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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hydratation d'un système cimentaire binaire contenant des cendres volantes de biomasse

Davidenko, Tatyana January 2015 (has links)
Résumé : L’utilisation des cendres volantes générées par la combustion de biomasse présente une solution très prometteuse pour la conception de bétons écologiques de haute performance. Cependant, leur comportement dans un milieu cimentaire est encore peu étudié. Ce projet est concentré sur la compréhension des processus d’hydratation d’un système cimentaire contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse disponibles localement. Lors du programme expérimental, la caractérisation physico-chimique des cendres volantes étudiées a d’abord été réalisée. Ensuite, leur effet sur les propriétés rhéologiques, la cinétique d’hydratation, l’évolution des hydrates avec le temps et le développement des résistances ont été examinés. Les systèmes étudiés sont des pâtes et des mortiers avec différents taux de remplacement de ciment par les cendres volantes et deux rapports eau/liant de 0,5 et 0,4 en absence et en présence de superplastifiant. La variation des propriétés physico-chimiques de différents échantillons des cendres volantes (finesse, teneur en chaux libre, en sulfates et en calcite) a été utilisée pour déterminer l’effet de chacun de ces paramètres sur les performances des mélanges. Le remplacement partiel du ciment par les cendres volantes de biomasse entraine des changements sur la rhéologie, la cinétique d’hydratation, la composition des hydrates et la microstructure des pâtes hydratées. De plus, certains problèmes de compatibilité entre les cendres volantes et les superplastifiants sont observés. En se basant sur l’analyse des résultats obtenus, les explications des phénomènes qui se produisent dans les systèmes cimentaires contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse sont proposées. / Abstract : The use of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) represents a very promising solution for ecological high performance concrete design. However, the effect of WSA on cementitious systems properties is still insufficiently studied. The present project intends to understand the hydration process in Portland cement systems containing locally available WSA. The experimental program begins with characterization of WSA physico-chemical properties. Then, the effect of WSA on rheology, hydration kinetics, hydration products evolution over time and strength development in cement blends is investigated. The systems discussed here are cement pastes and mortars with different cement replacement by WSA ratio and two water to binder ratio (0,5 and 0,4) with and without superplasticizer. The variation of physico-chemical properties (fineness; free lime, sulphate and calcite content) between different WSA samples was used to determine the effect of each of these parameters on blended cement performances. Partial cement replacement by WSA leads to changes in rheology, hydration kinetics, composition of the hydrates and microstructure of hydrated pastes. Moreover, some incompatibility problems between WSA and superplasticizers used are observed. Based on experimental results analysis, the explanations of the phenomena taking place in cement systems containing WSA are proposed.
2

Caracterização da estrutura de curto alcance de cimentos de cinza de casca de arroz através da espectroscopia por ressonância magnética nuclear de alta resolução / Characterization of the short range structure of rice husk ash cements studied by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance

Abreu, Rômulo Ferreira 13 December 2002 (has links)
A cinza obtida da queima controlada da casca de arroz é um material que apresenta propriedades pozzolânicas: reage na presença de água e dióxido de cálcio produzindo silicato de cálcio hidratado (C-S-H), o material que confere a resistência mecânica aos cimentos. Portanto, a cinza de casca de arroz é um material de potencial interesse para o desenvolvimento de cimentos não convencionais, baseados em subprodutos industriais ou agrícolas. Neste trabalho, os compostos presentes em cinzas de alta reatividade pozzolânica e os produtos obtidos de sua reação pozzolânica foram estudados através da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de alta resolução de 13C e 29Si. Na cinza não hidratada foram detectados domínios de sílica amorfa, o componente principal, e quantidades menores de sílica cristalina (cristobalita e quartzo), carbono amorfo e cadeias de siloxanos. Foi estudada a evolução da reação em pastas obtidas da hidratação da cinza na proporção água: cal: cinza O,47H20+O,53(O,1CCA+O,9Cal)=1 (entre 8 e 134 dias de idade). Mediante a RMN de 29Si foi possível caracterizar a formação de C-S-H e disposição dos grupos silicatos na estrutura. A estrutura do C-S-H obtido é comparável à observada em cimentos convencionais e cimentos de escoria de alto forno, e é compatível com os modelos propostos. A quantidade de C-S-H produzido e a velocidade da reação são menores quando comparadas com os outros cimentos. Efeitos da carbonatação de C-S-H foram observáveis em atmosfera ambiente. Foi detectado também o efeito da hidratação sobre os componentes minoritários da cinza. / The ashes obtained from burning rice husks have pozzolanic properties: in the presence of water and calcium dioxide the ashes react to produce calcium silicate hydrate (C-SH), the main binding agent in cementitiuos materials. Therefore, rice husk ashes are interesting materials in order to produce non-conventional cement, based in industrial or agricultural byproducts. The compounds present in a sample of rice husk ashes of high pozzolanic activity, and the products of hydration, were characterized using high resolution solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of 13C and 29Si. Several compounds were detected in anhydrous ashes: amorphous silica (the main component), and minor quantities of crystalline silica (cristobalite and quartz), amorphous carbon and siloxane polymeric chains. Hardened pastes were prepared with a ratio water:calcium dioxide:ash O,47H20+O,53(O,1dioxide ash+O,9calcio)=1. The evolution of the hydration reaction was monitored at several ages between 8 to 134 days. The formation of C-S-H was detected by 29Si-NMR and the arrangement of the silicate groups was characterized. The structure of the C-S-H formed in these pastes agrees with the one observed in conventional cements and also b1ast furnace slag cements. Also, it is in agreement with the accepted structural models of C-S-H. The amount of C-S-H produced and the velocity of the reaction are minor than those observed in blast furnace slag cements. Carbonation effects were detected in ambient atmospheric conditions. Also, the effect of the hydration on the minority compounds was also detected.
3

