The hydraulic analysis of culverts is complicated when using hand calculations. Fortunately, several computer programs are available to assist in analyzing culvert hydraulics, some of which include HY-8, Fish X-ing, Broken-back Culvert Analysis Program (BCAP), Hydraflow Express, Culvert Master, Culvert, and Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). While all of these programs can simulate the behavior of flow through a culvert, slightly different methodologies are utilized among the programs to complete a full hydraulic analysis, resulting in different predictions for headwater depth, flow control, and outlet velocities. The purpose of this paper is to compare (1) the available hydraulic features and (2) the numerical solutions from the seven programs to manually computed values. Four test cases were developed to test the accuracy of program results. The headwater depths and outlet velocities were compared to those obtained through calculations based on culvert hydraulic theory outlined in the Federal Highway Administration publication, Hydraulic Design Series 5. Based on the results, Fish X-ing was unable to analyze culverts under inlet control, while Culvert incorrectly predicted inlet control headwater depths at low flow conditions. Hydraflow Express struggled to predict correct outlet control headwater depths while BCAP had difficulty analyzing straight barrel culverts acting under outlet control. Overall, HY-8, Culvert Master, and HEC-RAS produced accurate results most consistently.

This diploma´s thesis aims to model the hydraulic model of the Brno – Ivanovice water supply system. The software MIKE URBAN for model hydraulic model of water supply system was used. It was performed a simulation of the various states of loading. The water supply system was assessment of pressure ratios. The outcome of this work is calibrated hydraulic model of water supply system. The appendix consists also of drawings, which represented pressure ratios, which are situated on water supply system. On the fourth drawing is described transparent situation of Brno-Ivanovice water supply system.

There are hundreds of existing dams within the State of Virginia, and even thousands more specifically within the United States. A large portion of these dams do not meet the current safety standard of passing the Probable Maximum Flood. Likewise, many of the dams have reached or surpassed the original design lives, and are in need of rehabilitation. A standard protocol will assist dam owners in completing a dam rehabilitation analysis. The protocol provides the methods to complete the hydrologic, hydraulic, and economic analysis. Additionally, alternative augmentation techniques are discussed including the integration of GIS applications and linear programming optimization techniques. The standard protocol and alternative techniques are applied to a case study. The case study includes a set of flood control dams located in the headwaters of the South River watershed in Augusta County, VA. The downstream impacts of the flood control dams on the city of Waynesboro are demonstrated through the hydrologic and hydraulic analysis. / Master of Science

The theses focuses on a hydraulic analysis of a water supply network of a village called Ostopovice, located in South Moravia. Theses presents a detailed quasi-dynamic hydraulic simulation of the water supply network based on own consumer field survey. Subsequently, the assembled model was calibrated and verified by hydraulic data measured on the water supply network. The model was made to simulate characteristic water supply system operating conditions. Using the hydraulic analysis results, the theses assesses network pressure conditions with regards to the existing building range and type, taking into the account the extent of expected house development of the area. The work concludes with a proposition for measures leading to the water supply network pressure conditions optimization.

En esta investigación se realiza el análisis hidrológico de la cuenca Utcubamba, y posteriormente el análisis hidráulico del río Utcubamba, para así, poder obtener un mapa de inundación que permita identificar las zonas susceptibles a este fenómeno, en el distrito del Milagro, departamento de Amazonas. Para poder realizar el mapa de inundación, se parte del análisis hidrológico que consta de delimitar la cuenca Utcubamba, determinar sus características, mediante el software ArcGis. Previamente, se tendrá que recolectar los registros de precipitación de las diferentes estaciones pluviométricas, donde mediante métodos probabilísticos y pruebas de bondad, y estimando los datos faltantes, se puede obtener los hietogramas de diseño para lograr la obtención de las avenidas máximas (caudales de diseño) para diferentes tiempos en que se va a retornar y que se han propuesto. Para el análisis hidráulico, se necesita realizar visitas a campo, para poder hallar el factor de rugosidad más apropiado para el río, y además para obtener un panorama más amplio sobre el lugar de estudio. Se obtendrán las curvas de nivel y la batimetría, datos fundamentales para el modelamiento y obtención de secciones transversales del río. Para ello, se usará el modelo matemático HEC-RAS. Y así con la intervención de los programas y el análisis propuesto se podrá obtener el mapa de inundación y así dar la alternativa de solución más adecuada al problema que se pueda generar / In this research, the hydrological analysis of the Motupe basin is carried out, and later the hydraulic analysis of the Motupe river, in order to obtain a flood map that allows identifying the areas susceptible to this phenomenon, in the district of Milagro, Amazonas. In order to carry out the flood map, we start from the hydrological analysis that consists of delimiting the Utcubamba basin, determining its characteristics, with the help of the ArcGis program. Previously, the precipitation data from the different rainfall stations will have to be collected, where by means of probabilistic methods and goodness tests, and estimating the missing data, the design hietograms can be obtained in order to obtain the maximum flows (design flows) for different proposed return times. For hydraulic analysis, field visits are required to determine the most appropriate roughness coefficient for the river, and also to obtain a broader view of the study site.,contour lines and bathymetry will be obtained, fundamental data for modeling and obtaining cross sections of the river. For this, the mathematical model HEC-RAS will be used. And thus, with the intervention of the programs and the proposed analysis, it will be possible to obtain the flood map and thus provide the most appropriate alternative solution to the problem that may be generated.

