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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito de tecnicas de envelhecimento acelerado e aplicação de selante sobre a deformação permanente de reembasadores resilientes permanentes / Effect of accelerated aging and surface sealing on permanent deformation of auto-polymerizing soft liners

Silva, Joaquim Alberto da 15 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JoaquimAlbertoda_D.pdf: 1108935 bytes, checksum: 15a0a956cee4dcf34973383fda778eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi comparar o efeito de dois métodos de envelhecimento acelerado (termociclagem e simulação do intemperismo natural) sobre a propriedade de deformação permanente de dois reembasadores resilientes permanentes usados como forradores de próteses removíveis, um à base de silicone (UP) e outro à base resina acrílica (DF), submetidos ou não à aplicação de selante de superfície. Foram confeccionados 120 corpos-de-prova (12,7 mm de diâmetro, e 19 mm de comprimento), distribuídos aleatoriamente em doze grupos (n=10) e submetidos a envelhecimento acelerado (2.000 ciclos) por meio da termociclagem, ou simulação do intemperismo natural (67 ciclos). Para o ensaio, foi utilizado um aparelho mecânico descrito na especificação no18 da A.D.A., com aplicação de carga compressiva (750 gf) durante 30 segundos. Para comparações do mesmo material com e sem selante e entre os materiais no mesmo intervalo de envelhecimento, foi realizada a análise estatística pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (p=0,05). Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis associado ao método de Dunn foram utilizados para comparação do efeito das técnicas de envelhecimento em cada material (p=0,05). O reembasador à base de silicone apresentou menor deformação permanente que o à base de resina, independente do método de envelhecimento (P<0,05). Foi observado que a aplicação do selante de superfície teve efeito sobre a deformação permanente apenas no grupo do material à base de silicone submetido à termociclagem, e que o envelhecimento acelerado promoveu aumento na deformação permanente apenas para o material à base de resina acrílica. / Abstract: This study was performed in order to compare the effects of two different accelerated aging methods on the property of permanent deformation of two permanent softliners. The softliners selected were an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin based and an auto-polymerizing silicone based. The use of surface sealer was also evaluated on both relining materials. For the permanent deformation test specimens were manufactured with 12.7 mm of diameter and 19 mm length, according to A.D.A. specification number 18. A total of 120 specimens were manufactured, sixty of each relining material. All specimens were randomly distributed into twelve groups (n=10) and later submitted to one of the accelerated aging processes (2000 thermocycling cycles or 67 cycles in an EQUV chamber). The permanent deformation test was performed with a mechanical device described in the specification number 18 of A.D.A. with a compressive load of 750 gf applied during 30 seconds. All data was submitted to statistical analysis. MannWhitney test was performed in order to compare the effect of the surface sealer on each material and to compare the permanent deformation of the materials in the same aging group (p=0.05). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were performed to compare all aging groups of each material (p=0.05). After analysis of the results it was observed that the silicone based reliner presented lower permanent deformation than the acrylic resin based reliner, regardless of the aging procedure. The surface sealer coating was effective only for the thermocycled silicone group and the accelerated aging processes affected only the permanent deformation of the acrylic resin based material. / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
2

Comparação entre métodos de fixação interna utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas do ângulo mandibular = estudo mecânico / Comparison of internal fixation methods in the management of mandibular angle fractures : mechanical study