Caracterização da estrutura de curto alcance de cimentos de cinza de casca de arroz através da espectroscopia por ressonância magnética nuclear de alta resolução / Characterization of the short range structure of rice husk ash cements studied by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance

Rômulo Ferreira Abreu 13 December 2002 (has links)
A cinza obtida da queima controlada da casca de arroz é um material que apresenta propriedades pozzolânicas: reage na presença de água e dióxido de cálcio produzindo silicato de cálcio hidratado (C-S-H), o material que confere a resistência mecânica aos cimentos. Portanto, a cinza de casca de arroz é um material de potencial interesse para o desenvolvimento de cimentos não convencionais, baseados em subprodutos industriais ou agrícolas. Neste trabalho, os compostos presentes em cinzas de alta reatividade pozzolânica e os produtos obtidos de sua reação pozzolânica foram estudados através da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de alta resolução de 13C e 29Si. Na cinza não hidratada foram detectados domínios de sílica amorfa, o componente principal, e quantidades menores de sílica cristalina (cristobalita e quartzo), carbono amorfo e cadeias de siloxanos. Foi estudada a evolução da reação em pastas obtidas da hidratação da cinza na proporção água: cal: cinza O,47H20+O,53(O,1CCA+O,9Cal)=1 (entre 8 e 134 dias de idade). Mediante a RMN de 29Si foi possível caracterizar a formação de C-S-H e disposição dos grupos silicatos na estrutura. A estrutura do C-S-H obtido é comparável à observada em cimentos convencionais e cimentos de escoria de alto forno, e é compatível com os modelos propostos. A quantidade de C-S-H produzido e a velocidade da reação são menores quando comparadas com os outros cimentos. Efeitos da carbonatação de C-S-H foram observáveis em atmosfera ambiente. Foi detectado também o efeito da hidratação sobre os componentes minoritários da cinza. / The ashes obtained from burning rice husks have pozzolanic properties: in the presence of water and calcium dioxide the ashes react to produce calcium silicate hydrate (C-SH), the main binding agent in cementitiuos materials. Therefore, rice husk ashes are interesting materials in order to produce non-conventional cement, based in industrial or agricultural byproducts. The compounds present in a sample of rice husk ashes of high pozzolanic activity, and the products of hydration, were characterized using high resolution solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of 13C and 29Si. Several compounds were detected in anhydrous ashes: amorphous silica (the main component), and minor quantities of crystalline silica (cristobalite and quartz), amorphous carbon and siloxane polymeric chains. Hardened pastes were prepared with a ratio water:calcium dioxide:ash O,47H20+O,53(O,1dioxide ash+O,9calcio)=1. The evolution of the hydration reaction was monitored at several ages between 8 to 134 days. The formation of C-S-H was detected by 29Si-NMR and the arrangement of the silicate groups was characterized. The structure of the C-S-H formed in these pastes agrees with the one observed in conventional cements and also b1ast furnace slag cements. Also, it is in agreement with the accepted structural models of C-S-H. The amount of C-S-H produced and the velocity of the reaction are minor than those observed in blast furnace slag cements. Carbonation effects were detected in ambient atmospheric conditions. Also, the effect of the hydration on the minority compounds was also detected.

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