Tecnécio-99m (99mTc), o produto de decaimento do molibdênio-99 (99Mo), é um dos radioisótopos mais utilizados na medicina nuclear, abrangendo cerca de 80% de todos os procedimentos de radiodiagnóstico médico pelo mundo. Atualmente o Brasil necessita de uma quantidade de aproximadamente 450 Ci de 99Mo por semana. Devido à crise e à escassez em seu fornecimento que vem sendo observada no cenário mundial desde 2008, o IPEN decidiu desenvolver um projeto próprio para produção de 99Mo através da fissão do urânio-235. O objetivo deste trabalho de dissertação foi desenvolver cálculos neutrônicos e temo-hidráulicos para avaliar a segurança operacional de um dispositivo para produção de 99Mo a ser irradiado no núcleo do reator IEA-R1. Neste dispositivo serão alojados dez alvos do tipo dispersão de UAlx-Al com baixo enriquecimento de urânio (LEU) e densidade de 2,889 gU/cm³. Para o cálculo neutrônico foram utilizados os programas computacionais HAMMER-TECHNION e CITATION e as temperaturas máximas atingidas nos alvos foram calculadas com o código MTRCR-IEAR1. Os cálculos demonstram que a irradiação do dispositivo deverá ocorrer sem consequências adversas à operação do reator. A quantidade total de 99Mo foi calculada com o programa SCALE e considerando que o tempo necessário para o processamento químico e recuperação do 99Mo será de cinco dias após a irradiação, teremos disponível para distribuição uma atividade de 99Mo de 176 Ci para 3 dias de irradiação, 236 Ci para 5 dias de irradiação e 272 Ci para 7 dias de irradiação dos alvos. / Technetium-99m (99mTc), the product of radioactive decay of molybdenum-99 (99Mo), is one of the most widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine, covering approximately 80% of all radiodiagnosis procedures in the world. Nowadays, Brazil requires an amount of about 450 Ci of 99Mo per week. Due to the crisis and the shortage of 99Mo supply chain that has been observed on the world since 2008, IPEN/CNEN-SP decided to develop a project to produce 99Mo through fission of uranium-235. The objective of this dissertation was the development of neutronic and thermal-hydraulic calculations to evaluate the operational safety of a device for 99Mo production to be irradiated in the IEA-R1 reactor core at 5 MW. In this device will be placed ten targets of UAlx-Al dispersion fuel with low enriched uranium (LEU) and density of 2.889 gU/cm³. For the neutronic calculations were utilized the computer codes HAMMER-TECHNION and CITATION and the maximum temperatures reached in the targets were calculated with the code MTRCR-IEAR1. The analysis demonstrated that the device irradiation will occur without adverse consequences to the operation of the reactor. The total amount of 99Mo was calculated with the program SCALE and considering that the time needed for the chemical processing and recovering of the 99Mo will be five days after the irradiation, we have that the 99Mo activity available for distribution will be 176 Ci for 3 days of irradiation, 236 Ci for 5 days of irradiation and 272 Ci for 7 days of targets irradiation.