Lyrio, Mariana Camilo Negreiros, 1980- 06 October 2011 (has links)
Orientadores: Valfrido Antonio Pereira Filho, Marcio de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lyrio_MarianaCamiloNegreiros_D.pdf: 27352279 bytes, checksum: c9fcc8fa65410e2e71a94c3f054de2c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Apesar dos diversos tipos de fixação interna existentes ainda não há um consenso quanto ao método de imobilização das fraturas do ângulo mandibular. Além disso, são poucos os estudos sobre a utilização de placas grade ultimamente lançadas no mercado. O presente estudo visou avaliar comparativamente a resistência entre três tipos de fixação interna em réplicas de hemimandíbulas de poliuretano seccionadas na região de ângulo mandibular, simulando uma fratura linear. As formas de fixação incluíram a utilização de placas em forma de grade com e sem barra intermediária e o método descrito por Champy (1978). O objetivo foi definir por meio de análise mecânica a técnica que permitiu maior resistência na fixação deste tipo de fratura. Os testes de carregamento linear vertical foram realizados em amostras de cada grupo estudado (n = 10) utilizando uma unidade de testes mecânicos para registro da carga atingida, nos momentos que o deslocamento vertical alcançou 3 mm e 5 mm. Médias e desvio padrão foram avaliados aplicando-se a Análise de Variância e o teste de Duncan em nível de significância de 5%. Concluiu-se que a técnica de fixação interna para as fraturas de ângulo mandibular descrita por Champy (1976) foi a mais resistente e, que a inclusão de barra vertical intermediária nas placas grade não ofereceu aumento da resistência quando comparadas às placas grade sem barra / Abstract: Although there are several methods of stable fixation, there is no consensus about the treatment of mandibular angle fractures, Also, there are few studies about grid plates recently commercially available. This study compares the resistance of three fixation methods in polyurethane hemimandible replicas. Those were osteotomized at the angle region to simulate a linear fracture. Fixation methods were four-hole 2.0mm grid plates with and without a vertical intermediate bar and 2.0mm four-hole straight plate. The objective was to determine, through mechanical analysis, the fixation method that results in greater resistance to displacement. The hemimandibles were submitted to vertical linear loading in a mechanical test unit for registration of load after displacement of 3 and 5mm. Means and standard deviation were determined. Variance analysis and Ducan's test were applied considering a significance level of 5%. Results showed that the 2.0 four-hole plates, positioned according to the Champy technique, provide greater stability than the grid plates. When a vertical intermediate bar was added to the grid plates, resistance of the system was not increased / Doutorado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
3

Betonghållfasthet vs. normhållfasthet för cement : Underlag för framtida hantering av variationer i cementens normhållfasthet / Concrete Strength Vs. Strength of Cement : Support for future handling of variations in the cement standard strength

Tynhage, Ellinor, Lif, Emil January 2021 (has links)
Betong är ett material som används dagligen och finns i allt från skyskrapor och tunnlar till skulpturer och möbler. Tryckhållfastheten är en av betongens viktigaste egenskaper och med en konstant utvecklande bransch där det byggs mer och mer är det avgörande att betongen som används håller. Normhållfastheten hos cement kontrolleras regelbundet och visar i vissa fall variationer utanför cementens normala spann. Cementillverkare upptäcker dessa avsteg genom att granska varje leverans som produceras samt genom egna produktkontroller på fabriken. Vid upptäckta felmarginaler finns krav på att berörda kunder i branschen måste informeras för att exempelvis få en möjlighet till att kunna korrigera recept inför betongblandningen. Vid en lägre normhållfasthet i cement skapas generellt en lägre hållfasthet i betong och för att justera avvikelsen ökar betongtillverkare mängden cement i recepten för att kunna leverera en produkt med utlovad hållfasthet till kund. Slutresultatet kommer att hjälpa betongtillverkare att förutse hur betongen kan påverkas av en variation i cementens hållfasthet och vara ett hjälpmedel för hur receptet ska hanteras för att täcka upp eventuella variationer så att kunderna inte påverkas i lika stor grad. Arbetet innefattar tre betongrecept med separata vct som testas med cementen Anläggningscement Slite i en grov-, mellan- och finmald version. Gjutningen sker i Cementa Research laboratorium i Liljeholmen och sammanlagt utförs 18 gjutningar med 22 liter betong per gjutning. Totalt gjuts 216 kuber som sedan trycktestas vid 7 respektive 28 dygn i samma lokal. Data har sedan sammanställts för att kunna jämföras mot cementens normhållfasthet som har testats i Cementas lab i Slite. Arbetet har utförts åt Cementa AB och Thomas Concrete Group AB för att kontrollera sambandet mellan normhållfastheten i cement och den färdiga betongens hållfasthet. Sambandet är av stor vikt i den dagliga produktionen och är något som efterfrågats under lång tid. Resultatet från gjutningarna visar att det finns ett samband till en viss grad men på grund av komplikationer under gjutningarna har vissa värden inte blivit som förväntat. / Concrete is one of the world's most important building materials and is used in everything from skyscrapers, tunnels to sculptures and furniture. The strength of concrete is important and with a constantly developing industry where more and more is being built, it is vital that the concrete that is used holds. The work is performed on behalf of Cementa AB and Thomas Concrete Group AB to investigate the relation between the strength of cement and the strength of the concrete. The relation is of great importance in daily production and is something that has been requested for a long time. The standard strength of cement is checked regularly and shows in some cases deviations outside the normal range of the cement. Cementa detects these deviations by controlling shipped cement and by the product controls at the factory. If margins of error are discovered, there are requirements for those involved in the industry that they must inform the customers in order for them to correct their concrete mixes accordingly. At a lower standard strength in cement, a lower strength in concrete is generally created and to correct the deviation, the affected amount of cement in the recipe increases in order to be able to deliver a promised product to the customer. The end result will help concrete manufacturers predict how the concrete can be affected by a deviation of the strength of the cement and be a tool for how the recipe should be handled to cover any deviations so that customers are not affected to the same extent. The work includes three concrete recipes with separate w/c-ratios that were tested with the cement CEM I 42,5 N SR3 MH/LA in a coarse, medium and finely milled version. The casting took place in Cementa Research's laboratory in Liljeholmen and in summary, 18 castings were performed with 22 liters of concrete per casting. A total of 216 cubes were cast and then pressure tested at 7 and 28 days. The data has then been compiled to be able to be compared with the cement's standard strength that has been tested in Cementa's lab in Slite.
4

