic program Jack. Which controls that should be included was investigated and the steering wheel became the central part of the dashboard since the vital functions are controlled via this unit. The speedometer and likewise functions where also moved to the steering wheel to improve the visibility. The group was also set to explore other interesting details especially the engines. The engines that were chosen to the final concept where so called wheel engines. These engines are mounted inside the rims and can also handle the braking of the vehicle which makes a separate braking system unnecessary. The wheel engines had so many advantages that they became the obvious selection. But the vehicle was from the beginning set to be a hybrid and with only the wheel engines it was not. To make it hybrid, a second, smaller engine was put in, but only for recharging the batteries when needed. This engine is driven by gasoline or ethanol.

Power-split hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) provide two power paths between the internal combustion (IC) engine and the driven wheels through gearing and electric machines (EMs) composing an electrically variable transmission (EVT). EVTs allow IC engine control such that rotational speed is independent of vehicle speed at all times. By breaking the rigid mechanical connection between the IC engine and the driven wheels, EVTs allow the IC engine to operate in the most efficient region of its characteristic brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) map. If the most efficient IC engine operating point produces more power than is requested by the driver, the excess IC engine power can be stored in the energy storage system (ESS) and used later. Conversely, if the most efficient IC engine operating point does not meet the power request of the driver, the ESS delivers the difference to the wheels through the EMs. Therefore with an intelligent supervisory control strategy, power-split architectures can advantageously combine traditional series and parallel power paths. In the first part of this work, two different power-split HEV powertrains are compared using a two-term cost function and steady-state backward-looking simulation (BLS). BLS is used to find battery power management strategies that result in minimized fuel consumption over a user-defined drive-cycle. The supervisory control strategy design approach amounts to an exhaustive search over all kinematically admissible input operating points, leading to a minimized instantaneous cost function. While the approach provides a valuable comparison of two architectures, non-ideal engine speed fluctuations result. Therefore, in the second part of the work, two approaches for designing control strategies with refined IC engine speed transitions are investigated using high-fidelity forward-looking simulation (FLS). These two approaches include: i) smoothing the two-term cost function optimization results, and ii) introducing a three-term cost function. It is found that both achieve operable engine speed transitions, and result in fuel economy (FE) estimates which compare well to previous BLS results. It is further found that the three-term cost function finds more efficient operating points than the smoothed two-term cost function approach. From the investigations carried out in parts one and two of this work, a two-phase control strategy development process is suggested where control strategies are generated using efficient steady-state BLS models, and then further tested and verified in high-fidelity FLS models. In conclusion, the FLS results justify the efficacy of the two-phased process, suggesting rapid and effective development of implementable power-split HEV supervisory control strategies.

Proefschrift--Leiden, 1978. / Vita. Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 95 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).

Proefschrift--Leiden, 1978. / Vita. Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2007. / Text document in PDF format. Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 28, 2009). "Received by ITS-Davis: December 2007"--Publication detail webpage. Includes bibliographical references (p. 314-323).

<p>This report covers the conceptual design of a new one person hybrid vehicle that is to be fast and convenient to drive on the roads. The vehicle is most of all supposed to be used as a commute vehicle but can also be used at other occasions as well.</p><p>During the work with this project the group has focused on three larger areas, the outer design (body), wheel chassis and an ergonomically designed interior. The group was not able to just create these parts in 3D to get a trustworthy vehicle, hence number of other components and details were also created to get a better entirety.</p><p>The outer design starts with idea generation and sketches and ends with a 3D model which is rendered to show how the final product is going to look. The design of the body has been going on during the entire work process due to new ideas and improvements that seemed interesting and had to be changed.</p><p>The wheel chassis also started with idea generation, research and sketches. It ended up with a simulated 3D model which later on was mounted on the vehicle body to show how the vehicle is going to perform during usage. The simulation was used to see if the ideas that came up were going to work in reality. The simulation in Pro/Engineer made it possible to save a lot of time and make the work process more efficient.</p><p>Finally the interior were designed inside the vehicle body but most importantly it was built and adjusted to the human body. Important measurements and facts were collected with the help of the ergonomic program Jack. Which controls that should be included was investigated and the steering wheel became the central part of the dashboard since the vital functions are controlled via this unit. The speedometer and likewise functions where also moved to the steering wheel to improve the visibility.</p><p>The group was also set to explore other interesting details especially the engines. The engines that were chosen to the final concept where so called wheel engines. These engines are mounted inside the rims and can also handle the braking of the vehicle which makes a separate braking system unnecessary. The wheel engines had so many advantages that they became the obvious selection. But the vehicle was from the beginning set to be a hybrid and with only the wheel engines it was not. To make it hybrid, a second, smaller engine was put in, but only for recharging the batteries when needed. This engine is driven by gasoline or ethanol.</p>