Tecnécio-99m (99mTc), o produto de decaimento do molibdênio-99 (99Mo), é um dos radioisótopos mais utilizados na medicina nuclear, abrangendo cerca de 80% de todos os procedimentos de radiodiagnóstico médico pelo mundo. Atualmente o Brasil necessita de uma quantidade de aproximadamente 450 Ci de 99Mo por semana. Devido à crise e à escassez em seu fornecimento que vem sendo observada no cenário mundial desde 2008, o IPEN decidiu desenvolver um projeto próprio para produção de 99Mo através da fissão do urânio-235. O objetivo deste trabalho de dissertação foi desenvolver cálculos neutrônicos e temo-hidráulicos para avaliar a segurança operacional de um dispositivo para produção de 99Mo a ser irradiado no núcleo do reator IEA-R1. Neste dispositivo serão alojados dez alvos do tipo dispersão de UAlx-Al com baixo enriquecimento de urânio (LEU) e densidade de 2,889 gU/cm³. Para o cálculo neutrônico foram utilizados os programas computacionais HAMMER-TECHNION e CITATION e as temperaturas máximas atingidas nos alvos foram calculadas com o código MTRCR-IEAR1. Os cálculos demonstram que a irradiação do dispositivo deverá ocorrer sem consequências adversas à operação do reator. A quantidade total de 99Mo foi calculada com o programa SCALE e considerando que o tempo necessário para o processamento químico e recuperação do 99Mo será de cinco dias após a irradiação, teremos disponível para distribuição uma atividade de 99Mo de 176 Ci para 3 dias de irradiação, 236 Ci para 5 dias de irradiação e 272 Ci para 7 dias de irradiação dos alvos. / Technetium-99m (99mTc), the product of radioactive decay of molybdenum-99 (99Mo), is one of the most widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine, covering approximately 80% of all radiodiagnosis procedures in the world. Nowadays, Brazil requires an amount of about 450 Ci of 99Mo per week. Due to the crisis and the shortage of 99Mo supply chain that has been observed on the world since 2008, IPEN/CNEN-SP decided to develop a project to produce 99Mo through fission of uranium-235. The objective of this dissertation was the development of neutronic and thermal-hydraulic calculations to evaluate the operational safety of a device for 99Mo production to be irradiated in the IEA-R1 reactor core at 5 MW. In this device will be placed ten targets of UAlx-Al dispersion fuel with low enriched uranium (LEU) and density of 2.889 gU/cm³. For the neutronic calculations were utilized the computer codes HAMMER-TECHNION and CITATION and the maximum temperatures reached in the targets were calculated with the code MTRCR-IEAR1. The analysis demonstrated that the device irradiation will occur without adverse consequences to the operation of the reactor. The total amount of 99Mo was calculated with the program SCALE and considering that the time needed for the chemical processing and recovering of the 99Mo will be five days after the irradiation, we have that the 99Mo activity available for distribution will be 176 Ci for 3 days of irradiation, 236 Ci for 5 days of irradiation and 272 Ci for 7 days of targets irradiation.

This diploma thesis describes study of interconnection of Letohrad and Lanškroun water distribution systems. The thesis contains an overview of legislative regulations and technical standards related to the construction, design and directional solution of water supply systems. Following that, there is the description of the current state of the affected water mains. Next part is the design of interconnection including hydraulic analysis in using Epanet 2.0 software. The study contains several variants of the solution. The economic assessment is included.

This diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of water supply system in the town of Počátky. It describes the process of creating a mathematical model needed for the hydraulic analysis, which was used to assess the water supply system Počátky. This thesis task is to apprise reader, with a basic distribution in the drinking water supply, how to proceed in collecting data on hydraulic analysis requirements and using tools and means used in hydraulic analysis. Conclusions are processed variants for possible optimization of water supply system Počátky.

This thesis deals with stochastic water demand modellling in the water supply network. In the opening section, a research is created, where two different approaches to stochastic modelling of water consumption are presented. The practical part describes the creation of a deterministic hydraulic model and its calibration. Generated stochastic water demand patterns with a small time step of 1 minute, are then inserted into this model. Each household is assigned with a unique water demand pattern. Then a hydraulic analysis was done. A comparison of deterministic and stochastic approaches is presented at the end of the thesis. The comparison shows, that small-time step modelling does not have a big impact on the pressure ratios in the water supply network, but has a huge impact on the maximum flows and speeds occurring in links of the hydraulic model.