Uso de fibra natural de sisal em blocos de concreto para alvenaria estrutural / Use of natural sisal fiber in concrete blocks for structural masonry

Izquierdo, Indara Soto 10 March 2011 (has links)
A utilização de fibras vegetais como reforço constitui um grande interesse na obtenção de novos materiais para a construção civil produto de seu baixo custo, alta disponibilidade e reduzido consumo de energia para sua produção. Este trabalho avalia a incorporação de fibras de sisal, de comprimento 20 e 40 mm, e fração volumétrica de 0,5 e 1%, em concretos para a alvenaria de blocos estruturais e determina o uso destas unidades na execução de prismas e mini-paredes. Foram realizados os testes de caracterização da fibra, blocos e argamassa de assentamento e os ensaios de resistência à compressão axial das unidades, prismas e mini-paredes. O sisal apresentou baixa massa específica aparente e elevada absorção de água, constituindo uma característica comum desse tipo de material pela grande incidência de poros permeáveis. As propriedades físicas dos blocos com e sem adição cumpriram com os requisitos das normas estabelecidas validando sua utilização. Os resultados do ensaio à compressão mostraram que as mini-paredes reforçadas com fibras obtiveram valores muito próximos ou mesmo superiores aos obtidos para as mini-paredes sem fibras, apresentando melhor desempenho que os blocos e prismas. Todos os elementos com adição mostraram um ganho da capacidade de deformação e ductilidade conferida pelas fibras, observado nas curvas tensão x deformação. O modo de ruptura dos blocos, prismas e mini-paredes de referência foi caracterizado por uma fratura brusca e catastrófica e os reforçados mantiveram suas partes unidas pelas fibras, não perdendo sua continuidade e tornando a ruptura um processo progressivo. / The use of natural fibers as reinforcement is a great interest in obtaining new materials for construction, owing of its low cost, high availability and reduced energy consumption for its production. This paper evaluates the incorporation of sisal fibers of 20 mm and 40 mm length and volume fraction of 0.5 and 1%, for concrete for masonry structural blocks, and determines the use of these units in making of prisms and mini-walls. The laboratory tests were carried to characterize physical properties the fiber, blocks and mortar, and besides axial compression tests of the units, prisms, and mini-walls. The sisal had low apparent density and high water absorption, constituting a common feature of such material by the high incidence of permeable pores. The physical properties of the blocks with and without addition complied with the requirements of standards established by validating their use. The axial compression test results showed that mini-walls reinforced with fibers obtained values very close to or even superior to those obtained for the mini-walls without fibers, showing better performance than the blocks and prisms. All elements with the addition had increased the deformation capacity and ductility afforded by the fibers, observed in the curves stress/strain. The rupture mode of blocks, prisms and mini-walls reference was characterized by an abrupt and catastrophic fracture, and elements reinforced maintained their shares together by the fibers, without losing its continuity and becoming a progressive rupture.
5

Estudo do comportamento mec?nico de areias artificialmente cimentadas / Evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of artificially cemented sand

Lopes, Francisco Mateus Gomes 09 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoMGL_DISSERT.pdf: 2920200 bytes, checksum: c9c74c01a86db791fd1fef40b8b653c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Soil improved with the addition of cement have been utilized as an alternative to the construction of various types of geotechnical works, almost always present economic and environmental advantages. This paper presents a study on the usage of cement in the improvement of mechanical properties of sandy soils, characteristic of the region of Natal, collected from its dunes. This research was made in order to analyze the influence of cement content, voids, and also including water immersion and confining pressure. Samples molded from cement-soil mixtures were tested for unconfined compression tests and triaxial tests. The samples had the percentage of cement mixed in 2.5%, 5% and 10% by weight. The cement agent used was the Portland Cement of High Early strength(CPV-ARI), which promoted agility to the experimental procedure for presenting a rapid gain in strenght. The void ratio used ranged from 0.7 (more compact), 0,9 and 1,1(softer). The soil under study can be considered as pure sand. In general, it can be stated that the larger the amount of cement added to the sand studied is, the greater ultimate strength will be. Likewise, as more compact the soil is, the less void ratio and more resistant it will be present. The confining pressure tends to increase the resistance of the specimens. The cementing adopted grades showed that the use of different criteria for failure did not significantly alter the stress-strain parameters for the sand studied. The angle of friction values were found within the typical range of medium and compact sands. Cementing acted in the sand providing an intercepted cohesion which increased enhancing the potential cementation. In triaxial compression tests, the sand with void ratio is equal to 0.7 and showed the expected behavior for a compact sand while the stress-strain behavior of the same sand with the void ratio of 0.9 tended to be expected for the soft sand as well / Solos melhorados com adi??o de cimento t?m sido bastante utilizados como alternativa na constru??o de diversos tipos de obras geot?cnicas, quase sempre por apresentar vantagens econ?micas e ambientais. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a utiliza??o de cimento no melhoramento das propriedades mec?nicas de solos arenosos caracter?sticos da regi?o de Natal, coletados em dunas. Foi avaliada a influ?ncia do teor de cimento, do ?ndice de vazios, da inunda??o e da tens?o confinante. Corpos-de-prova moldados a partir de misturas de solo-cimento foram submetidos a ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o simples e ? compress?o triaxial convencional. Nas amostras as porcentagens de cimento foram variadas em 2,5%, 5% e 10% em peso. O agente cimentante utilizado foi o Cimento Portland de Alta resist?ncia inicial (CP-V ARI), que promoveu agilidade ao procedimento experimental por apresentar um processo de cura mais r?pido.Os ?ndices de vazios utilizados variaram de 0,7 (mais compacto), 0,9 e 1,1(mais fofo). O solo estudado pode ser considerado como uma areia pura. De uma forma geral, pode-se afirmar que quanto maior a quantidade de cimento adicionado ? areia estudada, maior a sua resist?ncia final. Da mesma forma, quanto mais compacto estiver esse solo, isto ?, quanto menor o ?ndice de vazios, mais resistente ele se apresentar?. A tens?o confinante tende a aumentar a resist?ncia dos corpos de prova. Nos graus de cimenta??o adotados, a utiliza??o de diferentes crit?rios de ruptura n?o alterou significativamente os par?metros tens?o-deforma??o para a areia estudada. Os valores de ?ngulo de atrito encontrados estavam dentro dos valores t?picos para areias m?dias e compactas. A cimenta??o agiu na areia de modo a proporcionar um intercepto de coes?o que aumentou com o incremento da cimenta??o. Nos ensaios de compress?o triaxial, a areia com ?ndice de vazios igual a 0,7 apresentou o comportamento esperado para uma areia compacta, enquanto o comportamento tens?o deforma??o da mesma areia com ?ndice de vazios de 0,9 tendeu ao esperado para a areia fofa
6

Uso de fibra natural de sisal em blocos de concreto para alvenaria estrutural / Use of natural sisal fiber in concrete blocks for structural masonry

Indara Soto Izquierdo 10 March 2011 (has links)
A utilização de fibras vegetais como reforço constitui um grande interesse na obtenção de novos materiais para a construção civil produto de seu baixo custo, alta disponibilidade e reduzido consumo de energia para sua produção. Este trabalho avalia a incorporação de fibras de sisal, de comprimento 20 e 40 mm, e fração volumétrica de 0,5 e 1%, em concretos para a alvenaria de blocos estruturais e determina o uso destas unidades na execução de prismas e mini-paredes. Foram realizados os testes de caracterização da fibra, blocos e argamassa de assentamento e os ensaios de resistência à compressão axial das unidades, prismas e mini-paredes. O sisal apresentou baixa massa específica aparente e elevada absorção de água, constituindo uma característica comum desse tipo de material pela grande incidência de poros permeáveis. As propriedades físicas dos blocos com e sem adição cumpriram com os requisitos das normas estabelecidas validando sua utilização. Os resultados do ensaio à compressão mostraram que as mini-paredes reforçadas com fibras obtiveram valores muito próximos ou mesmo superiores aos obtidos para as mini-paredes sem fibras, apresentando melhor desempenho que os blocos e prismas. Todos os elementos com adição mostraram um ganho da capacidade de deformação e ductilidade conferida pelas fibras, observado nas curvas tensão x deformação. O modo de ruptura dos blocos, prismas e mini-paredes de referência foi caracterizado por uma fratura brusca e catastrófica e os reforçados mantiveram suas partes unidas pelas fibras, não perdendo sua continuidade e tornando a ruptura um processo progressivo. / The use of natural fibers as reinforcement is a great interest in obtaining new materials for construction, owing of its low cost, high availability and reduced energy consumption for its production. This paper evaluates the incorporation of sisal fibers of 20 mm and 40 mm length and volume fraction of 0.5 and 1%, for concrete for masonry structural blocks, and determines the use of these units in making of prisms and mini-walls. The laboratory tests were carried to characterize physical properties the fiber, blocks and mortar, and besides axial compression tests of the units, prisms, and mini-walls. The sisal had low apparent density and high water absorption, constituting a common feature of such material by the high incidence of permeable pores. The physical properties of the blocks with and without addition complied with the requirements of standards established by validating their use. The axial compression test results showed that mini-walls reinforced with fibers obtained values very close to or even superior to those obtained for the mini-walls without fibers, showing better performance than the blocks and prisms. All elements with the addition had increased the deformation capacity and ductility afforded by the fibers, observed in the curves stress/strain. The rupture mode of blocks, prisms and mini-walls reference was characterized by an abrupt and catastrophic fracture, and elements reinforced maintained their shares together by the fibers, without losing its continuity and becoming a progressive rupture.
7

Contribuição aos estudos da influência da nanossílica nas propriedades mecânicas e na trabalhabilidade de concretos para produção em centrais e para fabricação de pré-moldados / Contribution to the studies of the influence of nanosilica on the mechanical properties and workability of concretes for batching plants and for manufacture of precast pieces

Moraes, Mayara Queiroz 11 December 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-21T20:50:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayara Queiroz Moraes - 2012.pdf: 2306074 bytes, checksum: 39f99dfabbb79296b809313dd0730f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-22T19:07:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayara Queiroz Moraes - 2012.pdf: 2306074 bytes, checksum: 39f99dfabbb79296b809313dd0730f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-22T19:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayara Queiroz Moraes - 2012.pdf: 2306074 bytes, checksum: 39f99dfabbb79296b809313dd0730f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Unlike the silica fume, whose benefits on the properties of the concretes are already widely known, little is known regarding nanosilica. This research offers an analysis of the contribution of different types of nanosilica in mechanical characteristics and workability maintenance of concretes, as well as an evaluation of the behavior of these additions when subjected to steam curing. For this, there were compared among themselves laboratory test results in concretes with different characteristics and different purposes (one of them suitable for production at batching plants and the other for metering precast elements). The results confirmed advantages for the simple addition of nanossílica at mechanical properties of concretes for batching plants with strengths above 40 MPa (a/c<0.52), but showed that the most advantageous situation consists in adding it together with sílica fume, since the concrete with both additions exceeded the reference concrete above 36 MPa (a/c<0.615), which highlights the importance of combining pozzolanic effect of silica fume, the creation of nucleation sites caused by nanossílica and better packaging mix, size distribution generated by the two additions give the folder.Regarding the maintenance of workability, the nanosilica dispersed in superplasticizer demonstrated satisfactory performance. In the analysis of concretes for precast elements, the addition of nanosilica dispersed superplasticizer and silica fume together was also the one which showed the best results in terms of resistance in 28 days of conventional curing. However, with steam curing, a great improvement was noted in the behavior of nanosilica dispersed in water, which had not achieved good results with the conventional cure, while nanosilica dispersed in superplasticizer did not respond well to the process, possibly due to the shape of the polycarboxylate used in the dispersion of the particles. Probably, the nanosilica dispersed in water showed no significant pozzolanic activity levels, but with the rise of temperature and the agitation of the particles, the formation of nucleation sites was intensified. As the development of resistance in early ages, all additions had positive effects, but the best performance was observed on the concrete with the simple addition of nanosilica dispersed in superplasticizer. With this addition, the concrete has reached 40 MPa after only 12 hours of steam curing, within about four times lower than the reference concrete (44 hours), which suggests that its addition to the concrete could result in na almost four times greater productivity of a precast elements factory. / Ao contrário da sílica ativa, cujas vantagens nas propriedades do concreto já são amplamente conhecidas, pouco se sabe em relação à nanossílica. Esta pesquisa contempla uma análise da contribuição de diferentes tipos de nanossílica nas características mecânicas e de manutenção do abatimento de concretos, bem como uma avaliação do comportamento destas adições frente à cura térmica. Para isto, compararam-se entre si resultados de ensaios laboratoriais em concretos com diferentes traços e diferentes finalidades (produção em centrais dosadoras e fabricação de pré-moldados). Os resultados confirmaram vantagens para a adição simples de nanossílica quanto à resistência à compressão dos concretos para centrais com resistências acima de 40 MPa (a/c<0,52), mas mostraram que a melhor situação consiste na adição conjunta de sílica ativa e nanossílica, já que o concreto com a adição conjunta superou o de referência a partir de 36 MPa (a/c<0,615). Isso deixa clara a importância de aliar o efeito pozolânico da sílica ativa, a criação de pontos de nucleação ocasionada pela nanossílica e o melhor empacotamento da mistura, gerado pela distribuição granulométrica que as duas adições juntas conferem à pasta. Quanto à manutenção do abatimento, a nanossílica dispersa em aditivo superplastificante demonstrou desempenho satisfatório. Em relação aos concretos para pré-moldados, foi a adição conjunta de sílica ativa e nanossílica dispersa em superplastificante a que apresentou melhores resultados de resistência aos 28 dias de cura convencional. No entanto, com a cura térmica, notou-se melhora substancial do comportamento da nanossílica dispersa em água, que não havia atingido bons resultados com cura convencional, enquanto a nanossílica dispersa em superplastificante não respondeu bem ao processo, possivelmente por influência da forma do policarboxilato usado na dispersão das partículas. Provavelmente, a nanossílica dispersa em água não apresentou atividade pozolânica relevante, mas com a elevação da temperatura e a agitação das partículas, a formação de pontos de nucleação foi intensificada. Quanto ao desenvolvimento de resistências nas idades iniciais, todas as adições apresentaram efeitos positivos, mas o melhor desempenho foi observado no concreto com adição simples da nanossílica dispersa em superplastificante. Com ela, o concreto atingiu 40 MPa com apenas 12 horas de cura térmica, prazo quase quatro vezes menor do que o do concreto de referência (44 horas), o que leva a crer que sua adição ao concreto poderia implicar em uma produtividade quase quatro vezes maior de uma fábrica de elementos pré-moldados.
8

Sledování vlivu keramické vazby na vlastnosti izolačních žáromateriálů / Monitoring the Influence of ceramic bond on the properties of insulating refractory materials

Friček, Jakub January 2013 (has links)
Thermal insulating refractories are an integral part of each thermal unit since they reduce its energy consumption. The current phenomenon of saving in both environmental and financial aspects reflects in searching for such possibilities to produce at lower manufacturing and material costs. One of the possible ways is to valorise waste materials. The theoretical part then deals with the division of refractory materials, classification of thermal insulation refractory materials and manufacturing technologies. The experiment is focused on the production of insulating refractory materials made from plastic dough with a possibility of using sawdust and materials made by pressing mixture moist, with a focus on coal bottom ash. Both of these technologies will be tested for the possibility of modification by using mixed clays and of increasing the strength by using clays with lower sintering temperature.
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Hydratation d'un système cimentaire binaire contenant des cendres volantes de biomasse

Davidenko, Tatyana January 2015 (has links)
Résumé : L’utilisation des cendres volantes générées par la combustion de biomasse présente une solution très prometteuse pour la conception de bétons écologiques de haute performance. Cependant, leur comportement dans un milieu cimentaire est encore peu étudié. Ce projet est concentré sur la compréhension des processus d’hydratation d’un système cimentaire contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse disponibles localement. Lors du programme expérimental, la caractérisation physico-chimique des cendres volantes étudiées a d’abord été réalisée. Ensuite, leur effet sur les propriétés rhéologiques, la cinétique d’hydratation, l’évolution des hydrates avec le temps et le développement des résistances ont été examinés. Les systèmes étudiés sont des pâtes et des mortiers avec différents taux de remplacement de ciment par les cendres volantes et deux rapports eau/liant de 0,5 et 0,4 en absence et en présence de superplastifiant. La variation des propriétés physico-chimiques de différents échantillons des cendres volantes (finesse, teneur en chaux libre, en sulfates et en calcite) a été utilisée pour déterminer l’effet de chacun de ces paramètres sur les performances des mélanges. Le remplacement partiel du ciment par les cendres volantes de biomasse entraine des changements sur la rhéologie, la cinétique d’hydratation, la composition des hydrates et la microstructure des pâtes hydratées. De plus, certains problèmes de compatibilité entre les cendres volantes et les superplastifiants sont observés. En se basant sur l’analyse des résultats obtenus, les explications des phénomènes qui se produisent dans les systèmes cimentaires contenant les cendres volantes de biomasse sont proposées. / Abstract : The use of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) represents a very promising solution for ecological high performance concrete design. However, the effect of WSA on cementitious systems properties is still insufficiently studied. The present project intends to understand the hydration process in Portland cement systems containing locally available WSA. The experimental program begins with characterization of WSA physico-chemical properties. Then, the effect of WSA on rheology, hydration kinetics, hydration products evolution over time and strength development in cement blends is investigated. The systems discussed here are cement pastes and mortars with different cement replacement by WSA ratio and two water to binder ratio (0,5 and 0,4) with and without superplasticizer. The variation of physico-chemical properties (fineness; free lime, sulphate and calcite content) between different WSA samples was used to determine the effect of each of these parameters on blended cement performances. Partial cement replacement by WSA leads to changes in rheology, hydration kinetics, composition of the hydrates and microstructure of hydrated pastes. Moreover, some incompatibility problems between WSA and superplasticizers used are observed. Based on experimental results analysis, the explanations of the phenomena taking place in cement systems containing WSA are proposed.
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Reaktivní práškové kompozity a cementové kompozity bez makropórů / Reactive powder composites and cement composites without macropores

Panenková, Monika January 2018 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the design principles and manifacture of ultra performance concrete (UHPC), reactive powder composites (RPC) and other fine-grained materials, such as Macro defect free (MDF) or Densified systems with small particles (DSP). Theoretical part of this work is focused on the requirements of properties and composition UHPC and RPC and methodology of their design principles. Experimental part describes design principles RPC, manufacture of test specimens, testing of certain physical and mechanical properties, such as tensile strenght, bending strenght and compressive strenght and determination chemical character X-ray and thermal analysis.

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